1. When an atom gives an electron or more, it becomes a positive ion.

I. Definition:

1. Ion
2. Ionic bond
3. Covalent bond
4. Valency
5. Atomic group(radical)
6. Chemical reaction
7. Chemical equation

II. Give reasons for:

1. When an atom gives an electron or more, it becomes a positive ion.

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2. Sodium atom (₁₁Na) tends to form a positive ion, while oxygen atom (₈O) tends to form a negative ion

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3. The valency of Nobel gases is zero

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4. Acids turn the colour of litmus to be red, while alkalis turn the colour of litmus to be blue.

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5. White fumes are formed when a glass rod wet with ammonia solution comes near the mouth of a test tube containing conc. hydrochloric acid.

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III. Chemical equations:

1. 2 Mg + O ₂ ……………………………………………

2.

conc

C + ………… CO ₂

3. NH ₃ + HCl …………………………………………..

4. …….. + O₂ 2NO ₂

IV. Write the chemical formula of some compounds:

Compound	formula
× Sodium hydroxide
× Magnesium sulphate
× Sodium oxide
× Sodium carbonate
× Sulphuric acid
× Calcium phosphate
× Sodium nitrate
× Aluminium hydroxide
× Aluminium oxide
× Hydrochloric acid

V. Comparisons:

1. Metals & Non- metals.

Metals	Non- metals

2. Ionic bond & Covalent bond.

Ionic bond	Covalent bond

3. Acids & Bases.

Acids	Bases

VI. Mention the negative effects of air pollution on human health.

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I. Problems:

Find the weight of an object of 10 kg. The Earth’s gravity acceleration is 9.8 m/s².

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II. Importance & uses:

Item	Importance / Use
Weak nuclear force
Strong nuclear force

III. Give reasons for:

1. An apple falls from a tree on the ground.

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IV. Comparisons:

1. Mass & Weight

Mass	Weight

I. Definition:

1. Light year
2. The Sun
3. The planets
4. Asteroids
5. Meteors
6. Meteorites
7. Comets
8. The atmosphere
9. Magma
10. Igneous rocks
11. Sedimentary rocks
12. Metamorphic rocks

II. Importance or uses:

Item	Importance / Uses
1. Telescopes
2. Oxygen gas
3. Nitrogen gas
4. Carbon dioxide gas
5. Earth’s atmosphere (concerning the meteors & meteorites)
6. Ozone layer

III. Give reasons for:

1. The density of inner planets is high.

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2. The density of outer planets is low.

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3. No one can see Halley’s comet more than two times in his life.

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4. Some rocky masses that fall from the space don’t reach the Earth’s surface.

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5. Planet Earth is suitable for life.

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IV. What happens if:

1. A part of large rocky mass within the atmosphere of the Earth that don’t burn up completely.

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2. Absence of ozone layer.

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V. Comparisons:

1. stars, planets & moons

Stars	Planets	Moons

2. meteors & comets

Meteors	Comets

3. oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases:

Points of comparison	Oxygen gas	Nitrogen gas	Carbon dioxide gas
Their percentage in air:
Importance

4. The inner planets and the outer planets

Points of comparison	Inner planets	Outer planets
Definition
Their arrangement from the Sun
Size
Structure
Density
No.of moons rotating around them
Gravitational force

5. Types of rocks

Points of comparison	Igneous rocks	Sedimentary rocks	Metamorphic rocks
Formation
Example

Label the following:

1.

blue

red

Use litmus paper to identify the kind of the solution in the test tube in front of you write the observation & conclusion

Observation:
If the blue litmus paper turned red.

Conclusion:

The solution is acidic solution.

If your Observation is
the red litmus paper turned blue.

then

your Conclusion should be:

The solution is alkaline solution

2. Burn a ribbon of magnesium in air.

Observation:
The magnesium shape has completely changed and turned from a bendable bright solid into white powder of a new substance.

Conclusion:

Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium oxide

3. Study the labels of the following figures

	1^st Prep.

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Дата добавления: 2015-10-21