1. 1492 (October, 12) - Christopher Columbus' expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean and lands on Guanahani, but believes he has reached the East Indies.
2. 1776 - On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress, still meeting in Philadelphia, declared the independence of "the United States of America" in the Declaration of Independence. July 4 is celebrated as the nation's birthday.
3. 1861-1865 - The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States (among other names), was a civil war in the United States of America.
4. Abolition – the compulsory ending of slavery in the USA
5. "All men are created equal, and they have certain unalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness". - The quotation "All men are created equal" is arguably the best-known phrase in any political document of the United States of America. Thomas Jefferson first used the phrase in the Declaration of Independence as a rebuttal to the going political theory of the day: the Divine Right of Kings.
6. Neil Armstrong - (born August 5, 1930) is an American aviator and a former astronaut, test pilot, aerospace engineer, university professor, and United States Naval Aviator. He was the first person ever to set foot on the Moon.
7. Articles of Confederation - was the first written constitution of the United States of America and specified how the national government was to operate.
8. "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country". - Kennedy gave his inaugural address after being sworn in as the thirty-fifth President of the United States on January 20, 1961.
9. Baby boom – the period from the late 1940’s to the early 1960’s marked by a great increase in the nation’s birthrate
10. George Bush - George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009.
11. Bill of Rights - The Bill of Rights is the name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. They were introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of legislative articles.
12. John Booth - was an American stage actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865.
13. Boston Tea Party -a raid in 1773 made by citizens of Boston (disguised as Indians) on three British ships in the harbour as a protest against taxes on tea and the monopoly given to the East India Company. The contents of several hundred chests of tea were dumped into Boston harbour
14. Jimmy Carter - served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981) and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office.
15. Charlie Chaplin - was an English comic actor, film director and composer best-known for his work during the silent film era. He became one of the most famous film stars in the world before the end of the First World War.
16. Civil War (1861-1865) -
17. Civil rights movement - was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law occurring between approximately 1950 and 1980.
18. Cold War - was the continuing state of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition existing after World War II (1939–1945) between the Communist World – primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies – and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States and its allies.
19. Confederacy – the league of Southern states that seceded from the US in 1860 & 1861: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, & Virginia
20. Constitution of the US - the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.
21. D-Day - is a term often used in military parlance to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. The best known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day of the Normandy landings — initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II.
22. Declaration of Independence - is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire.
23. Walt Disney - was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon,[2] and philanthropist. Disney is famous for his influence in the field of entertainment during the 20th century.
24. Dwight Eisenhower (David) - was a five-star general in the United States Army and the 34th President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961.
25. Emancipation Proclamation - is an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced.
26. 4th of July - Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.
27. Gold Rush of 1849 - The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California.[1] News of the discovery brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.[2] Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half came overland.
28. Great Depression (1929) - was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s.
29."I have a dream" - is a 17 minute public speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered on August 28, 1963, in which he called for racial equality and an end to discrimination.
30. Integration - is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. Desegregation was long a focus of the American Civil Rights Movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military (See Military history of African Americans). Racial integration of society was a closely related goal.
31. Jamestown - was a settlement located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony. Founded as "James Fort" on May 14, 1607, it was the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States of America.
32. Thomas Jefferson - was the third President of the United States (1801–1809) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776).
33. JFK - was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
34. Johnson, Lyndon B. - was a US politician who served as the 36th President of the United States (1963-1969) after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States (1961-1963). He is one of four people who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President and President.
35. Abraham Lincoln - served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis—the American Civil War.
36. Martin Luther King - was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world.
37. Ku Klux Klan – a secret society of white men founded in the Southern states after the Civil War to reestablish and maintain white supremacy
38. Labor Day - is a United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September
39. "The Mayflower" - was the ship that transported the English Separatists, better known as the Pilgrims, from a site near the Mayflower Steps in Plymouth, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, (which would become the capital of Plymouth Colony), in 1620.
40. Memorial Day - is a United States federal holiday observed on the last Monday of May. Formerly known as Decoration Day, it commemorates U.S. soldiers who died while in the military service.
41. Mexican War (1846-1848) - was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory.
42. Minutemen – members of the American citizen army at the time of the Revolution who volunteered to be ready for military service at a minute’s notice
43. Richard Nixon - was the 37th President of the United States, in office from 1969 to 1974. He served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961, the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency. A member of the Republican Party, he was the only President to resign the office.
44."The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” - This speech was delivered at Roosevelt's inauguration in Washington on March 4 1933
45. Pearl Harbor - is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet.
46. Pilgrims – members of the band of English Puritans who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620.
47. Plymouth colony - was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts.
48. Prohibition – the forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
49. Puritans – members of a Protestant group in England & the American colonies who, in the 16th & 17th centuries, wanted to make the Church of England simpler in its services & stricter about its morals
50. Ronald Reagan - was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989), the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975) and prior to that, an actor.
