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Additional target vocabulary



ADDITIONAL TARGET VOCABULARY

Compiled by G.Abdrakhmanova

#

Vocabulary item

Definition

Usage/Derivatives

 

account(n)

a report or description of an event or experience

of no ~ to, by (or from) all accounts,on ~of, on one's own ~, on no ~,bank~

 

collapse(v)

 

cause (something) to fall down or give way

collapsed, collapsible

 

Concern(v)

 

relate to; be about: be relevant or important to

~ oneself with, be ~ed in as far as... is ~ed, have no ~ with, to whom it may ~

 

cyber warfare

internet-based war

cyberwar

 

divulge ( v)

to disclose the secret information

make known (private or sensitive information)

divulgence, divulgation, divulge sth to smb Syn.reveal

 

 

engage ( v)

 

participate or become involved in

~ someone in,be ~ed in,~ with

 

estimate ( v)

roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of

estimation, estimator,estimative

underestimate, overestimate

 

empty ( v)

remove all the contents of (a container

~out, emptily, on an ~ stomach

 

gap ( n)

difference between the views

gapped, gappy, ~year, age ~

 

 

incident ( n)

an instance of something happening; an event or occurrence:

incidence, incidental

 

 

infringement ( n)

the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc

contravention, violation, transgression, breach, breaking, non-observance, ant compliance,

 

involve(v)

have or include (something) as a necessary or integral part or result:

be/get involved, involvement

 

plunge ( v)

to put smn or sth in a particular state or situation

throw, cast, fall steeply/sharply,, drop rapidly, go down, sink

 

leaflet ( n)

a printed sheet of paper containing information or advertising and usually distributed free:

Syn: booklet, brochure, handbill, flyer, handout, bulletin

 

 

manipulate ( v)

.to manage or influence skillfully

manipulative, manipulator,manipulation Syn.; exploit, control, influence, direct, guide

 

victim ( n)

a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action:

fall ~ to, a ~of violent crime

Syn.; sufferer,injured person, wounded person; dead person, fatality, loss; ant.: attacker

 

 

occur(v)

exist or be found to be present in a place or under a particular set of conditions:

happen, take place, come about, materialize, arise,

a rare/common/regular/everyday

occurrence

 

reluctance ( n)

 

unwillingness or disinclination to do something

reluctant

 

threat(n)

a statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for something done or not done

threaten, threatening, ~ to, under ~, death ~

 

scale ( n)

a graduated range of values forming a standard system for measuring or grading something

scaler,~ smth back/down (or up, in~, to~, social~, on a ~ of

 

 

vote ( v)

a formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates or courses of action, expressed typically through a ballot or a show of hands.

~of no confidence, ~of confidence, ~less, put it to a ~

 

         

 


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