o the costs taking place regardless of the changes in volume of production

1. Variable costs are:

o the costs taking place regardless of the changes in volume of production

· the changing costs depending on changes in volume of production

o explicit and opportunity costs

o explicit and implicit costs

o alternative use costs

2. Risk in entrepreneurship is:

o the probability of loss or shortfall in income compared with the forecast

· the motive for the efficient use of capital

o the unpredictability of partners

o the result of economic activity associated with the personality of the entrepreneur and caused by natural factors

o all answers are correct

3. Terms of maximizing profits for the firm are equality of:

o total revenue and total costs

o average revenue, average costs and prices

· marginal revenue and marginal costs

o marginal revenue, marginal costs and price

o average revenue and marginal costs

4. What are the causes of differential (economic) rent?

o monopoly of private ownership of land

· the presence of different lands by fertility and location

o limitation of lands

o monopoly on land as an object of economy

o demand for fertile land plots

5. The difference of land as a factor of production from other factors of production:

· limitation of supply

o freely reproduced

o amount is the given, fixed and ineligible to increase value

o a product of human labor

o indefiniteness of demand

6. GDP differs from GNP by:

o GNP differs from GDP by the amount of surplus between the income derived by a resident of the country abroad, and the income of a foreign resident in the territory of the country

o GNP includes only final goods and services produced and realized by national residents, located on the territory of the country

o GDP is the sum of all produced goods and services unlike GNP, which is the sum of all realized goods and services

o GNP differs from GDP by the amount of surplus between the income derived from legal entities and individuals of the country abroad

· The differences are in the so-called territorial principle

7. Marginal propensity to save is:

o always more than 1

o always more than 0

· always less than1

o equals to 1

o all answers are incorrect

8. How economic resources differ from the factors of production?

o labor force are not part of the factors of production

o economic resources are identical to the factors of production

· factors of production are economic resources used and involved in the production

o factors of production include entrepreneurship

o all answers are correct

9. Indicator of economic and social progress in society is:

o increase in the share of working hours in the total time of society

o reduction in loss of working hours

· increase in the share of free time in the total time of society

o reduction in the share of free time in the total time of society

o increase in loss of working hours

10. Rate of capital productivity ratio is calculated as the relation of:

o volume of production to employment

· the value of production to the value of productive assets

o the value of the main productive assets to the quantity of the wage fund

o the value of production per unit cost of raw materials

o the value of production per unit cost of current capital

11. The main objective of the HR manager in hiring is to:

o offer vacancies

o clarify the essence and peculiarities of work

o interest in the proposed work

· provide information about the work and evaluate the professional competence of the person to this work

o get on the right side of person

12. If the rise in commodity prices is not more than 5% per year and the prices of various commodity groups do not change respect to each other, it is:

o anticipated inflation

o hyperinflation

o suppressed inflation

· balanced inflation

o demand-pull inflation

13. Giffen good is:

o goods, for which demand decreases with an increase in the monetary income of the consumer

o goods, the demand for which grows with the growth of prices for this product

o goods, for which demand grows in the fall of real income of the consumer and the immutability of relative prices of goods

· goods, for which demand does not vary with the price of this product

o all answers are incorrect

14. Monopsony is such a market structure in which:

o the product is uniform, the market entry barriers are absent, there is a two sellers and many buyers

o there are many buyers and sellers, there are no entry barriers, the product is different from the point of view of buyers

o there are many sellers and one buyer in the market, the product is uniform

o there are one seller and several buyers in the market

· there are one seller and one buyer in the market

15. The primary government deficit is the difference between:

o current government expenditures and revenues

o total stockout and structural deficit

· the current deficit and the amount of federal interest payments

o current government expenditure and revenue in full-time employment

o the total stockout and budget deficit in full-time employment

16. The lower limit of the income tax rate is the value determined by the ratio of:

o the current deficit to GDP

o the structural deficit to GDP

· the cyclical deficit to GDP

o the government debt to GDP

o the federal interest payment to GDP

17. Economic laws express:

o subjective-psychological ties;

