Нам нужно около 50 слов о том, что изображает диаграмма.
Например, начнём так
The graph shows some information on the …in … (8)
The data are available for the period from … to … (9)
Из этого мы делаем следующее предложение:
In the three pie charts we can see some changes in spending for a school in the UK for the years of 1981, 1991 and 2001. (26)
Далее, все spending разделены на пять частей. Их нужно заявить в первом абзаце.
The total spending is divided into five types. Namely they are insurance, teachers’ and other workers’ salaries, spending on study resources and furniture plus equipment. (25)
Всё, план на первый абзац выполнен.
Ещё пример. Та же книга, тест №4, стр. 101. В задании имеем.
The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.
Здесь подходит первый вариант, который мной приводился.
The graph shows some information on the goods transported in the United Kingdom by four kinds of transport. Namely they are road transport, water one, railway and pipelines. The data are available for the 29-year period from 1974 to 2002. (40)
● Шаблоны
Например, такие, посмотрите:
As an overall trend it can be clearly seen that… was significantly higher than that of…
As an overall point it can be clearly seen that… experienced a gradual decrease while that one of… rose steadily.
As it is shown by the graph/chart… with the exception of the period from… to…
The figure for (Tunisia) was by far the highest at close to…
Применим эти фразы к приведённым выше примерам. Получаем:
Test 2
As an overall trend it can be clearly seen that teachers’ salaries were significantly higher than all the other types of spending. The figure for them was (by far the highest) varying from two fifths in 1981 to half in 1991 and settling at 45% in 2001. (43)
Whereas insurance share stayed the smallest over the whole period of the study but rising steadily starting at just 2% in 1981 and quadrupling to 8% by the year 2001. (30)
Test 4
As an overall trend it can be clearly seen that the quantity of goods carried by road transport was significantly higher than all the other three starting at around 70 million tonnes at the beginning of the time of the study and reaching the level of just under 100 million at the end of it. It was nearly four times higher than that transported by pipelines, for example, which just exceeded 20 million tonnes in 2002. (76)
As it is shown by the graph all the types of transport experienced a gradual increase with the exception of railroad during the twenty-year period from 1978 to 1998 when it was losing up to a third of its quantity. (40)
● Доли, проценты
- используйте доли, проценты, увеличения в разы (shares, percentage, two thirds, three quarters, twice, 3 times)
- после указания примерной величины, приведите точные цифры, подтверждающие ваше высказывание
…rose by nearly half or by 3,500 units to be exact.
Теперь, как это написать. Например, так:
Test 2
It is interesting to note that study resources and spending on furniture & equipment had the same shares back in 1981 at 15% each but in ten years’ time the latter dropped dramatically three times to only 5% whereas the former rose a bit and stabilized at a fifth of the spending in 1991. And these seem to be the most unstable ones as in 2001 the situation changed again and furniture and equipment took nearly a quarter or 23% of the spending, while study resources did not reach even a tenth and stayed at 9%. (96)
Test 4. [30]
It is interesting to note that railroad and water transport had nearly the same figures back in 1974 which were both around 40 million tonnes. Whereas the latter had risen more than by half by 2002 and come to over 60 million the former had had some ups and downs and by the same year just exceeded its level of the year of 1974. (64)
Test 2. Task1.
In the three pie charts we can see some changes in spending for a school in the UK for the years of 1981, 1991 and 2001. The total spending is divided into five types. Namely they are insurance, teachers’ and other workers’ salaries, spending on study resources and furniture plus equipment.
As an overall trend it can be clearly seen that teachers’ salaries were significantly higher than all the other types of spending. The figure for them was (by far the highest) varying from two fifths in 1981 to half in 1991 and settling at 45% in 2001. Whereas insurance share stayed the smallest over the whole period of the study but rising steadily starting at just 2% in 1981 and quadrupling to 8% by the year 2001.
It is interesting to note that study resources and spending on furniture & equipment had the same shares back in 1981 at 15% each but in ten years’ time the latter dropped dramatically three times to only 5% whereas the former rose a bit and stabilized at a fifth of the spending in 1991. And these seem to be the most unstable ones as in 2001 the situation changed again and furniture and equipment took nearly a quarter or 23% of the spending, while study resources did not reach even a tenth and stayed at 9%. (220)
Test 4. Task1.
The graph shows some information on the goods transported in the United Kingdom by four kinds of transport. Namely they are road transport, water one, railway and pipelines. The data are available for the 29-year period from 1974 to 2002.
As an overall trend it can be clearly seen that the quantity of goods carried by road transport was significantly higher than all the other three starting at around 70 million tonnes at the beginning of the time of the study and reaching the level of just under 100 million at the end of it. It was nearly four times higher than that transported by pipelines, for example, which just exceeded 20 million tonnes in 2002.
As it is shown by the graph all the types of transport experienced a gradual increase with the exception of railroad during the twenty-year period from 1978 to 1998 when it was losing up to a third of its quantity.
