City for Eco-Village Construction

City for Eco-Village Construction

Criteria for site selection:

· Existence of potential sources of renewable energy such as wind, solar energy, etc.

Ø Amount of sun days or annual average temperature;

Ø Velocity of the wind;

· Rainfall rate (collection and use of rain water decreases dependence on water supply)

· Air pollution rate (eco-village in the city will reduce the waste to environment, thus ecological condition of atmosphere may be balanced)

· Average salary in the city (to be able to buy passive house)

· Suitable nature for harmony and comfort (i.e. trees, sea, forest, etc)

The most important criterion to build eco-village is the existence of renewable sources such as solar energy and wind. Since without them, eco-village may not represent its implied efficiency and usefulness. Eco-village contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emission, since air pollution rate is the second important criteria. The next important criterion is the rainfall rate to deal with effective water supply and management. Remaining criteria are relevant: they do not have as much influence as the first three.

Considered cities of Kazakhstan:

· The cities of North Kazakhstan have severe climate in winter. This will need extra heat supply, which requires extra expenses. So, they should be excluded.

· The cities of East Kazakhstan: Semey, Ust-Kamenogorsk

· The cites of South Kazakhstan: Almaty, Taraz, Shymkent

· The cities of West Kazakhstan: Aktau, Atyrau, Aktobe

· The cities of Central Kazakhstan: Kokchetau, Karaganda, Astana

T-annual average temperature (in ᵒC)

V-annual average velocity of the wind (in m\s)

Table 1. Cities of Kazakhstan according to criteria above

City	T	V	Rainfall rate	Level of air pollution	Average salary
Astana	3.1 ᵒC	3.8 m\s	307 mm	Moderate	159 000 tg
Almaty	10 ᵒC	1-2 m\s	684 mm	High	150 799 tg
Aktau	15.2 ᵒC	4.8 m\s	300 mm (not exact)	Moderate	206 000 tg
Atyrau	9.9 ᵒC	4.1 m\s	175 mm	Moderate	194 000 tg
Aktobe	5.3 ᵒC	2.4 m\s	333 mm	High	100 000 tg
Taraz	11.2 ᵒC	2.3 m\s	327 mm	High	low
Shymkent	13 ᵒC	2.2 m\s	576 mm	High	low
Semey	4.3 ᵒC	2.3 m\s	275 mm	Moderate	low
Ust-Kamenogorsk	2.91 ᵒC	2.4 m\s	410 mm	High	110 000 tg
Karaganda	3.8 ᵒC	3.8 m\s	332 mm	High	108 000 tg
Kokchetau	3.5 ᵒC	2.6 m\s	397 mm	low	90 000 tg

The data about average temperature, wind velocity, rainfall rate, and average salary was taken from the Internet. The level of air pollution was noted as high, moderate and low according to the table in the appendix.

Table 2. Results

City	T	V	Rainfall rate	Level air pollution	Average salary
Astana	−	+	−	+	+
Almaty	+	−	+	+	+
Aktau	+	+	−	+	+
Atyrau	+	+	--	+	+
Aktobe	−	−	−	+	−
Taraz	+	−	−	+	−
Shymkent	+	−	+	+	−
Semey	−	−	−	+	−
Ust-Kamenogorsk	−	−	+	+	−
Karaganda	−	+	−	+	−
Kokshetau	−	−	+	−	−

Step 1: According to Table 2, more suitable cities for eco-village are Astana, Almaty, Aktau and Atyrau.

Step 2: However, taking into account importance of criteria, Atyrau and Aktau are more suitable because of high temperature and wind velocity.

Step 3: Rainfall rate is more in Aktau than in Atyrau.

Therefore, the best city for eco-village is Aktau. Moreover, location of this city (near Caspian Sea) gives the advantage as keeping good climate conditions. Furthermore, even though, some indications of criteria are low comparing to other cities, this city should be chosen for the first experience of eco-village, since its indication is average.

Appendix

Fig1. Air pollution index in the cities of Kazakhstan in 2009

Source: Национальный доклад о состоянии окружающей среды в Республике Казахстан

Дата добавления: 2015-09-29