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5 < K 5 @ 5 A B 8 B C B 8 2 = K <? @ 0 2 > < > B = > H 5 = 8 O A 2 O 7 K 2 0 N B 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 0 A > 1 I 5 A B 2 > <: > A 2 5 = = K < > 1 @ 0 7 > <.
‑ A > 1 > 5 < 5 A B > 2 @ 5 A B 8 B C B 8 2 = > <? @ 0 2 5 7 0 = 8 < 0 5 B: > >? 5 @ 0 B 8 2 = > 5? @ 0 2 >, @ 5 3; 0 < 5 = B 8 @ C N I 5 5 > B = > H 5 = 8 O A > B @ C 4 = 8 G 5 A B 2 0 < 5 6 4 C 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 0 < 8,? @ > 8 A B 5: 0 N I 8 5 8 7 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0.
‑ ' ! /! ‑ ‑! ",.
‑ @ 3 0 = 8 G 5 A: 0 O A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B L A 8 < 2 >; 8 7 8 @ C 5 B A O: > >? 5 @ 0 B 8 2 = K < (@ 5 A B 8 B C B 8 2 = K <)? @ 0 2 > <.
‑ = 0? @ > 8 A B 5: 0 5 B 8 7 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0 (8 A > > B 2 5 B A B 2 5 = = > @ > A B 0 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 C 0; L = K E @ 0 7; 8 G 8 9).
":
2 2 8 4 0? @ 0 2 0 5? @ 5 A A 8 2 = > 5
5 A B 8 B C B 8 2 = > 5 (: > >? 5 @ 0 B 8 2 = > 5)
1! 0 =: F 8 8 5? @ 5 A A 8 2 = 0 O (= 0: 0 7 0 = 8 5)
$ 5 A B 8 B C B 8 2 = 0 O (2 > A A B 0 = > 2; 5 = 8 5? >; > 6 5 = 8 O 2 5 I 5 9) 0 2 2 8 4 0 A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B 8 % ' ! / (? @ > 8 A B 5: 0 5 B 8 7 A E > 4 A B 2 0)‑ ' ! / (? @ > 8 A B 5: 0 5 B 8 7 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0, B.5. 8 7 @ 0 7; 8 G 8 9)
; O @ 0 7; 8 G = K E A > F 8 0; L = K E B 8? > 2 E 0 @ 0: B 5 @ 5 = @ 0 7 = K 9 C 4 5; L = K 9 2 5 A (=@ >; L =7 = 0 G 8 < > A B L) M B 8 E 4 2 C E 2 8 4 > 2 A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B 8, 2 K @ 0 6 0 N I 8 9 A O 2 > B = > A 8 B 5; L = > < > 1 J 5 < 5 (A > > B = > H 5 = 8 8 > 1 J 5 < > 2) 4 2 C E 2 8 4 > 2? @ 0 2 0 2 A > 2 >: C? = > 9 A 8 A B 5 < 5? @ 0 2 > 2 > 3 > @ 5 3 C; 8 @ > 2 0 = 8 O.
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
‑ % ‑ ‑ " % ' ! ‑! ‑ ‑! " ‑ ' ! ‑.
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
" 5 E 0 = 8 G 5 A: 0 O A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B L, A C I 5 A B 2 C N I 0 O 2 = 0 G 0; 5 > 4 = 0, 8; 8? > G B 8 > 4 = 0,? > A B 5? 5 = = > C B @ 0 G 8 2 0 5 B? > G 2 C; < 0; > -? > < 0; C 1 5 @ 5 B 2 5 @ E > @ 3 0 = 8 G 5 A: 0 O A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B L: B 0: > 2 8 A B > @ 8 G 5 A: 8 9 7 0: > = " [1, A. 166].
% ' ! /! ‑ ‑! ",
‑ ' ! /! ‑ ‑! ",
? @ 5 > 1; 0 4 0 = 8 5
@ 5 A B 8 B C B 8 2 = > 3 >
? @ 0 2 0
? @ 5 > 1; 0 4 0 = 8 5 @ 5 ? @ 5 A A 8 2 = > 3 >? @ 0 2 0 [A > F 8 0; L = > 5 = @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = > 5 ]
"? 0 4 5 = 8 5 >? @ 5 4 5; 5 = = > A B 8 8 8 = B 5 = A 8 2 = > A B 8: >;; 5: B 8 2 = K E? @ 5 4 A B 0 2; 5 = 8 9 =? 0 4 5 = 8 5 A 8; K @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = > 3 > 2 > 7 4 5 9 A B 2 8 O; A C 6 5 = 8 5 A D 5 @ K @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = K E? @ 5 A B C?; 5 = 8 9;
A 5 3 < 5 = B 0 @ = 0 O A B @ C: B C @ 0 [> @ 4 0,:; 0 = ]
A; > 6 = 0 O
A > F 8 0; L = 0 O
A B @ C: B C @ 0
> A 2 > 1 > 6 4 5 = 8 5 M: > = > < 8 G 5 A: > 9,
? >; 8 B 8 G 5 A: > 9, = 0 C G = > 9 A D 5 @ 8 7
? > 4 @ 5; 8 3 8 > 7 = > 3 > 2; 8 O = 8 O;
@ 0 7 2 8 B 8 5 A > F 8 0; L = > 9 A B @ C: B C @ K > B A 5 3 < 5 = B 0 @ = > 3 > B 8? 0: A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = > < C;
@ 0 7 2 8 B 8 5 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 C 0; L = > A B 8, A 2 O 7 0 = = > 5 A @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 5 < B @ C 4 0 8 A C 6 5 = 8 5 < A D 5 @ K: >;; 5: B 8 2 = > 3 > A > 7 = 0 = 8 O;
C 2 5; 8 G 5 = 8 5 A?; 0 G 8 2 0 N I 5 9 D C =: F 8 8 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O