It is interesting to note that railroad and water transport had nearly the same figures back in 1974 which were both around 40 million tonnes. Whereas the latter had risen more than by half by 2002 and come to over 60 million the former had had some ups and downs and by the same year just exceeded its level of the year of 1974. (219)
Тема из Cambridge IELTS Examination Papers № 8, Test 1, Task 2, стр. 31
Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.
Ещё одна тема из Cambridge IELTS Examination Papers № 8, Test 2, Task 2, стр. 54
Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relation people make?
Has that become a positive or negative development?
Абзац 1
Начну я с той же фразы, которой начинал каждое своё сочинение мой ученик, который несколько лет назад уехал в Австралию, получил гражданство и сейчас оканчивает курсы, чтобы подтвердить свой медицинский диплом.
Almost any day of the week you can look at a newspaper and read articles discussing…
There are several controversial points of view on this issue…
The first regards… as harmful due to some probability that…
An alternative point is based on the advantages of…
или
Problems relating to… in general have always been one of the topical issues of all over the world. How should we deal with deciding whether…
Discussing this controversial question it is impossible to give one well-defined answer for sure.
Таким образом, имея три-четыре абзаца, мы должны «упаковывать» в каждый по 60-90 слов. Первые абзацы по объёму готовы уже на две трети. Остальные слова добираем из темы. Итого, имеем.
Test 1
Almost any day of the week you can look at a newspaper and read articles discussing how to make our children good members of our society. There are several controversial points of view on this issue. The first regards schools as harmful in this respect due to some probability that is difficult to find individual approaches to every child and prefers to turn to family as the best option to do this job. An alternative point is based on the advantages of schools as social institutions to teach this. (89)
Test 2
Problems relating to new technologies in general have always been one of the topical issues of all over the world. How should we deal with them especially when it comes to relations that people make? How do they affect us? Are there more positive or rather negative effects in all that? Discussing these controversial questions it is impossible to give one well-defined answer for sure. (66)
Обратите внимание на замену this на these при переходе от единственного числа question к множественному числу questions – распространённая ошибка.
Переходим к написанию Абзаца 2 и Абзаца 3. Какие шаблонные фразы могу предложить?
On the one hand, it is obvious that…
It does not matter whether you like it or not you have to recognize the fact that…
Probably nobody would argue that…
I think each country should have a law regulating…
And some countries are carrying out the policy which aims at encouraging…
For example, some Asian countries have adopted this approach and the vast majority of people living there welcome it.
Presumably, this very attitude is one of the most sensible and results in an adequate way to resolve a lot of problems.
However, this attitude may cause a lot of concerns among people who believe that…
Nobody can deny that it is impossible to replace…with…totally.
From my point of view it makes sense definitely.
But it is necessary to take into account all the circumstances of each individual case.
Of crucial importance, in my opinion, is how we define the matter in question.
Therefore it may remain for many a desirable ideal rather than an achievable reality.
This is the second point of view that I am in favour of, although I also realize how difficult it is to achieve sometimes.
И несколько идей для заключительного абзаца, если таковой вдруг напишется.
Абзац 4
It is impossible to estimate all the benefits and drawbacks of…
In any case, an attitude to this issue always depends on a particular person’s character and his or her personal circumstances or background.
But I firmly believe that individuals have no right to stand aside.
We should say whether we agree or disagree with what is going on in this area.
Итак, Test 1
On the one hand, it is obvious that parents are the ones who are always close to their children. And they can find individual approaches to them and share their own experience. It does not matter whether you like it or not you have to recognize the fact that we are like our relatives and likely to follow their way in becoming good or bad members of our society as well. So their experience, whether successful or not, may be of the prime value for us. (86)
However, this attitude may cause a lot of concerns among people who believe that only schools are able to deliver all the information necessary to become true members of the society with long history. Ordinary people may lack knowledge and skills to teach anything even to their own children. Moreover, schools can be taken as models of the society which students are going to join in their adulthood. So these institutions may be considered the best for the job. (79)
From my point of view it makes sense definitely. In any case, an attitude to this issue always depends on a particular person’s character and his or her personal circumstances or background. (32)
Итак, Test 2
On the one hand, it is obvious that IT allows us to get in touch with each other more easily.
Probably nobody would argue that it is an advantage. We can make new fiends from quite a wide range of places even on the other continents. But what is more important for me, for example, I can daily contact my family living thousands kilometers away by Skype. From my point of view it makes sense definitely. It helps me stay aware of my family’s circumstances and brings me closer to my mum and dad. (95)
However, this attitude may cause a lot of concerns among people who believe that it is not real communication. Nobody can deny that it is impossible to replace face-to-face conversations with virtual ones totally. Of crucial importance, in my opinion, is how we define the matter in question. Going back to my point of ‘distant’ friends, are they real friends? People who you never see in person come to your life and sometimes may influence your decisions, for instance. I would stay quite cautious about that. But it is necessary to take into account all the circumstances of each individual case. (101)
I think it is impossible to estimate all the benefits and drawbacks of technology affecting our relations with different people.
(20)
Итого, имеем, привожу полный текст сочинений:
Test 1
Almost any day of the week you can look at a newspaper and read articles discussing how to make our children good members of our society. There are several controversial points of view on this issue. The first regards schools as harmful in this respect due to some probability that it is difficult to find individual approaches to every child and prefers to turn to family as the best option to do this job. An alternative point is based on the advantages of schools as social institutions to teach this.