· cause-and-effect ties;

o socio political ties;

o legal ties;

o moral and ethical ties

18. Historically, the first interpretation of the labor theory of value was given by:

· C.Menger, E.Bohm-Bawerk, F.Wieser;

o W.Petty, A. Smith, D. Ricardo;

o J.Keynes, M.Friedman, F. Hayek;

o F.Quesnay, A. Monchrestien;

o K.Marx, F.Engels

19. Economic needs is:

o a special psychological state, perceived or understood by them as stress, dissatisfaction, incompatibility between the internal and external conditions of vital activity;

o a activity booster, which aims to eliminate the incompatibilities;

· a part of human needs, to meet that a production-distribution-consumption-sharing is needed;

o an employment of able-bodied population;

o аll of these answers are correct

20. The system of production relations is determined by the relationship in the sphere of:

o Production;

o Distribution;

o Change;

o Consumption;

· In their aggregate

21. The factors of production are:

o Capital;

o Labor;

o Land;

o Entrepreneurship ability;

· The aggregate of the above

22. What is a personal factor of production?

· Labor force;

o Labor;

o Production means;

o subject of labor;

o All of these answers are correct

23. What is the basis of human life?

o Knowledge;

o Experience;

· Material production;

o Culture;

o Non-production sphere

24. The source of the extended production is:

o Fixed capital;

o Wage capital;

· Fixed and wage capital;

o Added value;

o Wage capital and added value

25. Which of the following features characterize the economic system?

· The relationship of the material and the real side of management and its social side;

o Unity and integrity of all its components;

o The complexity of the structure;

o Law of money circulation;

o All statements characterize the economic system

26. The modern economy is usually called:

· A sphere of human activity, in which wealth is created to meet their diverse needs;

o The national economy, consisting of various industries;

o A single process of production of wealth in its two natural forms: in the form of money and the value;

o The presence of the shadow economy;

o All previous answers are correct

27. The most important criterion of economic system development is:

o Economic efficiency;

o Social stability;

o Solutions to global problems;

o All of the above;

· All of the answers are incorrect

28. What is the command system?

o An economic system based on private property, economic development of which is governed exclusively by the price mechanism;

· An economic system based on state ownership and centralized management methods;

o С) An economic system based on various forms of property, the development of which is regulated by the market, traditions and centralized control methods;

o D) An economic system in which the traditions, customs, experience determine the practical use of productive resources;

o E) An economic system with the dominating universal state regulation

29. What is a mixed economy?

o An economic system based on private property, economic development of which is governed exclusively by the price mechanism;

o An economic system based on state ownership and centralized management methods;

· An economic system based on various forms of property, the development of which is regulated by the market, traditions and centralized control methods;

o An economic system in which the traditions, customs, experience determine the practical use of productive resources;

o An economic system with the dominating universal state regulation

30. The economic model is not:

o an ideal type of economy and politics;

o a tool for economic forecasts;

· a complex of economic principles;

o an explanation of functioning of the economics;

a way of thinking about economic reality;

31. Which definition describes a shadow economy?

· Activities that are not registered by the state and is not reflected in official statistics;

o Activity that covers all phases of the wealth circulation;

o Activities, the essence of which is an unjust enrichment by concealing income from government taxation, free of charge embezzlement and redistribution of social wealth;

o Dollar exchange rate in exchange offices;

o All previous features

32. Property in the economic sense is:

o A real relationship between people on the assignment and economic use of all property;

o The privity of estate designed and fixed in legal norms and laws;

· The assignment of factors and results of production;

o The knowledge of economic laws;

o All of these statements are correct

33. Economic relations of ownership express relations:

· Appropriation – expropriation;

o Possession (holding);

o Using;

o Responsibility;

o Prescription.

34. Good (commodity) is:

o wheat of the landlord in the form of quitrent;

o Car in the form of a gift to the son;

· Product of labor for sale;

o Building a house for the family;

o Difficult to answer

35. Cost of production is:

o the ability of product to meet the people needs;

o the appearance of the product;

o the ability to exchange products with each other;

· a social labor embodied in the product;

o a purposeful human activity

36. The conditions under which labor becomes a commodity:

o Agreement of workers and employers;

o Personal freedom of worker and his lack of means of production and livelihood;

o Permission of state authorities;

· The presence of commodity-money relations in society;

o Employment of the able-bodied population

37. Value of commodities is determined by the following factors:

o Desires of manufacturers;

· Productivity, intensity and complexity of labor;

o Agreement of seller and buyer;

o Government decree;

o The level of prices in the markets

38. Which concept does not refer to the phases of the business cycle:

o Depression;

· Recession;

o Inflation;

o Exhilaration;

o Rise.

