Several common types of documents: A document is a written, drawn, presented or recorded representation of thoughts. Originating from the Latin Documentum meaning lesson - the verb doceō means

Document

Several common types of documents: A document is a written, drawn, presented or recorded representation of thoughts. Originating from the Latin Documentum meaning lesson - the verb doceō means to teach, and is pronounced similarly, in the past it was usually used as a term for a written proof used as evidence. In the computer age, a document is usually used to describe a primarily textual file, along with its structure and design, such as fonts, colors and additional images.

The modern term 'document' can no longer be defined by its transmission medium (such as paper), following the existence of electronic documents. 'Documentation' has more meanings than a written or drawn presentation of thoughts.

The formal term 'document' is defined as a basic theoretical construct. It is everything which may be preserved or represented in order to serve as evidence for some purpose (a birth certificate, a legal document (a restraining order), and a bank statement).

The concept of "document" has been defined as “any concrete or symbolic indication, preserved or recorded, for reconstructing or for proving a phenomenon, whether physical or mental"

Types of documents

Documents are sometimes classified as secret, private or public. They may also be described as a draft or proof. When a document is copied, the source is referred to as the original.

There are accepted standards for specific applications in various fields, such as:

· Academic: thesis, paper, journal

· Business and accounting: Invoice, quote, RFP, Proposal, Contract, Packing slip, Manifest, Report detailed & summary, Spread sheet, MSDS, Waybill, Bill of Lading (BOL), Financial statement,Nondisclosure agreement (NDA) or sometimes referred to as; Mutual nondisclosure agreement (MNDA)

· Law and politics: summons, certificate, license, gazette

· Government and industry: white paper, application forms, user-guide

· Media and marketing: brief, mock-up, script

Such standard documents can be created based on a template.

Developing documents

The page layout of a document is the manner in which information is graphically arranged in the document space (e.g., on a page). If the appearance of the document is of concern, page layout is generally the responsibility of a graphic designer. Typography deals with the design of letter and symbol forms, as well as their physical arrangement in the document (see typesetting). Information design focuses on the effective communication of information, especially in industrial documents and public signs. Simple text documents may not require a visual design and may be handled by an author, clerk or transcriber. Forms may require a visual design for the initial fields, but not to fill out the forms.

History

Traditionally, the medium of a document was paper and the information was applied to it as ink, either by hand (to make a hand-written document) or by a mechanical process (such as a printing press or, more recently, a laser printer).

Through time, documents have also been written with ink on papyrus(starting in ancient Egypt) or parchment; scratched as runes or carved on stone using a sharp apparatus (such as the Tablets of Stone described in the bible); stamped or cut into clay and then baked to make clay tablets (e.g., in the Sumerian and other Mesopotamian civilisations). The paper, papyrus or parchment might be rolled up as a scroll or cut into sheets and bound into a book. Today short documents might also consist of sheets of paper stapled together.

Modern electronic means of storing and displaying documents include:

· desktop computer and monitor (or laptop, tablet PC, etc.); optionally with a printer to obtain a hard copy

· Personal digital assistant (PDA)

· dedicated e-book device

· electronic paper

· information appliances

· digital audio players

· radio and television service provider

Digital documents usually have to adhere to a specific file format in order to be useful.

That documents cannot be defined by their transmission medium

In law

Documents in all forms are frequently found to be material evidence in criminal and civil proceedings. The forensic analysis of such a document falls under the scope of questioned document examination. For the purpose of cataloging and managing the large number of documents that may be produced in the course of a lawsuit, Bates numbering is often applied to all documents so that each document has a unique, aribitrary identifying number.

annual report

a document that gives details of the financial activities of a company or other organization over the past year

blue book

an official document containing information on a particular subject that is published by the British government

certificate

an official document or record stating that particular facts are true. For example a birth certificate gives the official facts about your birth and a health certificate gives the facts about your state of health.

charter

an official document describing the aims, rights, or principles of an organization

charter

a document describing the rights of citizens in a particular group or situation

company report

a report that gives detailed information about what a company has done and how successful it has been

concept statement

a short official statement about the purpose of a project

confidentiality agreement

an agreement in which a person or organization that has important information about the activities of another organizationpromises not to give it to anyone else

consent form

a document that someone signs to show that they will allow something to happen

document

a piece of paper or a set of papers containing official information

dossier

a set of documents about a person or situation

draft

something such as a plan, letter, or drawing that may have changes made to it before it is finished

fact sheet

a piece of paper that gives all the important information about something

file

a set of papers, documents, or records that you keep because they contain information

form

an official document that has spaces where you can put in information

Green Paper

a document published by the government of the UK or Canada that gives details of proposals so that they can be discussed before new laws are made

guarantee

a document containing a guarantee

ID

a document that gives the details of your name, address, and date of birth, sometimes with a photograph

ID card

noun

an identity card

identification

something that proves who you are, especially a document with your name and a photograph

identity card

an official document or card that shows who you are

invitation to tender

noun

a formal invitation to a small number of suppliers to make a detailed proposal for completing a particular piece of work

leaflet

a printed sheet of paper, usually folded, that is provided free and gives information about something

letter of agreement

a document that states what has been agreed between two people or organizations

mailing

a letter, card, parcel etc sent as part of a mailing

mailshot

a letter or advertisement sent to many people at the same time

master

a document, photograph, recording etc from which copies are made

nondisclosure agreement

an agreement that employees who have just joined a company, or who are just about to leave a company, often have to sign, not to tell anyone any secret information relating to their employer

note

a short official document, especially one that you sign

notice

an official document containing a warning, instructions, or information about something

palimpsest

a very old document that writing was removed from and the surface written on again. Sometimes the older writing on apalimpsest can still be read.

papyrus

a document written on papyrus

parchment

an old document written on parchment

petition

a document signed by many people that asks someone in authority to do something

planner

a document or computer program that you can use for planning something

position paper

a document produced by an organization, especially a political organization, that gives its opinion on something

pro forma

a standard document with questions or information on it

programme

a document that tells you what will happen in a performance or event

registration document

an official document that gives details of a vehicle and its owner

report

a spoken or written account that gives information about a particular subject, situation, or event

report

an official document on a particular subject, often made by a group of people after studying a problem or situation carefully

rolling contract

a contract that continues automatically unless someone decides to end it

rough

a piece of writing or a drawing that is not finished

submission

a document that you formally give to someone who will make a decision about it

tender

a formal written offer to provide goods or services for a particular price

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04