I. Look through the text and say:

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY.)

I. Look through the text and say:

a). what juvenile delinquency is;

b). whether the police can deter children from committing crimes.

Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) who fall under a statutory age limit. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that would be charged as a crime if he or she were an adult. Although persons under 18 can also be charged and tried as adults, depending on the type of offense committed.

Family factors which may have an influence on offending include: the level of parental supervision, the way parents discipline a child, particularly harsh punishment, parental conflict or separation, criminal parents, parental abuse or neglect, and the quality of the parent-child relationship.

If children have low parental supervision they are much more likely to offend. When parents do not know where their children are, what their activities are, or who their friends are, children are more likely to truant from school, run away from home and have delinquent friends. A lack of supervision is also connected to poor relationships between children and parents. Children who are often in conflict with their parents may be less willing to discuss their activities with them.

Peer rejection in childhood is also a large predictor of juvenile delinquency. Children are rejected by peers for many reasons. This rejection affects the child's ability to be socialized properly, and often leads to anti-social peer groups.

Other factors that may lead a teenager into juvenile delinquency include poor or low socio-economic status, poor school performance and/or failure, hyperactivity, or attention deficit disorder.

The police role with juveniles is expanded because they handle many noncriminal matters referred to as status offenses, including running away, curfew violations, and truancy as well as non-delinquent juvenile matters such as neglect, abuse, and missing persons reports. Most urban police departments have special police units or juvenile bureaus for handling the increasing number of juvenile cases. Duties of special juvenile officers include taking missing children reports; examining runaway cases; investigating juvenile crimes; contacting and interviewing juveniles, their parents, school officials, and complainants regarding the circumstances of an offense; maintaining juvenile records; and appearing in juvenile court.

The juvenile officer is often selected and trained to relate youths, knows much about relevant legal issues, and is sensitive to special needs of young offenders. This officer is also as an important link between the police and other community institutions, such as schools and other organizations serving young people.

The police must make three major decisions with regards to processing the juveniles:

1. Whether to take the child into custody
2. Whether to request that the child be detained following apprehension
3. Whether to refer the child to court

Although young people commit many serious crimes, the juvenile function of the police work is concerned largely with order maintenance. Many offences committed by juveniles that involve physical or monetary damage are minor infractions: breaking windows, hanging around the business district, disturbing the peace, and shoplifting. Here the function of the investigating officer is not so much to solve crimes as to handle complaints involving juveniles. The officer seeks both to satisfy the complaint and to keep the youth from the future trouble. Giving this emphasis on settling cases within the community – instead of strictly enforcing the law – the police power to arrest is a weapon that can be used to deter juveniles from criminal activity and to encourage them to conform to the law.

II. Learn the vocabulary.

abuse n, v	злоупотребление; злоупотреблять, оскорблять
adult n	совершеннолетний
associate v	связывать, соединять(ся)
attention n attention deficit disorder	внимание синдром дефицита внимания
complaint n	жалоба, официальное обвинение
conform v	согласоваться, подчиняться
curfew n	комендантский час, временной режим
custody n take into custody	охрана, задержание взять под стражу
delinquency n juvenile delinquency	нарушение, правонарушение, делинквентность преступность несовершеннолетних
delinquent n, a	правонарушитель, делинквент (несовершеннолет.) нарушающий право
deter v	удерживать от совершения чего-либо
encourage v	поощрять, способствовать, подстрекать
expand v	расширять (ся)
handle v	рассматривать, осуществлять контроль
hang around (about) v	бродить вокруг, шляться, слоняться
harsh a	грубый
influence n	влияние
infraction n	нарушение
instead of adv	вместо
lack n	недостаток, отсутствие
link v	связь
maintain v	вести, поддерживать, возбуждать
neglect n	невыполнение, пренебрежение
offence n status offence	правонарушение, преступление правонарушение несовершеннолетних
offend v offend the law	оскорблять, нарушать нарушать закон
parental a	родительский
participation n	участие
peer n	сверстник
performance n	работа, достижение
poor a	бедный, плохой
predict v	предсказывать
process v	возбуждать дело, начинать процесс
quality n	качество
record n	дело, документ
refer v	направлять, передавать, относиться
regarding a	относящийся
rejection n	неприятие
relationship n	отношение
request v	просить, требовать
settle v	урегулировать
statutory a	установленный законом, законный
supervision n	надзор, наблюдение
truancy n	прогул (занятий в школе)