39. What is the socially necessary labor time?

o Labor intensity

o The time required per unit of production

o The time determined by the cost of each worker on the production of goods

o The total cost of labor for the production of goods

· The time required to manufacture goods at socially normal conditions of production

40. The problem of "how to produce" in a market economy is solved:

o Through the desire of producers to make a profit and, therefore, to minimize the cost of production;

o Using the change and volume of consumer demand, which is determined by the price of the final products;

o On the basis of specialization in production;

· On the basis of extensive use of the means of production in the economy;

o Through the reduction of transaction expenses

41. Which of the following is not an element of the structure of the market mechanism?

o Competition;

o Demand;

o Supply;

· Directive planning;

o Price.

42. Minimization of production costs:

o leads to accounting profit, which reduces the economic benefits;

o is not related to profitability;

· there are conditions for the emergence and growth of profits;

o reduces profits;

o leads to economic benefits, reducing accounting profit

43. Which of the following statements is correct?

o Accounting profit minus implicit costs is an economic profit

o Accounting costs plus economic costs is a normal profit

o Economic profit minus implicit costs are explicit costs

· Economic profit minus implicit costs is an accounting profit

o Profit is the sum of factor incomes

44. Technical ratio that reflects the relationship of total costs of production factors with maximum output, sets:

o the growth of labor productivity;

o the alternativity coefficient;

o method of resource use;

· performance indicator of production;

o production function

45. Substitution of factors of production leads to:

· a reduction in price due to the reduction in demand for resources squeezed out of production;

o sustainable growth in market prices of products;

o the preservation of market prices of products;

o a reduction in price due to increased demand for substitute factors of production;

o the establishment of the equilibrium price

46. Which of the following does not belong to economic objectives?

o Economic growth

o Full-time employment

· Political stability

o Economic efficiency

o Raising the well-being of the people

47. In modern economic theory, Keynesian substantiates:

o the removal of government control as a brake in the development of society

· the need of state regulation of market economy through aggregate demand

o the solution of all social and economic problems through free competition

o the superiority of the market economy system over mixed economy

o full liberalization of the economy

48. Characteristic features of the neoclassical direction:

o commitment to the paternalism

· effective fiscal policy

o the necessity of government intervention in the economy

o the active role of the state in the formation of market relations

o all socio-economic problems should be solved by free competition

49. Monetarism as the theory of economic stabilization offers:

o state control over the money supply, achieving a balance budget

o a balance between the state budget

o the establishment of high credit bank interest

· the establishment of high credit bank interest, state control over the money supply, achieving a balance budget

o state control over the money supply

50. Method of analysis when economic generalizations based on facts is called:

o inductive

o theoretical

o deductive

· depictive

o factual

51. Economic laws express:

o the moral and ethical ties

o subjective-psychological ties

o socio-political ties

o legal ties

· cause-and-effect ties

52. Means for creating material and intangible values are:

o knowledge and experience of the staff

o physical and moral qualities of wage labor

· production resources

o financial resources and the diversity of ownership forms

o income of consumers of material and intangible benefits

53. The latest objectives of the development of economic systems includes:

o global problems

o social orientation

· economic efficiency, social orientation and solving global problems;

o economic efficiency

o only economic efficiency and social orientation

54. The backbone relationship implies:

o the use of natural resources

· ownership of the means of production

o distribution of income

o the use of established product

o labor service

55. Economic content of the processes of privatization and denationalization is:

o the creation of various forms of rental property

o reduction of state ownership

o providing conditions of market entry

· creation of competitive relations on the basis of various forms of ownership, reduction of state ownership

o nationalization

56. The need for diversity of ownership is determined bys:

o the necessity of filling the market with goods

o political motives

o the requirements of the new post-industrial society to the types of property

· the level of development of the productive forces of society

o the requirements of the competition

57. The main function of property in economic theory is:

· production management

o distinguish between the rights and obligations regarding the wealth

o establish and terminate the legal powers

o achieving a high level of well-being

o obtaining the maximum amount of needs with a minimum of resources used

58. Money is:

· an universal equivalent

o a simple tool of account

o a good with a universal exchangeability

o an only counting unit

o an only gold.