51. Reconstruction - the period after the Civil War, when economy and social structures were rebuilt.
52. Franklin Delano Roosevelt - was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.
53. Segregation (to segregate) – to set apart from others or from the main mass or group; to isolate, specifically, to impose a system of segregation on racial groups, social facilities.
54.”The shot heard round the world” - The line is originally from the opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Concord Hymn" (1837), and referred to the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. The war began when someone pulled the trigger in an armed stand-off between British forces and local militia, turning civil disorder into the battles of Lexington and Concord.
55. Stars and Stripes – a nickname for the flag of the USA. The fifty stars on the flag represent the 50 states and the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies.
56. The 13 colonies - were British colonies established on the Atlantic coast of North America between 1607 and 1733. They declared their independence in the American Revolution and formed the United States. The colonies were: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence.
57. Harry S. Truman - was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953).
58. The Union - During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty free states and five border slave states. It was opposed by 11 Southern slave states that had declared a secession to join together to form the Confederacy.
59. Watergate – the building complex in Washington D.C., housing Democratic party headquarters, which were burglarized in June of 1972 under the direction of government officials; the scandal that involved officials violating the public trust through bribery, burglary and other abuses of power in order to maintain their positions as government officials
60. Wild West - comprises the history, geography, people, lore, and cultural expression of life in the Western United States, most often referring to the period of the later half of the 19th century, between the American Civil War and the end of the century.
61. Amendment - is a change to the constitution of a nation or a state.
62. Bill
63. The Capitol - is the meeting place of the United States Congress, the legislature of the federal government of the United States. Located in Washington, D.C.
64. Checks and Balances – the system in which each branch of the government checks or restrains the other branches
65. CIA - Central Intelligence Agency; a federal US bureau created in 1947 to coordinate and conduct espionage and intelligence activities
66. Congress - is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
67. Conservative – the political outlook favoring a cautious, traditional approach
68. Corporation - is a legal entity that is created under the laws of a State designed to establish the entity as a separate legal entity having its own privileges and liabilities distinct from those of its members.
69. "Et pluribus unum" - is a dictum on the Seal of the United States, adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782.
70. Election - is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office
71. Executive Branch - is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy.
72. FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation; an agency of the Justice Department responsible for investigating violations of Federal laws.
73. Federal Government - is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. The federal government comprises three distinct branches of government, a legislature, an executive and a judiciary.
74. Feminist movement – the movement organized to help women gain equal rights. Especially strong in 60-70’s, it was instrumental in strengthening the role of women in American society.
75. Free enterprise – the economic doctrine or practice of permitting private industry to operate under freely competitive conditions with a minimum of governmental control
76. Governor - is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state. In federations, a governor may be the title of each appointed or elected politician who governs a constituent state.
77. Inauguration - is a formal ceremony to mark the beginning of a leader's term of office. An example is the ceremony in which the President of the United States officially takes the oath of office.
78. House of Representatives - is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.
79. The Democratic Party – one of the two major political parties in the United States. It emerged in the late 1820’s from a split in the Democratic –Republican party, which had, in turn, developed from the Republican party led by Thomas Jefferson
80. Inflation – an increase in the amount of money & credit in relation to the supply of goods & services; an excessive or persistent increase in the general price level resulting from the increased money supply & causing a decline in purchasing power
81. Impeachment - is an expressed power of the legislature that allows for formal charges against a civil officer of government for crimes committed in office. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself.
82. The Judicial Branch - is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes.
83. Lobby – a person or group, representing a special interest, which tries to influence legislators
84. Legislative Branch – the branch of the government composed of elected representatives who enact laws
85. Liberal – a person whose political beliefs tend to favor experimentation and change, reform of inequalities, and an active role for the federal government.
86. Local Government - refers collectively to administrative authorities over areas that are smaller than a state.
87. NASA -National Aeronautics and Space Administration - is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research.
88. Pentagon - is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia.
89. Pledge of Allegiance - is an oath of loyalty to the national flag and the republic of the United States of America, originally composed by Francis Bellamy in 1892.
90. Primary Election - is an election in which party members or voters select candidates for a subsequent election.
91. President - is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces
92. The Republican Party – persons who, in 1792, followed the Jefferson-Madison group known as Democratic-Republicans. This party was a forerunner of the current Democratic party. The Republican party of today was organized in 1854
93. Secretary of State - uniquely refers to the official responsible for foreign policy, the analogue of the foreign secretary or foreign minister of a country that has one or the other. The U.S. Secretary of State is head of the United States Department of State.
94. Senate - is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress.
95. State Government - is the government of a subnational entity in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government.
96. Statue of Liberty - is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue has become an iconic symbol of freedom and of the United States.
97. "The Star Spangled Banner" - is the national anthem of the United States of America.
98. The Supreme Court – is the highest court in the federal court system. It deals with matters pertaining to the federal qovernment, disputes between states, and interpretation of the US Constitution.
99. Uncle Sam - is a common national personification of the American government originally used during the War of 1812. He is depicted as a stern elderly man with white hair and a goatee beard.
100. Veto – the constitutional right or power of a ruler or legislature to reject bills passed by another branch of the government
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