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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. London is the capital of England, Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff— of Wales and Belfast — of Northern Ireland. The UK is a small country with an area of some 244,100 square kilometres. It occupies only 0.2 per cent of the world's land surface. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north-west, north and south-west and separated from Europe by the North Sea in the east and by the English Channel in the south. The Strait of Dover is the narrowest part of the Channel. The North Sea and the English Channel are often called "the narrow seas"; they are not deep but are frequently rough.
In the west the Irish Sea and the North Channel separate the UK from Ireland. The seas around Britain provide exceptionally good fishing grounds. The country has many bays favourable for shipping. In their shelter are Britain's main ports such as London, Liverpool, Glasgow and others.
One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4,406 feet high. The longest river is the Severn in England.
The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people.
The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, the country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron
saint of Ireland.
Theзэ
Unitedюˈнайтид
Kingdomˈкиндэм
ofов
GreatГрей
Britainˈбритн
andэнд
Northernˈнозэн
Irelandˈайэлэнд
theзэ
UKю-кей
occupiesˈокьюпайз
mostмоуст
ofов
theзэ
territoryˈтеритэри
ofов
theзэ
Britishˈбритиш
Islesайлз
. Itит
consistsкэнˈсистс
ofов
fourфо
mainмейн
partsпатс
: Englandˈинглэнд
Scotlandˈскотлэнд
, Walesуэйлз
andэнд
Northernˈнозэн
Irelandˈайэлэнд
. Londonˈландэн
isиз
theзэ
capitalˈкэпитл
ofов
Englandˈинглэнд
, Edinburghˈединбрэ
isиз
theзэ
capitalˈкэпитл
ofов
Scotlandˈскотлэнд
, Cardiffˈкадиф
— ofов
Walesуэйлз
andэнд
Belfastˈбелфаст
— ofов
Northernˈнозэн
Irelandˈайэлэнд
. Theзэ
UKю-кей
isиз
aэ
smallсмол
countryˈкантри
withуиз
anэн
areaˈеэриэ
ofов
someсам
244,100 squareскуээ
kilometresˈкилоуˌмитэз
. Itит
occupiesˈокьюпайз
onlyˈоунли
0.2 perпё
centсент
ofов
theзэ
world'sуёлдз
landлэнд
surfaceˈсёфис
. Itит
isиз
washedуошт
byбай
theзи
Atlanticэтˈлэнтик
Oceanˈоушэн
inин
theзэ
northнос
-westуэст
, northнос
andэнд
south-westˈсaусˈуэст
andэнд
separatedˈсепэрейтид
fromфром
Europeˈюэрэп
byбай
theзэ
North нос
Seaси
inин
theзи
eastист
andэнд
byбай
theзи
Englishˈинглиш
Channelˈчэнл
inин
theзэ
southсaус
. Theзэ
Straitстрейт
ofов
Doverˈдавэр
isиз
theзэ
narrowestˈнэроуист
partпат
ofов
theзэ
Channel
ˈчэнл
. Theзэ
Northнос
Seaси
andэнд
theзи
Englishˈинглиш
Channelˈчэнл
areар
oftenˈофэн
calledколд
"theзэ
narrowˈнэроу
seasсиз ";
theyзей
areа
notнот
deepдип
butбат
areа
frequentlyˈфрикуэнтли
roughраф
.Inин
theзэ
westуэст
theзи
Irishˈайэриш
Seaси
andэнд
theзэ
Northнос
Channelˈчэнл
separateˈсеприт
theзэ
UKю-кей
fromфром
Irelandˈайэлэнд
. Theзэ
seasсиз
aroundэˈрaунд
Britainˈбритн
provideпрэˈвайд
exceptionallyикˈсепшэнли
goodгуд
fishingˈфишин
groundsгрaундз
. Theзэ
countryˈкантри
hasхэз
manyˈмени
baysбейз
favourableˈфейвэрэбл
forфо
shippingˈшипин
.Inин
Theirзеэ
shelterˈшелтэр
areа
Britain'sˈбритнз
mainмейн
portsпотс
suchсач
asэз
Londonˈландэн
, Liverpoolˈливэˌпул
, Glasgowˈглазгоу
andэнд
othersˈазэз.
