The justice is one of the most difficult and complicated ethical categories which touches the wide sphere of human relations. It affects economical, political and legal conditions of community’s

Distributive justice

The justice is one of the most difficult and complicated ethical categories which touches the wide sphere of human relations. It affects economical, political and legal conditions of community’s life and the tendencies of their development. It is not solved yet- is it belongs to ethical justice, or it should be devoted to a socio-philosophical category. The question of class and universal concept of justice, the relationship between this concept and the concepts of rights and equality are not clarified yet; the volume of main features of equity as a category of ethics is poorly understood. All this leads to the need for further theoretical development problems of justice, therefore the appeal for equity is relevant. The idea of justice originated in the certain age of the development of human society and bears historical character. It is generated by the social relations of people in their social and labor practices. Due to the material conditions of the public man’s production, it was subordinated the staff in their actions. Moral consciousness in primitive society oriented to collective interests. However, these requirements do not conflict with public interests of an individual. Will of the team seized more individual consciousness.

Distributive justice originally advocated as respect for equality in the distribution of land and hunting preys among members of society. Egalitarian spirit manifested in the equality of members of society against each other. The concept of "distributive" justice is evolving throughout the development of primitive society. Distributive justice requires the proportionality in relationships between people according to different criteria: (“equal - equal, unequal – unequal”, “ to each his own”). The relationship of distributive justice requires at least three people, each of whom acts to achieve the same goal in an organized community, where one of these people distributing as a “chief “. In any society the work of majority people is estimated with law rating, making for them unaffordable conditions of comfort or make them not fully or available. However, there are always populations or classes whose representatives are legitimate unlimited enrichment. Regardless of the source of their enrichment in a particular society (trade, the use of other people's labor, etc.) the rights protected by these classes are much better than rights of the other majority of people. These classes are the ruling, relies on themselves, state power in their hands is concentrated on production and distribution of goods.

In order to meet the needs of all fully forms, it is necessary to complexity, and hence the cost of the whole complex of goods, being corresponded for the averages of people’s salaries. Income family or individual over a time interval of 1-2 years should meet their needs for goods and services over the same period of time. Only in this case, people will be able to meet daily household needs besides also the need for expensive goods and services, accumulating funds for this purpose. (Time period of 1-2 years was chosen because a longer accumulation of funds is inappropriate. Development of science, engineering and technology contributes to the rapid qualitative change of goods and services, resulting in a desired item or service at the time of accumulation of money on it morally obsolete, while qualitatively new item or service will cost more outdated and require new savings). The cost of essential goods and services (food, clothing, utilities, travel to work, etc.) must be less than the average wage. In this case the person will be able to accumulate funds for the other benefits that are not necessary, but allow people to feel comfortable and have possible fun. However, some of the most expensive goods and services are not available for medium secured rights. The possibilities of such person in the consumption benefit are directly dependent on the cost of goods and services. Benefits, which are based on the latest achievements of science, technology and culture, will be inaccessible to the majority as long as their complexity and cost of goods sold will not match the purchasing power of the average person. This correspondence is possible in the case of a uniform development of all types of human activity, when people's incomes are practically independent of the nature of their activities. Or in the case where the cost of goods and services is significantly reduced through the use of new technologies in mass production, while the purchasing power of the people will not increase due to the increase of their wages, and by reducing the cost of goods. However, some goods, which have the greater labor intensity and high energy costs significantly change their cost price, consequently, they will not be available to most people. Combining processes to reduce the cost of benefits and wage growth observed in the developed capitalist countries, however, some benefits are not available to the general public. This is because any kind of time-consuming to manufacture product obsolete before becoming massively available. His place is taken product performs substantially the same function and has similar qualities, but through the use of new materials, technologies and principles, being of higher quality. The difference in the cost of obsolete items and performed at a qualitatively new level of technical and consumer negligible. Continued publication and communicate to the mass production of obsolete goods is economically unjustified. Many goods and services remain inaccessible to most people because of their high cost and therefore limited release.

The state, in general, can set a price for any product below its cost, thereby creating the appearance of its accessibility to the general public. Commodity becomes scarce and not available to the buyer for a price set by the state. This method of pricing leads to speculation and unearned income. However, despite its shortcomings, it is widely used in the socialist countries. Unfortunately, neither economic, nor technical, nor voluntary methods do not solve the problem of inequality in the consumption of the people’s benefits. There will always be good, available in full only to certain groups and classes that are in the minority.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04