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Exercise 1. Translate into Russian.
a) personal vs personnel
1. The letter was marked "Personal".
2. The president made a personal visit to the local university and spoke with the students.
3. These are my personal belongings.
4. The personnel department deals with recruitment and problems of the staff.
5. She gave up her job for personal reasons.
6. We need to change the management personnel of the company
b) give up smth
1.... finally, he gave up smoking.
2.... in the end, he gave up his job.
3.... but she didn't give up hope.
4.... to my regret she gave up her studies.
Exercise 2. Answer these questions using: interest, to be of interest, to arouse interest, to show an interest, to have (an) interest, to express (an) interest, to lose interest
1. How can one arouse employer's interest?
2. Do you show an interest in politics?
3. What subjects on your curriculum are of particular interest to you?
4. What are your interests and hobbies?
5. Are people losing all interest in election?
Exercise 3. Answer the questions, using:
а) relations (отношения), attitude (отношение)
1. Do people have a more relaxed attitude to their work these days?
2. Are attitudes towards older people changing in our country?
3. With what countries do we traditionally have good relations?
b) to succeed in (smth, doing smth)
1. What skills do people need to succeed in today's economy/in finance/in business?
2. What personal qualities do people need to succeed as managers?
3. Do you hope to succeed in the career you've chosen?
4. Do you always succeed in examinations?
Exercise 4. Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box. Some words are used not only once.
Most people... a third of their lives at work. So it is important for people to... their work. And enjoying work means choosing the right career in the first place.
People in Britain can... work at the age of sixteen, though many young people stay at school after this age. When young people... school at the age of sixteen they can... a low-paid job working in a shop or a factory. At the same time they can... one day a week at a college of further education. Many young people wishing to... a practical skill - for example, car mechanics, hairdressers etc. — do this. At the end of their college training they... a qualification. It is a good beginning to... a career because such young people have... practical experience in their job which is important for their promotion.
2. abilities, to liquidate, to communicate, respect, conditions, fostering, industry, praised, relationship, to shape, to regard, attitude, capacity.
1) One of the most important tasks of the Revolution was … illiteracy in Russia.
2) Russian school creates the best possible … education for the younger generation.
3) We must envisage the … of feeling of patriotism.
4) To make his work more successful a teacher should … his pupils’ interests.
5) Together with education pupils learn how … with each other.
6) His report was good and the teacher … him.
7) I … him for his broad erudition and knowledge.
8) Thanks to his … he could prepare for exams in a short period of time.
9) What is your … to this new teaching method?
10) Many films tell about … between teachers and pupils.
11) Children’s …can be developed in the course of studies.
12) The teacher helps … a child’s character
13) Psychologists say that there is no limit to the … of our memory
Exercise 5. Read the text, insert prepositions where necessary, say what the Employment Service in Britain does for people seeking jobs.
There are many ways in which people find jobs. These include replying... advertisements in the national, local or specialist press, direct approaches... employers and through a job centre or employment agency.
A lot of governments provide a range of services...job seekers... employment services.
The Employment Service in Britain gives information... job opportunities, vocational training programs, about how to raise skill levels. Much attention is given... school-leavers, students, and graduates who are seeking jobs because... some areas of Britain a lot of young people are out of work. There are areas with high youth unemployment. The British government has introduced a large number... programs to give school-leavers and young people a better chance... getting full-time or part-time jobs. Besides, those who fail to find a job, get unemployment benefits.
American students are also fond... getting temporary or part-time jobs, especially... the summer. Many students work as counselors in summer camps... young children. Most students work... supermarkets or in fast food restaurants. Others take jobs as messengers, delivery people or sales clerks. Occasionally, students work... some of these jobs during the school year as well as during the summers.
Exercise 6. Match the pairs of equivalents from two columns:
| cushy job | не пыльная работа |
| demanding job | ответственная работа |
| out of job | постоянная работа |
| full-time job | Низкооплачиваемая работа |
| menial job | работа на не полный рабочий день |
| part-time job | работа на полный рабочий день |
| steady job | без работы |
Text 1
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
TEACHER’S PROFESSION.
