To understand a child’s cognitive it is necessary to analyze his/her thought, experience and sense.

To understand a child’s cognitive … it is necessary to analyze his/her thought, experience and sense.

development;

Что бы понять когнитивное развитие ребенка необходимо проанализировать его/ее мысли, опыт и чувство

… is the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.

	cognition;
Humanistic psychologists argued that psychologists should focus on individual…

conscious experience

Гуманистические психологи утверждают, что психологи должны сосредоточиться на отдельном сознательном опыте

Wilhelm Wundt created the first psychological laboratory in …

	Oxford, England;
	Harvard, USA;
	Leipzig, Germany;
is the science studying the mind and its processes.

	Psychology;
The main aim of … is to involve students in a polylogue and to teach them how to express and prove their opinion.

discussion;

Основной целью обсуждения является вовлечение учащихся в диалог и их обучение выражать и доказывать свое мнение.

Structuralism was described by …

	Pavlov;
	Wundt;
	James;
	Freud;
This school of thought stated that Psychologists should study the many different components of the mind independently, because in order to understand how the conscious mind works, we must understand all of its individual parts completely. What is this school of thought?

	Structuralism;
	Gestalt;
	Behaviorism;
	Functionalism;
Прочитайте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение? Behaviorism proposed to investigate the mind with the help of the computer. Behaviorism, introduced by John Watson, was the most important of all approaches that investigated "minds" and proposed that psychology should investigate only observable behavior if it wanted to be an objective science. This approach dominated experimental psychology until 1950's when a strong interest in the 'mind' developed in the form of the cognitive and humanistic approaches. Representatives of these approaches argued that behaviorism ignored all the most important and interesting things that go on in our heads.

	false;
The psychological school of thought that stressed the whole or complete view of a situation was:

	Behaviorism;
	Structuralism;
	Gestalt;
	Functionalism;
Psychology as a science evolved from what other two scientific fields?

physiology and philosophy;

Прочитайте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение: Behaviorism is to focus its attention on the perceptions and images. Behaviorism is the philosophical position that says that psychology, to be a science, must focus its attentions on what is observable -- the environment and behavior -- rather than what is only available to the individual -- perceptions, thoughts, images, feelings.... The latter are subjective and immune to measurement, and therefore can never lead to an objective science.

	false;
In a learning situation, … is the behavior actually observed; whereas … is inferred from the behavior.

	performance … Learning;
In his classic studies, when Pavlov presented the bell (CS) continuously without the presentation of the meat powder (US), the dog's salivation decreased due to a process called:

	spontaneous recovery;
	extinction;
	reinforcement;
	stimulus generalization;
When the movie JAWS came out I jumped at the opportunity to see it. However, afterwards every time I went to the beach I had an uneasy feeling, even when I just sat on the beach and didn't go in the water. A Psychologist might say that in that situation, the beach served as a(n):

conditioned stimulus;

Прочитатйте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение: Behaviorism focused its attention on the unconscious. Behaviorism is the philosophical position that says that psychology, to be a science, must focus its attentions on what is observable -- the environment and behavior -- rather than what is only available to the individual -- perceptions, thoughts, images, feelings.... The latter are subjective and immune to measurement, and therefore can never lead to an objective science.

false;

Прочитайте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение: The first behaviorists were from the US Behaviorism is the philosophical position that says that psychology, to be a science, must focus its attentions on what is observable -- the environment and behavior -- rather than what is only available to the individual -- perceptions, thoughts, images, feelings.... The latter are subjective and immune to measurement, and therefore can never lead to an objective science. The first behaviorists were Russian. The very first was Ivan M. Sechenov (1829 to 1905). He was a physiologist who had studied at the University of Berlin. He concluded that all behavior is caused by stimulation. In 1863, he wrote Reflexes of the Brain.

	false;
Many fathers find that once their baby learns to say "daddy" they begin to call all men by this name. This is an example of:

	generalization;
According to Freud, people use … (such as projection or displacement) in order to protect themselves from becoming overwhelmed by feelings of anxiety and developing some type of personality disorder.

	defense mechanisms;
According to Allport, the personality traits that affect every aspect of a person's life but are very rare (for example, altruism being a personality trait of Mother Theresa) are called:

	cardinal traits;
Freud used the analogy of a horse and rider (the horse is more powerful, but the rider must attempt to steer or guide the horse in a direction that it will find satisfying, but still maintain safety) to describe the relationship between:

	id and reality;
	id and superego;
	id and ego;
	ego and superego;
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of personality theory?

	describe abnormal behavior;
	organize personality characteristics;
	explain variability in personalities;
	identify and describe healthy personalities;
Although he was at one point Freud's favorite student, Carl Jung eventually broke away from Freud because of Freud's conviction that the … urge or drive was the most influential in the development of personality.

	libido;
	death instinct (Thanatos);
	life sustaining (Eros);
	sex;
According to the psychoanalytic perspective, all of the components of personality lack a sense morality except the:

	superego;
According to psychoanalytic theory, the Id is the innate primitive component of personality which contains all of our instincts, is completely on the unconscious level, and operates according to the:

	pleasure principle;
The letter … just before I … back.

had come … arrived;

iss Higley said that Elizabeth … friendly in working hours.

	will be;
	has been;
	was;

She said that Betty … anything about her plans.

	didn't say;
I knew that once he … a well-known specialist in his field.

	is
	had been
	will be
	was
But Poirot said that she … more than she had told us.

	knew;
Poirot asked her if Mrs. Ascher … any peculiar letters without a proper signature.

	was received
	will receive;
	received;
	had received;
I thought that Mrs. Fowler … us everything.

