1. Сравните определения заболевания «Гепатит» на английском и русском

Hepatitis

I. Introductory part

1. Сравните определения заболевания «Гепатит» на английском и русском

языках.

Hepatitis - inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, toxic substances, or immunological abnormalities. H.A. (epidemic h.) is transmitted by contaminated food or drink. Symptoms include fever, sickness, jaundice. H.B. is transmitted by infected blood or blood products, contaminating hypodermic needles, blood transfusions, or by.sexual contacts. Symptoms include headache, fever, chills, general weakness, and jaundice.

ГЕПАТИТЫ ВИРУСНЫЕ (греч. hepar, hepatos печень + -itis) - инфекционные болезни, характеризующиеся преимущественным поражением печени, протекающие с интоксикацией и в части случаев с желтухой.

Различают вирусный гепатит А (син. инфекционный гепатит), вирусный гепатит В (син. сывороточный гепатит), вирусный гепатит С (син. вирусный гепатит ни А, ни В с парентеральным механизмом передачи), вирусный гепатит D (син. дельта-вирусная инфекция) и вирусный гепатит Е (син. вирусный гепатит ни А, ни В с фекально-оральным механизмом передачи). Вирусные гепатиты имеют самостоятельное значение; их не следует смешивать с гепатитами, которые вызываются вирусами желтой лихорадки, инфекционного мононукпеоза, герпеса, цитомегапии, энтеровирусами и др.

2. Запомните ключевые слова и выражения

Key words and word combinations
Inflammation of the liver	Воспаление печени
Immunological abnormalities	Иммунологические отклонения
^Sickness	Тошнота
Jaundice	Желтуха
Blood products	Кровезаменители
Serum hepatitis	Сывороточный гепатит
Yellow fever	Жёлтая лихорадка
Infectious mononucleosis	Инфекционный мононуклеоз
Herpes	Герпес v
Cytomegalia	Цитсмегалия

3. Просмотрите «Introductory text»

Introductory text

HEPATITIS

Inflammation of the liver.

Symptoms: Severe loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, fatigue. Abdominal discomfort or pain, jaundice (yellow skin jcOlor). Fever is common in the infectious forms, as is a particular aversion to cigarette smoking.

Cause: Several groups of causes, including viral infections, alcohol and other drugs, and toxic substances.

Severity of Problem: Hepatitis is usually a disease that lasts weeks to months. It may slowly disappear, leaving little permanent damage, or progress to cirrhosis and scarring. One form, called fulminant hepatitis, or acute yellow atrophy, leads to death rather quickly because of overwhelming liver failure.

Contagious? The infectious (viral) forms are.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment for any of the forms of hepatitis. Rest, avoidance of anything (especially alcohol) that-wjll add further injury to the liver cells and a diet that is high in carbohydrates and contains adequate calories.

Prevention: Depends on the cause.

Discussion: While infection and alcohol are by far the most common causes of hepatitis, toxic hepatitis due to environmental toxins (like carbon tetrachloride, for example) and many drugs must be considered as possible causes whenever a person has symptoms that suggest hepatitis. Try to avoid unnecessary exposure to toxic drugs and chemicals.

HEPATITIS—VIRAJ_

Inflammation of the liver due to infection with one of a number of viruses known to cause this problem. There are several distinct types of viral hepatitis.

Symptoms: The early phases of hepatitis seem similar to any other viral illness, including "flu." There is fever, general aches and pains, nausea and vomiting, sometimes sore throat and headache. Loss of appetite is very severe, often way out of proportion to the amount of illness, and cigarettes taste especially bad. After about a week the fever falls, and jaundice appears, along with abdominal discomfort, especially in the right upper abdomen. The stools may appear light in color and the urine dark yellow or brown. There is profound fatigue and weakness, often accompanied by weight loss because of the loss of appetite and vomiting.

Cause: This type of hepatitis is caused by infection of the cells of the liver by certain viruses. There are several distinct types of hepatitis, based on both the course of the disease and the viruses that are found. Hepatitis A, previously called "infectious hepatitis," appears about two to six weeks after contact with someone who has it and lasts for several weeks to several months. Hepatitis B, previously called "serum hepatitis," appears six weeks to six months after contact and can last much longer, with a person carrying the virus for months to years. A recently recognized type of hepatitis, called non- A, non-B hepatitis, is known to be caused by a virus, but not by the previously indentified kinds. Hepatitis can also be caused by viruses that produce other diseases, such as infectious mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus disease.

Severity of Problem: Hepatitis is always a potentially serious disease that can progress to chronic hepatitis or permanent liver damage. It is also a public health hazard, because it is quite contagious and is often transmitted to others before a person knows he or she is ill.

Contagious? Yes, all forms of viral hepatitis are contagious. Hepatitis A virus is found in the stool and urine and is passed by contact with contaminated food. It is contagious for as long as two weeks before a person is iH and for several weeks after that. Hepatitis В is most often passed from one person to another through blood transfusions or shared drug paraphernalia but can also be transmitted through sexual contact and in saliva. (Hepatitis В is a particularly difficult disease among male homosexuals.) Hepatitis В is prevalent in certain groups of Orientals and can be passed from a carrier or infected

through

mother to an unborn or newborn infant. N©n-A, non-B hepatitis is

blood transfusions and is the most common cause of post-transfusion hepatitis.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment for viral hepatitis. Rest, avoidance of

strenuous activity, a well-balanced, adequate diet and avoidance of substances that can

further injure the liver (alcohol, certain drugs) are important.

Prevention: All forms of viral hepatitis are preventable by avoiding contact with
persons who have the disease, especially by avoiding contact with their secretions.
However, this is often not practical. While screening of donated blood will identify certain
forms of hepatitis (hepatitis B), other forms cannot yet be identified. Injection of gamma
globulin is helpful for people who have had known household exposure to someone with
hepatitis A. There is a vaccine available (licensed in 1982) for use in people with particular
risk for hepatitis B. *

Discussion: Hepatitis in infants and children (especially hepatitis A) can be a "silent"
illness—that is, the child may have what lodes like intestinal flu (acute gastroenteritis)
without ever becoming jaundiced. It is orrfy when adults in the household become i with
jaundice that the real disease is identified. Hepatitis A is easily spread in group-care
situations where babies are not yet toilet-trained.

4 Дайте английские эквиваленты сочетаний, указанных в графах таблицы

Hepatitis

Symptoms

Потеря аппетита.
Тошнота.

Рвота.

Слабость.

Боль в животе.
Желтуха. _________

Cause

Вирусные инфекции.
Алкоголь.

Лекарства.

Токсические вещества.

Treatment

I

Покой.

Диета.

Viral hepatitis

Symptoms

Cause

Симптомы, похожие на грипп.
Лихорадка.

Ломота в теле.

Тошнота.

Рвота.

Боль в горле.

Головная боль.

Потеря аппетита.

Желтуха.

Боли в правой верхней части живота.
Бледный «стул».

Тёмная моча.

Утомляемость.

Слабость.

Потеря веса.

Инфицирование клеток печенц вирусами.

Treatment

Покой.

Дата добавления: 2015-09-29