Teaching is a very difficult job of great responsibility and most specific character. There is a wide variety of work in teaching. A good teacher is not only a communicator of knowledge but a model of competence. He forms attitudes to his subject and attitudes to learning, becoming himself a symbol of education process, a person who is learning as well as teaching. While communicating with children a teacher studies them closely to discover their interests, their strengths and weaknesses, their needs and abilities. Thus a good teacher always regards capacities his pupils have, trying to temper his teaching methods to children’s abilities and aptitudes. He builds his work upon what he learns about his children.
An environment should be created to stimulate children to develop their abilities and satisfy their interests. “Climate” of a classroom depends on the nature of personal relationships between a teacher and his pupils. These relationships should be founded on respect for a person. Thus a primary condition of creating a good atmosphere in class is that everybody in it respects everybody in it. Teacher’s authority will be ensured by respect of his pupils, because his knowledge and skill are greater and better coordinated and his thinking is at a higher level than that of his pupils. His commands are likely to be respected and obeyed then.
It is a purpose of education to liquidate ignorance. But it is also the function of education to help children to live in the community, to prepare them for real life situations. Social development is paid just as much attention to as intellectual development. School becomes a place of work and play, of living and learning. A teacher takes an active part in shaping of a child’s character, fostering honesty, kindness, loyalty, cooperation and respect for ideals.
Quintilian, the prominent Roman school master, wrote in his work published about 95 AD the following about a teacher and his work: “Let him adopt a parental attitude to his pupils. Let him be free from vice himself. Let him be strict but not austere, kind but not too familiar: for austerity will make him unpopular while familiarity breeds contempt. He must control his temper without shutting his eyes to faults requiring correction. His instruction must be free from affection, his industry great, his demands on class continuous, but not extravagant. He must be ready to answer questions. In praising the answers of his pupils he must be neither grudging nor over-generous. In correcting faults he must avoid sarcasm and above all abuse to discourage industry.”
Here is an exacting job, but those who are well equipped for it will have a happy and satisfying life.
Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences from the text.
1. Teaching is …
2. Thus a good teacher always regards …
3. “Climate” of a classroom …
4. Teacher’s authority …
5. A teacher takes an active part …
6. School becomes …
Exercise 3. Explain the meaning of:
A communicator of knowledge, to temper teaching methods to children’s capacities, climate of a classroom, social development, to be free from vice, familiarity breeds contempt, neither grudging nor over-generous, those who are well equipped for this job.
Exercise 4. Combine words into sentences and translate into Russian.
1. upbringing, a, should, children’s, all, regard, of, teacher, aspects.
2. is, respect, of, necessary, part, pupils, the, teacher, and, on.
3. development, and, provided, physical, for, social, the, conditions, full, psychological, are, child’s.
4. the, regarded, teacher, generally, and, treated, as, friend, a, is
5. discover, on, school, new, a, entering, children, world.
6. with, character,, child’s, growing up, of, along, shaping, his, goes.
7. helps, a, communicate, play, peers, child, his, with, to.
8. school, attitude, a, forms, in, positive, to, pupils, labour.
Exercise 5. Answer the following questions.
1. What can you say in general about teacher’s work?
2. A teacher forms attitudes to his subject and to learning, doesn’t he?
3. What does a teacher have to regard in his job?
4. Is it necessary for a teacher to know his pupils’ abilities and aptitudes? Why?
5. Why is it important to create a good atmosphere in class?
6. What does “climate” of a classroom depend on?
7. Should personal relationships between the teacher and pupils be founded on respect or fear?
8. What do children mostly respect their teacher for?
9. When are teacher’s commands likely to be obeyed?
10. What are the chief tasks of education?
11. Which qualities does the teacher foster in children?
12. Do you think that school should become a place of living and learning?
13. When does teaching bring satisfaction and happiness?
Exercise 8. Say whether you agree with Quintilian’s words about the teacher’s work. Prove your point.
Text 2
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