- to be suspended [sə'spɛnd] – бути підвішеним
- scrotum - мошонка - acrosome - акросома
- seminiferous [sɛmɪ'nɪfərəs] tubules –сім’яні канальці
- to penetrate ['pɛnɪˌtreɪt] - проникати
- epididymis [ɛpɪ'dɪdɪmɪs] – придаток яєчка - maturation - достигання
- vas deferens – сім’яний проток
2. Read & translate the text:
The Male Reproductive System
The male gonads, the testes, are a pair of organs with two primary functions: to produce male gametes, called sperm, and to produce male hormones. The testes are suspended below the abdomen in an external sac called the scrotum, where the temperature is lower than normal body temperature. The lower temperature is necessary for the production of healthy sperm. Inside the testes are hundreds of tightly packed, coiled tubes, called seminiferous tubules, where sperm are produced. Sperm are carried from the seminiferous tubules to a coiled tube, the epididymis. From the epididy-mis sperm move into the vas deferens, tightly coiled tubules where sperm are stored. Muscular contractions, called ejaculation, force sperm from the vas deferens through the urethra, in the penis, to the outside of the body.
As sperm are ejaculated, they are mixed with secretions from several glands—the seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands, and the prostate. The secretions contain nutrients, hormones and enzymes that provide the sperm with energy and the proper environment. The sperm and the secretions together form a thick, milky liquid called semen.
A human sperm cell is extremely tiny. Each sperm cell has three parts—the head, the middle region, and the tail. The head is the cell nucleus. A small region at the tip of the head, the acrosome, contains enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate the female gamete. The middle region contains the mitochondria that supply the cell's energy. The tail uses that energy to move the sperm cell.
During puberty, cells surrounding the seminiferous tubule begin to secrete male hormones, or androgens, the most important of which is testosterone. Testosterone stimulates development of secondary male sex characteristics. Among these are strong muscles, a deep voice, and body hair. Two tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are necessary for normal functioning of the testes. LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates the production of testosterone. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) controls the maturation of sperm cells.
4. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Вторинні статеві чоловічі ознаки це сильні м’язи, низький голос та волосяний покров.
2. Низка температура у мошонці потрібна для нормального виробництва сперми.
3. Секрети чоловічих залоз вміщують живлення, гормони та ензими.
4. Кожна клітина сперми складається з трьох частин.
5. Мітохондрія постачає клітині енергію.
6. Еяколяція виштовхує сперму крізь пеніс назовні тіла.
Female Reproductive system | Male Reproductive System |
Ova; scrotum; healthy sperm; breasts; ovary; ejaculation; menopause; fertile period; puberty period; strong muscles & low voice; acrosome; prostate; vagina; vulva; seminiferous tubule; testosterone; chorion; progesterone; uterus; semen; milky liquid; graafian tubules; head & tail.
6. Match the following terms:
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