B @ C 4 0; 2 > 7 @ 0 A B 0 = 8 5 @ >; 8? @ > D 5 A A 8 > = 0; L = > 9 A @ 5 4 K
2 D > @ < 8 @ > 2 0 = 8 8 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 0, 8 B.?.
9. " 5 > @ 8 O "@ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O > 1 I 5 A B 2 5 = = > 3 > B @ C 4 0 ":
D C =: F 8 O @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0, 5 3 >? @ 8 G 8 = K 8
0 = > @ < 0; L = K 5 D > @ < K
A A; 5 4 > 2 0 = 8 5 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O > 1 I 5 A B 2 5 = = > 3 > B @ C 4 0? > A B @ > 5 = > N @: 3 5 9 < > < 2? >; = > < A > > B 2 5 B A B 2 8 8 A? @ 0 2 8; 0 < 8 A > F 8 >; > 3 8 G 5 A: > 3 > < 5 B > 4 0, 8 7; > 6 5 = = K < 8 2 @ 0 1 > B 5 " 5 B > 4 A > F 8 >; > 3 8 8 ":
> A B 0 = > 2: 0? @ > 1; 5 < K: @ 0 A B C I 0 O A? 5 F 8 0; 8 7 0 F 8 O B @ C 4 0, 0 = > < 8 G 5 A: > 5 A > A B > O = 8 5 A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = > 3 > > 1 I 5 A B 2 0 (: @ 8 7 8 A = K 5 O 2; 5 = 8 O,:; 0 A A > 2 0 O 1 > @ L 1 0 8 B.?.).
A A; 5 4 > 2 0 = 8 5 D C =: F 8 8 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0.
A A; 5 4 > 2 0 = 8 5? @ 8 G 8 = 8 C A; > 2 8 9 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0.
; 0 A A 8 D 8: 0 F 8 O D > @ < @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0:
= > @ < 0; L = 0 O D > @ < 0 8 0 = > @ < 0; L = K 5 (? 0 B >; > 3 8 G 5 A: 8 5) D > @ < K.
$ # & / / " #
(‑ @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 8 > 1 I 5 A B 2 5 = = > 3 > B @ C 4 0 [1, A.51-216].
$ C =: F 8 O @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0 = C A B 0 = > 2; 5 = 8 5 G C 2 A B 2 0 A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B 8 (0 8 < 5 = = >, > @ 3 0 = 8 G 5 A: > 9 A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B 8):
"...8 A B 8 = = 0 O D C =: F 8 O 5 3 > A > 7 4 0 2 0 B L < 5 6 4 C 4 2 C < O 8; 8 = 5 A: >; L: 8 < 8; N 4 L < 8 G C 2 A B 2 > A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B 8 " [1, A.58].
" < 5 = = > @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 5 B @ C 4 0 2 A 5 1 >; 5 5 8 1 >; 5 5 8 A? >; = O 5 B @ >; L,: > B > @ C N = 5: > 3 4 0 8 A? >; = O; > > 1 I 5 5 A > 7 = 0 = 8 5; 8 < 5 = = > > = > 3; 0 2 = K < > 1 @ 0 7 > < C 4 5 @ 6 8 2 0 5 B 5 4 8 = A B 2 > A > F 8 0; L = K E 0 3 @ 5 3 0 B > 2 2 K A H 8 E B 8? > 2 " [1, A. 166].
! B @ C: B C @ = K 5 8 7 < 5 = 5 = 8 O > 1 I 5 A B 2, 2 K 7 K 2 0 O @ > A B 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 C 0; L = > A B 8, 2 A 5 1 > ; 5 5 A C 6 0 N B A D 5 @ C: > = B @ >; 8 @ C N I 5 3 > 4 5 9 A B 2 8 O > 1 I 5 3 > A > 7 = 0 = 8 O.