III. Match the Russian and English equivalents.

	offend	a	рассматривать, осуществлять контроль
	delinquent	b	злоупотребление
	record	c	неприятие
	neglect	d	оскорблять, нарушать
	delinquency	e	подчиняться
	rejection	f	охрана, задержание
	encourage	g	сверстник
	conform	h	правонарушитель (несовершеннолетий)
	abuse	i	отношение
	handle	j	преступность несовершеннолетних
	peer	k	дело, документ
	custody	l	урегулировать
	relationship	m	поддерживать, вести (дело)
	maintain	n	невыполнение
	settle	o	поощрять

IV. Translate the words and word combinations.

particularly harsh punishment; participation in illegal behavior; the level of parental supervision; parental abuse or neglect; minor (juvenile); fall under a statutory age limit; a lack of supervision; can be charged and tried as adults; they are much more likely to offend; children are more likely to truant from school; poor relationships between children and parents; peer rejection in childhood; poor or low socio-economic status; poor school performance and/or failure; hyperactivity, or attention deficit disorder; leads to anti-social peer groups; referred to as status offenses; curfew violations; non-delinquent juvenile matters; handling the increasing number of juvenile cases; taking missing children reports; examining runaway cases; complainants regarding the circumstances of an offense; maintaining juvenile records; appearing in juvenile court; physical or monetary damage; order maintenance; disturbing the peace; shoplifting; satisfy the complaint; keep the youth from the future trouble; settling cases within the community; enforcing the law; deter juveniles from criminal activity; encourage them to conform to the law.

V. Match the word on the left to its definition on the right.

1.	abuse	a	a minor crime in general, especially that of young people
2.	delinquency	b	a regulation requiring people to remain indoors between specified hours, usually at night
3.	peers	c	(of a person) not yet traced or confirmed as alive but not known to be dead
4.	missing	d	a group of people of the same age, status, interest, etc.
5.	curfew	e	use to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse

VI. Substitute the words underlined in the text with the synonymous ones given below.

Unlawful, divorce, criminal, result in, main, tries, obey, chosen, bad, control, taking part, offending, violations, involve, severe, grown up, keep from, commit crimes, dealing with.

VII. Fill in the gaps with the words given below.

Particularly harsh; participation in; the level of; parental; statutory; a lack of; truant; poor; peer; low socio-economic; poor; attention; anti-social;; curfew; non-delinquent; missing; runaway; maintaining; appearing; physical or monetary; order; disturbing; satisfy; keep the youth from; settling cases; enforcing; deter juveniles from; encourage them; non-criminal;

	… relationships		… school performance
	… punishment		… status
	… parental supervision		… the peace
	… peer groups		… juvenile records
	… the law		… abuse or neglect
	… cases		… children reports
	… illegal behavior		… from school
	… in juvenile court		… rejection
	… violations		… deficit disorder
	… supervision		… age limit
	… offences		… to conform to the law
	… maintenance		… within the community
	… the future trouble		… offenses
	… criminal activity		… damage
	… juvenile matters		… the complaint

VIII. Make up all possible word combinations using the words from the 2 columns.

juvenile	status
youth	delinquency
illegal	punishment
statutory	the law
charged	abuse
tried	relationship
harsh	age limit
parental	cases
parent-child	offences
delinquent	crime
missing	decisions
low socio-economic	neglect
status	friends
runaway	behaviour
school	officials
important	delinquent
legal	link
major	supervision
serious	as adults
monetary	separation
order	records
investigation	trouble
future	court
enforcing	issues
criminal	activity
physical	officer
	damage
	children

IX. Choose the correct word from the box to complete the sentence.

maintenance; to truant, run away; rejection; units; participation, statutory; conform; supervision; anti-social; complaints; status; relationships; to take.

1. Juvenile delinquency is … in legal behavior by minors who fall under a … age limit.

2. If children have low parental …, they are much more likely to offend.

3. When parents do not know where their children are, what their activities are, children are more likely … from school, … from home.