59. What is the cost according to K.Marx?

· relation between things

o relation of man to the thing

o the relationship between producers covered with material shell

o utility of things

o life of the things.

60. According to the representatives of the theory of "marginal utility" value is determined by the value of:

· the marginal utility of the things

o the socially necessary labor time

o the marginal cost of labor

o individual working time

o the cost of production

61. What school of economic theory was historically the first:

o Marxism

· Mercantilism

o Petty-bourgeois political economy

o Keynesian economics

o Physiocracy

62. Interchangeability of the factors of production caused by:

o Structural features of product

o Specific needs

· Limited resources

o Efficient use of resources

o All previous answers are incorrect

63. Property is:

o The relation of person to objects

o The object

· The relationship between people about object appropriation

o The possibility of possession and managing of good

o The right to manage and using of good

64. Subsistence economy is a form of economic organization in which:

o The products of labor are made to share in the market

o Exists a closed manufacturer

o Products are manufactured for intraeconomic consumption

o The relationship between production and consumption is direct

· All of the answers are correct

65. A market is:

o The set of acts of scale

o The interaction of supply and demand

o The relationship between sellers and buyers

· System of economic relations between people, covering processes of production, distribution, exchange and consumption

o All of the answers are correct

66. Competition is:

o The rivalry among manufacturers to obtain the highest profit

o The rivalry among consumers for the right to buy products at lower prices

o Economic competitiveness to achieve the best results in any arena

· The driving force of the market

o All of the answers are correct

67. The objectives of the entrepreneur DOES NOT apply

o Providing the viability of the enterprise

· Creation of additional jobs in company

o Production build-up

o Increase efficiency of functioning of the enterprise

o Making a profit

68. Advertising of enterprise is characteristic for:

o Period of beginning of its activity

o Phase of restructuring of the enterprise

o Phase of expansion of the enterprise

o Period of further activity of the enterprise

· All of the above steps

69. Which trade unions are NOT economic:

o Company

o Association

· Guild

o Joint-stock company

o All of the answers are correct

70. Which of the company goals are the most important:

· Making a profit

o Maximization of sales

o Improvement of product quality

o Increase of workers’ salaries

o Expansion of the market for goods and services

71. Start-up capital is a capital expended:

o For the purchase of buildings or the rights of their lease

o For the purchase of machinery, equipment, devices

o To repair or reconstruction of buildings

o On wages

· All of the answers are correct

72. The concept of fixed and variable expenses only take place:

o In a short period

o In the long term

o For the monopolistic firm

o For perfect competition market

· All of the answers are wrong

73. Fixed cost is:

· Expenses for salary of supervising manpower, security, credit interests, depreciation of equipment

o Expenses for salary of employees, security, raw material cost and equipment cost

o Expenses for payment of the labor of employees, depreciation of equipment, imputed rent

o Expenses for primary material, energy, rent money, credit interest

o Product cost

74. Implicit cost is:

o Accounting expense

o Economic costs

o Accounting + economic

o Transfer cost

· Opportunity cost of using recourses that are property of the firm

75. Which of the economic schools for the first time analyzed the reprocessing and distribution of revenue in agriculture:

o Mercantilism

· Physiocracy

o A. Smith and D. Ricardo

o Marxism

o Marginalism

76. Land price depends on this factor:

o Rental value

o Lending rate

· Land market

o Supply of land

o All the above factors

77. Social product in the nominal value is measured in:

o World price

o Export price

· Market-based current price

o Sell-in price

o Base (constant) price

78. We need to … to determine amount of national income:

o Subtract sum of indirect tax from the value of GNP

o Reduce amount of GDP in the amount of depreciation of used fixed assets

· Subtract sum of amortization changes for the given period, sum of indirect taxes and total governmental grant from the amount of GDP

o Add the sum of state social transfer payment to GDP

Add the sum of indirect tax to GDP

79. National wealth is:

o Natural resources and cultural values

o Natural resources and human resources

· Producer’s goods, accrued assets, natural resources, material assets and cultural values