. Oneуан
willуил
notнот
findфайнд
veryˈвери
highхай
mountainsˈмaунтинз
orо
largeладж
plainsплейнз
inин
Greatгрейт
Britainˈбритн
. Everythingˈеврисин
occupiesˈокьюпайз
veryˈвери
littleˈлитл
placeплейс
Natureˈнейчэ
, itит
seemsсимз
, hasхэз
carefullyˈкеэфли
adaptedэˈдэптид
thingsсинз
toту
theзэ
sizeсайз
ofов
theзи
islandˈайлэнд
itselfитˈселф
.Theзэ
highestˈхайист
mountainˈмaунтин
isиз
Ben бен
Nevisˈнивис
inин
Scotlandˈскотлэнд
, 4,406 feetфит
highхай
. Theзэ
longestˈлонгист
riverˈривэр
isиз
theзэ
Severnˈсевэн
inин
Englandˈинглэнд
.Theзэ
populationˌпопьюˈлейшэн
ofов
theзэ
United юˈнайтид
Kingdomˈкиндэм
isиз
overˈоувэ
57 millionˈмильэн
peopleˈпипл
. Theзи
officialэˈфишэл
languageˈлэнгуидж
ofов
theзэ
Unitedюˈнайтид
Kingdomˈкиндэм
isиз
Englishˈинглиш
. Butбат
inин
westernˈуэстэн
Scotlandˈскотлэнд
someсам
peopleˈпипл
stillстил
speakспик
Gaelicˈгейлик
andэнд
inин
northernˈнозэн
andэнд
centralˈсентрэл
partsпатс
ofов
WalesУэйлз
peopleˈпипл
oftenˈофэн
speakспик
Welshуэлш
.Theзэ
UKю-кей
isиз
aэ
highlyˈхайли
developedдиˈвелэпт
industrialинˈдастриэл
countryˈкантри
. Itит
isиз
knownноун
asэз
oneуан
ofов
theзэ
world'sуёлдз
largestˈладжист
Producers прэˈдьюсэз
andэнд
exportersексˈпотэз
ofов
machineryмэˈшинэри
, electronicsилекˈтроникс
, textileˈтекстайл
, aircraftˈеэкрафт
, andэнд
navigation ˌнэвиˈгейшэн
Equipment иˈкуипмэнт
. One уан
ofов
theзэ
chiefчиф
industriesˈиндэстриз
ofов
theзэ
countryˈкантри
isиз
shipbuildingˈшипˌбилдин
.Theзэ
U
Kю-кей
isиз
aэ
constitutionalˌконстиˈтьюшэнл
monarchyˈмонэки
. Inин
lawло
, Headхед
ofов
theзэ
Stateстейт
isиз
Queenкуин
. Inин
practiceˈпрэктис
, theзэ
country ˈкантри
isиз
ruledрулд
byбай
theзи
electedиˈлектид
governmentˈгавнмэнт
withуиз
theзэ
Primeпрайм
Ministerˈминистэр
atэт
theзэ
headхед
. Theзэ
Britishˈбритиш
Parliament ˈпалэмэнт
consistsкэнˈсистс
ofов
twoту
chambersˈчеймбэз
: theзэ
Houseхaус
ofов
Lordsлодз
andэнд
theзэ
Houseхaус
ofов
Commonsˈкомэнз
.There зеэр
areа
threeсри
mainмейн
politicalпэˈлитикэл
partiesˈпатиз
inин
Greatгрейт
Britainˈбритн
: theзэ
Labourˈлейбэ
, The зэ
Conservativeкэнˈсёвэтив
andэнд
theзэ
Liberal
ˈлибэрэл
partiesˈпатиз
.Theзэ
flagфлэг
ofов
theзэ
Unitedюˈнайтид
Kingdomˈкиндэм
, knownноун
asэз
theзэ
Unionˈюньэн
Jackджэк
, isиз
madeмейд
upап
ofов
three сри
crossesˈкросиз
. Theзэ
bigбиг
redред
cross крос
is из
the зэ
crossкрос
ofов
Saintсейнт
Georgeджодж
, theзэ
patronˈпейтрэн
saintсейнт
ofов
England ˈинглэнд
. Theзэ
whiteуайт
crossкрос
isиз
theзэ
crossкрос
ofов
Saintсейнт
Andrewˈэндру
, theзэ
patronˈпейтрэн
saintсейнт
ofов
Scotlandˈскотлэнд
. TheЗэ
red ред
diagonalдайˈэгэнл
crossкрос
isиз
theзэ
crossкрос
ofов
Saintсейнт
Patrickˈпэтрик
, theзэ
patronˈпейтрэн
saintсейнт
ofов
Irelandˈайэлэнд.
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Recogida del grupo en el aeropuerto de Madrid-Barajas, 12,45 hrs. | | | 1. Look at the pictures and answer the following questions: |