4. A lack of supervision is also connected to poor … between children and parents.

5. Peer… in childhood is also a large predictor of juvenile delinquency.

6. Peer rejection in childhood often leads to … peer groups.

7. The police handle many non-criminal matters referred to as … offences.

8. Most urban police departments have special police … for handling juvenile cases.

9. The police can make a decision … the child into custody.

10. The juvenile function of the police work is concerned largely with order ….

11. The function of the investigating officer is to handle … involving juveniles.

12. The police encourage juveniles … to the law.

X. Rewrite the sentences in the passive as in the example.

1. Special juvenile officers investigate juvenile crimes.

Juvenile crimes are investigated by special juvenile officers.

2. Some family factors may influence on the offending.

The offending may be influence by some family factors.

1. Juveniles commit many offences that involve physical or monetary damage.

2. Status offences include non-criminal matters such as running away, curfew violations, and truancy.

3. The police may take a child into custody.

4. The investigating officer handles complaints involving juveniles.

5. The police also may refer the child to court.

6. The juvenile officer often keeps the child from the future trouble.

7..The police encourage juveniles to conform to the law.

8. Special juvenile officers examine runaway cases.

9. The police use the power to arrest to deter juveniles from criminal activity.

10. The court can try persons under 18 as adults depending on the type of offence committed.

XI. Find in the text the words dealing with

· causes of juvenile delinquency

· status offenses

· duties of special juvenile officers

· juvenile function of police work

XII. Find in the text the information dealing with

· the definition of juvenile delinquency

· the age of juvenile delinquents

· family factors influencing the offending

· children who are more likely to offend

· the consequences of parent’s neglect and lack of supervision

· the reasons for which children may be rejected by their peers

· other factors leading to delinquency

· types of status offences

· duties of special juvenile officers

· police major decisions with regard to processing juveniles

· juvenile function of police work

· how police try to keep the youth from the future trouble

XIII. Match the questions on the text in the 1st column to the answers in the 2nd column.

	What is juvenile delinquency?	a	The police must make three major decisions with regards to processing the juveniles: 1. whether to take the child into custody whether to request that the child be detained following apprehension whether to refer the child to court.
	What is the definition of juvenile delinquent?	b	Other factors that may lead a teenager into juvenile delinquency include poor or low socio-economic status, poor school performance and/or failure, hyperactivity, or attention deficit disorder.
	What are family factors which may have an influence on juvenile offending?	c	They handle many noncriminal matters referred to as status offenses, including running away, curfew violations, and truancy as well as non-delinquent juvenile matters such as neglect, abuse, and missing persons reports.
	How does low parental supervision affect family relations?	d	A lack of supervision is also connected to poor relationships between children and parents.
	What is a large predictor of juvenile delinquency?	e	Although young people commit many serious crimes, the juvenile function of the police work is concerned largely with order maintenance.
	What are other factors leading to juvenile delinquency?	f	Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation inillegal behavior by minors (juveniles) who fall under a statutory age limit.
	What status offences do police deal with?	g	The juvenile officer is often selected and trained to relate youths, knows much about relevant legal issues, and is sensitive to special needs of young offenders.
	What are the duties of special police officers?	h	The function of the investigating officer is not so much to solve crimes as to handle complaints involving juveniles; to satisfy the complaint and to keep the child from the future trouble; to deter juveniles from criminal activity and to encourage them to conform to the law.
	How is the juvenile officer selected and trained?	i	Family factors which may have an influence on offending include: the level of parental supervision, the way parents discipline a child, particularly harsh punishment, parental conflict or separation, criminal parents, parental abuse or neglect, and the quality of the parent-child relationship.
	What major decisions must police make to process the juveniles?	j	Peer rejection in childhood is also a large predictor of juvenile delinquency.
	What is the juvenile function of the police work largely concerned with?	k	A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that would be charged as a crime if he or she were an adult.
	What is the function of the investigating officer dealing with crimes and complaints involving juveniles?	l	Duties of special juvenile officers include taking missing children reports; examining runaway cases; investigating juvenile crimes; contacting and interviewing juveniles, their parents, school officials, and complainants regarding the circumstances of an offense; maintaining juvenile records; and appearing in juvenile court.

XIV. Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions from exercise XIII. Add some more information to his (her) answer if necessary. If the answer is correct, approve the answer by saying:”Yes you are right; it’s true; quite so; and moreover”, etc. then repeat the answer and add your information If the answer is wrong, say, “I am afraid, you are wrong; that’s not quite right; you are mistaken” and say the right answer.

XV. Speak on juvenile delinquency.

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-04