MODALS
1. A gap between the industrialized and the developing nations … lead even to a confrontation.
a) are able
b) have
c) may
d) were able
2. As part of cultural evolution, science … be allowed to develop freely.
a) must
b) had to
c) was able
d) are able to
3. Scientists … to prove the hazardous effect of production and the plant operation was stopped.
a) must
b) can
c) may
d) were able
4. Only some … argue that the development technology has brought benefit to people.
a) is able
b) have to
c) may
d) had
5. During the 1990s, the university … to add a substantial number of new laboratories.
a) must
b) can
c) may
d) was able
6. Society … to deal with its both good and bad sides.
a) must
b) can
c) may
d) has
7. They are not sure if these new technological processes … be very effective.
a) am able
b) may
c) was able
d) have
8. Most scientists become experts in a very narrow field, and often … think in a broader context.
a) cannot
b) mustn’t
c) will have to
d) is able to
9. Scientists … contribute to the welfare of mankind and world peace.
a) must
b) mustn’t
c) has to
d) was able to
10. Our scientists … to complete a lot of engineering tasks.
a) must
b) might
c) have
d) can
11. If you want to get a patent for new scientific invention, you … follow a certain procedure.
a) should
b) has to
c) was able to
d) is able to
12. We … continue to educate new generation of scientists for development of new technologies.
a) have
b) should
c) might
d) was able to
13. FORTRAN was one of the first programming languages in which the programmer does not … deal with 0s and 1s.
a) must
b) have to
c) can
d) may
14. The Internet was made so that you … learn, explore and have fun.
a) could
b) was able
c) has to
d) is able to
15. Computers... be found at school, in libraries, and at most places of work and play.
a) have
b) has to
c) can
d) was able to
16. We … update programs to keep with modern technologies.
a) should
b) was able to
c) might
d) has to
17. Technology … have had big effects on lifestyle throughout human history.
a) have to
b) mustn’t
c) must
d) was able
18. You … send an e-mail unless you are connected to the Internet.
a) has to
b) can't
c) is able to
d) must
19. Sometimes it … be difficult or impossible to open files or documents that are sent with an email.
a) can
b) have to
c) were able to
d) mustn’t
20. Nowadays scientists … to not only conduct research but also pay attention to its effects on the environment.
a) must
b) have
c) can
d) could
21. One of the best things about mobile phones is that you … send written messages to your friends using the phone.
a) can
b) must
c) is able to
d) has to
22. One disadvantage of mobile phones is that because of weakness of sound waves you … stay connected to the cellular network in some areas.
a) mustn’t
b) can’t
c) is able to
d) has to
23. There were so many companies offering mobile phone and internet services that we … to think hard to decide on one.
a) must
b) had
c) can
d) could
24. We … make a lot of money by setting up a purely internet-based company in the nineties.
a) could
b) is able to
c) has to
d) was able to
25. I am afraid in such a difficult situation research and development … suffer.
a) is able to
b) has to
c) might
d) musted
26. Scientists … calculate and correct the orbits of satellites with the help of computers.
a) was able to
b) can
c) might
d) is able to
27. Thanks to the remote control devices one person … control the operation of the most complex machinery.
a) can
b) was able
c) are able to
d) have to
28. The distance between the Earth and the Moon … change.
a) have to
b) were able to
c) was able
d) may
29. By means of a special microscope, biologists … examine the smallest organisms.
a) has to
b) can
c) was able to
d) might
30. The fourth-year students … regularly inform the Physics instructor of their scientific experiments.
a) must
b) has to
c) may
d) could
31. Our team … work on that device.
a) are able to
b) must
c) might
d) were able
32. In his experimental work any research worker … apply the necessary safety measures.
a) have to
b) must
c) could
d) are able to
33. Man … live and work both in spaceship and outside it in space.
a) must
b) have to
c) can
d) might
34. A radio-engineer … know radio, radar and TV equipment perfectly.
a) have to
b) must
c) might
d) was able to
35. Scientists, engineers and other experts … calculate the orbits of satellites with the help of electronic computers.
a) was able to
b) might
c) is able to
d) could
36. You … carry out this experiment using the technique developed in our laboratory.
a) might
b) is able to
c) should
d) was able to
37. Everyone … to do his duty.
a) must
b) has
c) should
d) can
38. I … to do some extra work now because one of my colleagues is having a holiday.
a) have
b) must
c) should
d) can
39. We … carry out this experiment because we have all the necessary equipment.
a) have
b) can
c) is able to
d) might
40. Las t year we didn’t have the equipment and, therefore, … not do the job.
a) must
b) can
c) was able t
d) could
41. … I take your pen for a minute?
a) Must
b) Might
c) May
d) Have
42. You … do it by all means.
a) should
b) has to
c) might
d) was able to
43. They … test the engine twice last week.
a) must
b) had to
c) can
d) may
44. I … to translate the article from English into Ukrainian.
a) must
b) can
c) could
d) am able
45. Scientists … to create new materials.
a) must
b) can
c) have
d) could
46. Engineers … create new technologies.
a) have
b) might
c) must
d) was able to
47. Man … to create new sources of energy.
a) had
b) must
c) can
d) could
48. These substances … be used in agriculture.
a) have
b) are able
c) was able to
d) can
49. The properties of this element … be described in detail.
a) have
b) must
c) are able
d) was able to
50. Last year a large number of experiments … be made on electrons of the given speed.
a) must
b) can
c) had to
d) may
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