1) INDICATIVE M. => a real FACT

MOOD

1) I NDICATIVE M. => a real FACT

I always take an umbrella with me.

2) IMP E RATIVE M. => an appeal/an order

Take an umbrella with you, (please)!

To take smth => take it!

3) SUBJ U NCTIVE M. => if

If it rained, I would take an umbrella => unreal condition

Если бы пошел дождь, то я бы взял зонт. =>

But it doesn’t rain.

If it rains, I will take the umbrella. => real condition.

Если пойдет дождь, то я возьму зонт. => Indicative m.

!!!NO FUTURE AFTER IF/WHEN!!!

SUBj.m .: to be => were

I were

You were

He/she/it were

You/we/they were

Indic. M.: to be = was/were => a fact in the past

I/he/she/it = was

We/you, they = were

VOICE = Залог

1) Active Voice = действ.залог

I build houses every day => I am a builder

Subject + Predicate + Object => active

2) Passive voice = to be + V3 (participle II)

Страдательный залог = Являться + (страд.причастие прош.вр.)

The houses are built by me every day.

Дома строятся мной/ю каждый день

Дома являются построенными каждый день

VERB has 4 forms:

To do – did – done – do ing

Inf. – Past S. – Past Participle(P.II) – Present Participle (P.I)

Дела ть – сделал(а) – сдел анн ый (стр.пр. пр.вр.) – дела ющ ий (дейст.пр. н.вр.)

To V – V2/V ed – V3/V ed – V ing

To do => I want to do it. Present Simple

V2 => I did it. = Past Simple

V3 => I have done it = Present Perfect

= я имею это сделанным =>

= я сделал это

Passive voice = to be + V3

It is done by me = это сделано мной = это является сделанным мной

Ving = I am doing the washing up now

Я являюсь делающим/занимающимся мытьем посуды сейчас =

Я мою посуду сейчас

To do the washing up

To do the shopping

Go shopping

I went shopping but I didn’t do the shopping.

Gerund = отглагольное существительное (абстрак. Понятие, занятие чем-л.)

1) Дейст пр.н.вр в составе сказуемого

I am reading now => P.I

2) Дейст пр.н.вр. в составе причастного оборота=

The boy reading a book

in the room (P.I) was sitting at the window.

3) Дейст пр.н.вр в качестве определения

The reading boy was sitting near me.

*Gerund

Reading the English books is (sing.) very interesting for me.

Чтение английских книг является (ед.ч.) очень интересным для меня.

I like reading

On time/ in time = вовремя

_____________10.00___________>

____in time(9.45.)___ on time(10.00.)________>

The train arrived on time = that was at 10.00.

I wasn’t at the railway station in time

but my train left on time.

That was why I was late.

On time = вовремя (строго по расписанию)

In time = вовремя (заблаговременно)

Sequence of tenses = Согласование времен:

1) Present => Present

I always ask you, “ Are you O’K?” (обратный порядок слов)

I always ask you if/whether you are O’K. (прямой п.с.)

if/whether = ли (при общем вопросе в косв.речи)

Я всегда спрашиваю тебя, в порядке ли ты.

2) I asked him, “ Are you here?”

I asked him if he was there.

Past Simple/Cont. => Past Simple Cont.

Main/principal clause	Direct Speech	Indirect/Reported Speech
I asked him Past Simple	“Are you here?” Present Simple	If you was there Past Simple
I told her Past Simple	“Go home!” Imperative mood	To go home Infinitive
He addressed us Past Simple	“How can I get to CUS (Tsum)?” Present Simple	how I could get to CUS Past Simple
I asked them,	“Why are you beating Michael Jackson?” Present Cont.	why they were beating him. Past Cont.
She asked me,	“How have you done your hair?” Present Perfect	how I had done my hair Past Perfect
	“How long have you been learning English?” Present Perfect Cont.	how long I had been learning English Past Perfect Cont.
I asked him,	“Why did he kill the elephant?” Past Simple	why he had killed the elephant. Past Perfect

Дата добавления: 2015-11-05