	will tell;
	had told;
	told;
	was told;
The dominant perspective in modern psychology is the … perspective, which is a combination of the Gestalt and Behaviorist perspectives. It is like Gestalt Psychology because it identifies the importance of how the mind perceives and organizes information. It is like the Behaviorist perspective because the need for controlled experimental studies is important to understand human behavior and thought properly.

	cognitive;
	Psychoanalytic;
	Humanistic;
	Behaviorist;
The idea that to obtain true knowledge, this knowledge must be acquired through one of the senses is known as:

empiricism;

Прочитайте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение: Introspection was the main method of behaviorism. The method that Wundt developed is a sort of experimental introspection: The researcher was to carefully observe some simple event -- one that could be measured as to quality, intensity, or duration -- and record his responses to variations of those events. (Note that in German philosophy at that time, sensations were considered psychological events, and therefore “internal” to the mind, even though the sensation is of something that is “outside” the mind. Hence what we might call observation was called by introspection.

	true;
According to Abraham Maslow and the … perspective, a person's individual subjective experience of the world is the most important subject matter in Psychology and the only way to really understand human behavior and thought.

	humanistic;
	behaviorist;
	cognitive;
	psychoanalytic;
Cognitive psychology investigates the mind by using …

	Biological approach;
	Introspective;
	computer;
… is the feeling that you are leaving exactly the same experience as one you have had before.

deja vu;

Прочитайте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение?

It was John Watson who introduced behaviorism in the US.

Behaviorism, introduced by John Watson, was the most important of all approaches that investigated "minds" and proposed that psychology should investigate only observable behavior if it wanted to be an objective science. This approach dominated experimental psychology until 1950's when a strong interest in the 'mind' developed in the form of the cognitive and humanistic approaches. Representatives of these approaches argued that behaviorism ignored all the most important and interesting things that go on in our heads.

false;

According to this Psychological school of thought, to understand human behavior and thought, one must understand the unconscious mind and the key events that happened early in life that influence the unconscious mind. What is this school of thought?

	Functionalism;
	Behaviorism;
	Psychoanalysis;
	Structuralism;
Прочитайте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение? John Watson advocated psychoanalyses. Behaviorism, introduced by John Watson, was the most important of all approaches that investigated "minds" and proposed that psychology should investigate only observable behavior if it wanted to be an objective science. This approach dominated experimental psychology until 1950's when a strong interest in the 'mind' developed in the form of the cognitive and humanistic approaches. Representatives of these approaches argued that behaviorism ignored all the most important and interesting things that go on in our heads.

false;

Before this school of thought came about, the main focus of Psychology was to study the unconscious and how the unconscious mind is affected by early life experiences. However, this school of thought stated that the only events that should be studied in Psychology are those that are observable directly; since the unconscious is not observable directly, it should not be studied. What is this school of thought?

	Functionalism;
	Gestalt;
	Structuralism;
	Behaviorism;
This school of thought stated that Psychologists should study the many different components of the mind independently, because in order to understand how the conscious mind works, we must understand all of its individual parts completely. What is this school of thought?

	Structuralism;
According to Skinner, during … a pleasant stimulus should be given after the operant response has been made (for example, a food reward should be given after a rat presses a lever), while in …, an aversive stimulus should be removed after the operant response has been made.

positive reinforcement … negative reinforcement;

Прочитатйте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение: Behaviorism focused its attention on the unconscious. Behaviorism is the philosophical position that says that psychology, to be a science, must focus its attentions on what is observable -- the environment and behavior -- rather than what is only available to the individual -- perceptions, thoughts, images, feelings.... The latter are subjective and immune to measurement, and therefore can never lead to an objective science.

	false;
In his classic studies, when Pavlov presented the bell (CS) continuously without the presentation of the meat powder (US), the dog's salivation decreased due to a process called:

	extinction;
	stimulus generalization;
	reinforcement;
	spontaneous recovery;
A rat is placed on a reinforcement schedule on which it gets food rewards every time it (the rat) presses the lever a total of 130 times (so if it pressed the lever 260 times, it would get rewarded twice). This type of schedule is a:

	fixed ratio;
In a learning situation, … is the behavior actually observed; whereas … is inferred from the behavior.

	overt … covert;
	performance … cognition;
	performance … Learning;
	learning … performance;
Прочитайте текст и ответьте верно ли утверждение: The main interests of behaviorists is environment and behavior. Behaviorism is the philosophical position that says that psychology, to be a science, must focus its attentions on what is observable -- the environment and behavior -- rather than what is only available to the individual -- perceptions, thoughts, images, feelings.... The latter are subjective and immune to measurement, and therefore can never lead to an objective science.

	true;
During the … stage of psychosexual development the sexual energy (libido) is focused in the penis and the vagina, and the individual is directed toward engaging in intercourse.

	genital;
According to Albert Bandura, an individual's sense of self-worth and success in adjusting to the world is called:

	unconditional positive self regard;
	self-efficacy;
	self worth;
	self actualization;
The behavioral theory of personality that is based on seeking out and processing information about the environment, and then using imitation, in order to maximize favorable outcomes is the:

	social learning theory;
According to psychoanalytic theory, the Id is the innate primitive component of personality which contains all of our instincts, is completely on the unconscious level, and operates according to the:

	pleasure principle;
He … in the house he … for himself near the Devon coast.

	lived … built
	lived … had built
	had lived … had built
	had lived … built
The form of learning in which a response increases because reinforcement is presented after the desired response is given, and is concerned primarily with nonreflexive behaviors (meaning the behaviors are voluntary and controllable by the organism) is called:

	classical conditioning extinction;
	operant conditioning;
	cognitive responding;

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