|
THE PLURAL
1. +s | Dog-dogs Cat-cats Rose-roses у некоторых существительных озвончается конечный согласный: -a path-paths - a month-months - a house-houses
|
2. +es (ch, sh, x, s, ss) | Bench-benches Lash-lashes Dress-dresses Box-boxes |
3. –f, fe- ves | Wolf-wolves Wife-wives BUT: roof, safe, kerchief, handkerchief(ves), hoof(копыто), hoof/ hooves, cliff, cuff, gulf, belief, grief, proof, relief, wharf-wharf(wharves), dwarf Cliff-отвесная скала grief-горе Cuff-манжета relief-облегчение Gulf-морской залив wharf-пристань, причал |
4. o-oes | potato-potatoes but:- гласная+o radio-radios -удвоенная o zoo-zoos, cuckoo-cuckoos -сокращения photo-photos -музыкальные инструменты piano-pianos -собственные имена Eskimo-Eskimos
|
5. y- ies(согл.+y
y-s (гл.+y) | Fly-flies
Day-days
|
6. латинские и греческие сокращения | Formul a - formul ae Loc us - loc i Aquari um- aquari a Phenomen on- phenomen a Bas is- bas es Ind ex- ind ices |
7. Составные сущ. а) n+man
b) n+n
c) n+preposition+n
d) adjective+n e) non nouns
|
A policeman- policemen BUT: German-Germans
A woman-pilot-women-pilots Roman-Romans A man-teacher-men-teachers A man-of war- men- of- war Snowball-snowballs
Commander-of- chief- commander s -of-chief Son-in-law-son s -in-law Passer-by-passer s -by Blackboard-blackboard s Forget-me-not-forget-me-not s |
8. Только в ед. ч. а) вещества б) языки в) игры г) болезни д) природные явления
е) спорт ж) школьные предметы
|
a) blood, coffee, milk, bread b) English, Russian c) baseball, billiards, golf, darts d) cancer, flu, measles, rabies, diabetes e) darkness, fog, heat, light BUT: the rains (=seasons of rain), in all weathers f) gymnastics, athletics, aerobics g) chemistry, economics, linguistics, mathematics, phonetics, politics, statistics, physics BUT: Academic disciplines general use -Politics is popular at this -Her politics are bordering university on the fascist (= political belief) -Statistics was always my - Statistics are able to worst subject prove anything you want them to. (= numeral infor- mation) -Economics has only re- - The economics behind cently been recognized their policies are unreason- as a scientific study. Able (=the financial system)
|
9. Только во мн. ч а) одежда
б) инструменты в) некоторые сущ | ] a) trousers, pyjamas, jeans, shorts
в) scissors, glasses, binoculars c) arms, ashes (зола, пепел), cattle, police, congratulations, earnings, goods, looks(выражение глаз, лица), greens, outskirts(окраина, предместья города), people, stairs, wages surroundings(окрестности), riches, savings, belongings, particulars(information), premises(building), thanks |
10, Исключения | Child- children sheep-sheep Man-men trout-trout (форель) Woman-women salmon-salmon Goose-geese fish-fish(fishes) Tooth-teeth fruit-fruit(fruits) Mouse-mice cod-cod(треска) Louse-lice aircraft-aircraft Ox-oxen a means-means Swine-swine a species-species Deer-deer a headquarters-headquarters a series-series
|
11.Собирательные существительные | Данные существительные употребляются с глаголом ед. ч., если они обозначают группу как единый коллектив и с глаголом мн. ч., если обозначают отдельных представителей, входящих в эту группу. Association, audience, class, club, college, committee, community, company, crowd, department, electorate, enemy, family, firm, generation, government, group, jury, orchestra, population, press, public, school, staff, team, university, the Bank of England, the BBC, IBM, Sony, party, gang, mob(толпа, сборище), army, navy, fleet, faculty, crew, delegation, board(правление, совет), flock(стадо овец), стая птиц), herd(стадо, гурт), litter, swarm(рой. стая), bunch(группа, компания), shoal (стая, косяк рыбы, масса, толпа) |
Дата добавления: 2015-11-04; просмотров: 17 | Нарушение авторских прав
<== предыдущая лекция | | | следующая лекция ==> |
Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy find their way through an old wardrobe into the world of Narnia. There, they unite with Aslan to fight the White Witch and save Narnia from perpetual Darkness. 8 страница | | | The Purple Dress by O. Henry |