On the one hand, it is obvious that parents are the ones who are always close to their children. And they can find individual approaches to them and share their own experience. It does not matter whether you like it or not you have to recognize the fact that we are like our relatives and likely to follow their way in becoming good or bad members of our society as well. So their experience, whether successful or not, may be of the prime value for us.
However, this attitude may cause a lot of concerns among people who believe that only schools are able to deliver all the information necessary to become true members of the society with long history. Ordinary people may lack knowledge and skills to teach anything even to their own children. Moreover, schools can be taken as models of the society which students are going to join in their adulthood. So these institutions may be considered the best for the job.
From my point of view it makes sense definitely. In any case, an attitude to this issue always depends on a particular person’s character and his or her personal circumstances or background. (287)
То же сочинение, но цветом выделены шаблонные фразы и подчёркнуты фразы, взятые из пояснения к заданию, из темы.
Test 1
Almost any day of the week you can look at a newspaper and read articles discussing how to make our children good members of our society. There are several controversial points of view on this issue. The first regards schools as harmful in this respect due to some probability that it is difficult to find individual approaches to every child and prefers to turn to family as the best option to do this job. An alternative point is based on the advantages of schools as social institutions to teach this.
On the one hand, it is obvious that parents are the ones who are always close to their children. And they can find individual approaches to them and share their own experience. It does not matter whether you like it or not you have to recognize the fact that we are like our relatives and likely to follow their way in becoming good or bad members of our society as well. So their experience, whether successful or not, may be of the prime value for us.
However, this attitude may cause a lot of concerns among people who believe that only schools are able to deliver all the information necessary to become true members of the society with long history. Ordinary people may lack knowledge and skills to teach anything even to their own children. Moreover, schools can be taken as models of the society which students are going to join in their adulthood. So these institutions may be considered the best for the job.
From my point of view it makes sense definitely. In any case, an attitude to this issue always depends on a particular person’s character and his or her personal circumstances or background.
Слов из шаблона – 147. Из 140 слов, написанных на экзамене, 20 взяты из пояснения к заданию. И только 120 придумано на месте.
Обратите внимание, насколько просты фразы, набранные чёрным шрифтом. Это те фразы, которые придуманы на месте, они не взяты из шаблона или описания задания. Все сложные фразы этого сочинения – это части шаблона. Если у вас достойный шаблон, на экзамене можно не заморачиваться.
Test 2
Problems relating to new technologies in general have always been one of the topical issues of all over the world. How should we deal with them especially when it comes to relations that people make? How do they affect us? Are there more positive or rather negative effects in all that? Discussing these controversial questions it is impossible to give one well-defined answer for sure.
On the one hand, it is obvious that IT allows us to get in touch with each other more easily.
Probably nobody would argue that it is an advantage. We can make new fiends from quite a wide range of places even on the other continents. But what is more important for me, for example, I can daily contact my family living thousands kilometers away by Skype. From my point of view it makes sense definitely. It helps me stay aware of my family’s circumstances and brings me closer to my mum and dad.
However, this attitude may cause a lot of concerns among people who believe that it is not real communication. Nobody can deny that it is impossible to replace face-to-face conversations with virtual ones totally. Of crucial importance, in my opinion, is how we define the matter in question. Going back to my point of ‘distant’ friends, are they real friends? People who you never see in person come to your life and sometimes may influence your decisions, for instance. I would stay quite cautious about that. But it is necessary to take into account all the circumstances of each individual case.
I think it is impossible to estimate all the benefits and drawbacks of technology affecting our relations with different people. (282)
То же сочинение, но цветом выделены шаблонные фразы, подчёркнуты фразы из темы.
Test 2
Problems relating to new technologies in general have always been one of the topical issues of all over the world. How should we deal with them especially when it comes to relations that people make? How do they affect us? Are there more positive or rather negative effects in all that? Discussing these controversial questions it is impossible to give one well-defined answer for sure.
On the one hand, it is obvious that IT allows us to get in touch with each other more easily.
Probably nobody would argue that it is an advantage. We can make new fiends from quite a wide range of places even on the other continents. But what is more important for me, for example, I can daily contact my family living thousands kilometers away by Skype. From my point of view it makes sense definitely. It helps me stay aware of my family’s circumstances and brings me closer to my mum and dad.
However, this attitude may cause a lot of concerns among people who believe that it is not real communication. Nobody can deny that it is impossible to replace face-to-face conversations with virtual ones totally. Of crucial importance, in my opinion, is how we define the matter in question. Going back to my point of ‘distant’ friends, are they real friends? People who you never see in person come to your life and sometimes may influence your decisions, for instance. I would stay quite cautious about that. But it is necessary to take into account all the circumstances of each individual case.
I think it is impossible to estimate all the benefits and drawbacks of technology affecting our relations with different people.
Слов из шаблона – 177. Из 105 слов, написанных на экзамене, 8 взяты из пояснения к заданию. И только 97 придумано непосредственно на экзамене.
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