o Framed and accrued cultural values

o Accrued assets and human resources

80. The sum of amount of consumption and amount of savings is equal to:

· Amount of income

o More income in terms of economic growth

o Is always less income

o Not exceed the income

o All of the answers are wrong

81. Economic resources are:

o Natural (climatic resources)

o Financial resources

· All that is using or may be used for the production process

o Human resources

o All of the answers are wrong

82. The factors of economic growth are:

o The number and quality of natural resources

o The number and quality of human resources

o Technology used in production

o Line of production

· All of the answers are correct

83. Why clients-sellers and buyers are not allowed to commodity exchanges, but allowed to labor market:

o There are plenty of sellers of goods and they will disturb the trade

· Labor is non-standard goods

o Relations require special trust at the labor market

o It is traditions of market organization

o It is specific features of labor market

84. What are the parameters of measuring possibility of participation of the population in the labor activity:

o Population size

o Active population

o Employed population

· Gainfully employed population

o Number of unemployed

85. What possesses a higher liquidity:

o Foodstuff

o Durable goods

o Gold jewelry

· Cash

o Capital issues

86. The hypothesis about rational consumer behavior is that:

o The consumer performs only that for what he is paid

o The consumer thinks not only about himself, but also about society

· The consumer tends to maximum utility with limited income

o The consumer compares all options and stops at the best one

o The consumer takes care of himself, considering the interests of society

87. Marginal utility is:

o Maximum utility level, which consumer wants to get

· The utility which consumer gets from consumption of additional unit of the good

o Maximum utility, that can be obtained by consuming this amount of benefits

o Maximum utility level that can be achieved by spending this amount of money

o Maximum utility level which can be obtained at current prices for goods and services

88. In conditions of inflation, the greatest losses have:

o Households

o Entrepreneurs

· Persons who receive fixed incomes

o Persons who receive income from loans in credit system

o Self-employed population

89. Ordinary features of the loan are:

· Payment of interest, promptness, repayment

o Payment of interest, liquidity and safety

o Liquidity, promptness, targeting

o Promptness, repayment, safety

o All of the answers are incorrect

90. What is the value of economic rent:

o The difference between price and expenses of production

o The difference between price and marginal costs

· The difference between social and individual production goals

o The difference between gross profit and average profit

o The difference between price and variable costs

91. Uncompensated seizure from the owner his property in the fixed state order is:

o Monopolization

o Privatization

o Nationalization

o Denationalization

· Confiscation

92. Which of the forms of property is more efficient in terms of productivity of labor:

o State

o Municipal

o Private

o Collective

· Mixed

93. What function is performed by credit money:

o Instrument of circulation

· Instrument of payment

o Means of hoarding

o Standard of value

All of the answers are incorrect

94. Production is effectively, if:

o There is provided a full use of labor resources

· The full use of all available resources

o The full use of manufacturing resources

o The law of diminishing productivity of factors of production does not work

o The full use of labor and manufacturing resources

95. What is the unity of the laws of nature and society:

· Have an objective character

o Does not depend on activities of people

o Occurs through the economic activity of people

o Have historically incoming character

o Are eternal

96. Which definition best describes the subject of economic theory:

o Is a science about the dynamics of material and spiritual needs of man

o Is a science about human behavior motion

o Is a science about the production and criteria of distribution of produced goods

o Is a science about natural wealth

· Is a science about the most general laws of development of human society in the context of limited resources

97. Government budget is:

· Income account and outlay accounts of the state

o All sources of state revenues

o All sections of public expenses

o Cost items of all economic subjects

o All of the answers are wrong

98. The state budget deficit – it is always phenomenon:

o Negative

o Positive

o Neutral

· There are different estimates

o All of the answers are wrong

99. GNP price deflator is calculated as the ratio of:

o Real GNP to nominal GNP

o Nominal GDP to nominal GDP

· Nominal GDP to real GDP

o Nominal GNP to real GNP

o Real GNP to nominal GDP

100. Low personal incomes exist because:

o Employers undercut payments of employees

o Taxes are too high

o Wage-workers are unwilling to work

· There is a decline in economy

o Economic activity is reduced

101. In accordance with classical theory of employment exists:

o Only frictional unemployment

o Only structural unemployment

o Only cyclical unemployment

o Only technological unemployment

· Only voluntary unemployment

102. The bank:

o Buys and sells securities (financial assets)