" < 5 = = > > = > [@ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 5 B @ C 4 0 ] G 0 I 5 2 A 5 3 > 4 5; 0 5 B A?; > G 5 = = K < 8 > 1 I 5 A B 2 0, 2 = C B @ 8: > B > @ K E < K 6 8 2 5 <. < 5 = = > > = > B 0: 6 5 >? @ 5 4 5; O 5 B A C I 5 A B 2 5 = = K 5 G 5 @ B K 8 E A B @ C: B C @ K. 2 A 5 7 0 A B 0 2; O 5 B? @ 5 4? >; 0 3 0 B L, G B > 2 1 C 4 C I 5 < 5 3 > @ >; L A M B > 9 B > G: 8 7 @ 5 = 8 O 1 C 4 5 B = 5 A > < = 5 = = > 2 > 7 @ 0 A B 0 B L " [1, A. 183].
0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 5 B @ C 4 0? > @ > 6 4 0 5 B @ > A B > @ 3 0 = 8 G 5 A: > 9 A >; 8 4 0 @ = > A B 8 (G B > 2 K @ 0 6 0 5 B A O 2 @ 0 7 2 8 B 8 8: > >? 5 @ 0 B 8 2 = > 3 > B @ C 4 0):
" 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 5 B @ C 4 0? > @ > 6 4 0 5 B N @ 8 4 8 G 5 A: 8 5? @ 0 2 8; 0, >? @ 5 4 5; O N I 8 5? @ 8 @ > 4 C 8 > B = > H 5 = 8 O @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = = K E D C =: F 8 9, = > = 0 @ C H 5 = 8 5 M B 8 E? @ 0 2 8; 2; 5 G 5 B 7 0 A > 1 > 9 B >; L: > 2 > A A B 0 = > 2 8 B 5; L = K 5 < 5 @ K..." [1, A.214]
' + / " # [1,!.217-327]
0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 5 B @ C 4 0? > @ > 6 4 0 5 B A O? @ 8 G 8 = 0 < 8 < > @ D >; > 3 8 G 5 A: > 3 >? > @ O 4: 0 (A B @ C: B C @ = K < 8 8 7 < 5 = 5 = 8 O < 8 > 1 I 5 A B 2):
= @ 0 7 2 8 B 8 5 @ 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 O B @ C 4 0 A >? @ O 6 5 = > A 8 A G 5 7 = > 2 5 = 8 5 < "A 5 3 < 5 = B 0 @ = > 9 " A B @ C: B C @ K = 3 @ 0 = 8 F K "A 5 3 < 5 = B > 2 " A B 0 = > 2 O B A O "? @ > = 8 F 0 5 < K < 8 ", A > F 8 0; L = K 5: > = B 0: B K < 5 6 4 C 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 0 < 8 2 K E > 4 O B 7 0? @ 5 4 5; K A 5 3 < 5 = B > 2, C < = > 6 0 5 B A O: > ; 8 G 5 A B 2 > A > F 8 0; L = K E A 2 O 7 5 9.
" 0 7 4 5; 5 = 8 5 B @ C 4 0? @ > 3 @ 5 A A 8 @ C 5 B, A B 0; > 1 K B L, B 5 < 1 >; 5 5, G 5 < 1 >; L H 5 G 8 A; > 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 > 2,: > B > @ K 5 = 0 E > 4 O B A O 2 4 > A B 0 B > G = > < A >? @ 8: > A = > 2 5 = 8 8, G B > 1 K 8 < 5 B L 2 > 7 < > 6 = > A B L 2 > 7 4 5 9 A B 2 > 2 0 B L 4 @ C 3 = 0 4 @ C 3 0 " [1, A.239].
' + / " # :
(1) > A B "< > @ 0; L = > 9 " (8; 8 4 8 = 0 < 8 G 5 A: > 9)?; > B = > A B 8 %
= @ > A B: >; 8 G 5 A B 2 0 < 5 6 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 C 0; L = K E: > = B 0: B > 2.
" @ 8 > A = > 2 = K E A? > A > 1 0 "? @ > 3 @ 5 A A 8 2 = > 3 > C?; > B = 5 = 8 O > 1 I 5 A B 2 ":
> = F 5 = B @ 0 F 8 O = 0 A 5; 5 = 8 O (@ > A B?; > B = > A B 8 = 0 A 5; 5 = 8 O =: >; 8 G 5 A B 2 0 8 = 4 8 2 8 4 > 2, 6 8 2 C I 8 E = 0 5 4 8 = 8 F 5?; > I 0 4 8).
‑ 1 @ 0 7 > 2 0 = 8 5 8 @ 0 7 2 8 B 8 5 3 > @ > 4 > 2 (= B > G 5:? > 2 K H 5 = = > 9: > = F 5 = B @ 0 F 8 8 A > F 8 0; L = > 9 < 0 A A K).
0 7 2 8 B 8 5 A @ 5 4 A B 2: > < < C = 8: 0 F 8 8 (B @ 0 = A? > @ B = > 3 > A > > 1 I 5 = 8 O 8 A 2 O 7 8)
// " 0 B 5 @ 8 0; L = 0 O " 8 "< > @ 0; L = 0 O "?; > B = > A B L B 5 A = > A 2 O 7 0 = K (> 4 = >? > @ O 4 -: > 2 K 5 O 2; 5 = 8 O).
(2) > A B > 1 J 5 < 0 > 1 I 5 A B 2:
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