o Maintain accounts for transactions of its costumers

o Buys and sells money

o Provide a loan

· All of the answers are correct

103. Which of the following articles DOES NOT refer to public revenue:

o Inheritance tax

· The net incomes of fundraising from the market of free capital

o Transfer payments to the population

o Excise duties

o Custom duties

104. The need for state regulation of the economy is founded by representatives of areas of economic theory, such as:

o Classical

o Neoclassical

· Keynesian

o Marginalism

o All of the answers are correct

105. Policy of protectionism for the first time was recommended by:

o Physiocrats

o Early mercantilists

· Marginalists

o Later mercantilists

o Neoclassicists

106. The exchange rate is determined by the following factors:

o Purchasing power of monetary unit

o Inflation rate

o Balance of payments position

o Degree of confidence in the currency on global foreign-exchange market

· All of the answers are correct

107. If currency of the country exchanges for any foreign currency without restrictions, i.e., there is no currency restrictions on current or capital transactions on the balance of payments, it means:

o External convertibility

o Internal convertibility

· Free convertibility

o Partial convertibility

o Inconvertibility of currencies

108. Elimination of duties for imported goods will lead to:

o Reduction of domestic price of the product

o Increase of consumption of this product

· Decrease in production of the goods within the country

o Budget losses

o All of the answers are correct

109. Demand price is:

o The minimum price that buyers are willing to pay for this product

o The maximum price that buyers are willing to pay for a given quantity of goods

o The maximum price at which sellers are realizing goods on the market

o The minimum price at which sellers are realizing their goods

· All of the answers are wrong

110. Economic problems can be solved:

o With the help of economic models

o Taking into account political considerations

o With the help of Economic Sciences

o Taking into account the views and values of each person

· By construction and testing of hypotheses

111. If production is carried out in the interests of an individual, it is:

o Collective ownership and collective appropriation

· Private property and private appropriation

o Public ownership and social appropriation

o Municipal property

o All of the answers are wrong

112. What features characterize only commodity production:

· Social division of labor

o The universalization of labor

o Wares for own consumption

o Closed nature of production

o The ability to determine what, how and for whom produce

113. The concept of perfect competition implies that:

o The industry has a large number of manufacturers producing heterogeneous products

· Goods, produced by large number of firms are standardized

o There is only one buyer of this product

o There are no barriers to entry into the market

o All of the answers are correct

114. What is included in the infrastructure market:

o Banks

· Fairs

o Currency exchanges

o Labor exchanges

o All of the answers are correct

115. Oligopoly implies that:

o There are two and more sellers of goods and services on the market

o Oligopolists do not take into account the behavior of their competitors and act like they are in perfect competition

o Oligoplists collude with each other

o Oligopolists try to predict behavior of competitors, but act within a certain economic community

· Can use all of these behaviors

116. Goods market is in equilibrium if:

o Demand volume for goods is equal to the volume offers this product

o There is no overflow or lack of goods on the market

o At a given price intention of buyer to buy a given quantity of goods coincides with intentions of sellers to sell the same amount of goods

o Price of the product satisfy buyers and sellers

· All of the answers are correct

117. Means of production is:

o The set of objects of labor and manpower

o The set of means of labor and labor

· The set of means of labor and subject of labor

o The set of means of labor, subject of labor and manpower

o All of the answers are wrong

118. If two products are interchangeable, such as tea and coffee, the increase in price of coffee will lead to:

o Decrease in demand for tea

o Increase in demand for tea

· Increase in the volume of demand for tea

o Decrease in the volume of demand for tea

o All of the answers are wrong

119. The highest management body of the joinstock company is:

o Board of Directors

o Meeting of Commissioners

· General Meeting of Shareholders

o Meeting of Shareholders

o Meeting of Holders of Preferred Shares

120. If the ratio of cross-elasticity of two products is equal to 0, then these products are:

o Interchangeable

o Complementary

· Independent

o Downscale

o All of the answers are wrong

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04