Mathematical symbols and formulas

Mathematical symbols and formulas

V – I

1. 7+6=13 6. ± 11. 72” 16.

2. 7-5=2 7. a =∞ 12. 56’

3. 10x7=70 8. ⅜ 13. √16=4

4. a:b=c 9. 0.2 km 14. 100℅

5. axb=c 10.x≈0.65 15.

Translate the text, paying special attention to the meaning of mathematical terms.

The Power of Symbols

Before the introduction of the literal notation, it was possible to speak of individual expressions only; each expression, such as 2x+3; x²+4x+3x³-4x+5, etc. had an individuality of its own and had to be handled on its own merits. The literal notation made it possible to pass from the individual to the collective, from the “some” to the “any” and the “all”. The linear form ax+b, the quadratic form ax²+bx+c, each of these forms is regarded now as a single species. It is this that made possible the general theory of functions, which is the basis of all applied mathematics.

V – II

6. 7+6=13 6. ± 11. 72” 16.

7. 7-5=2 7. a =∞ 12. 56’

8. 10x7=70 8. ⅜ 13. √16=4

9. a:b=c 9. 0.2 km 14. 100℅

10. axb=c 10.x≈0.65 15.

Translate the text, paying special attention to the meaning of mathematical terms.

What distinguishes modern arithmetic from the medieval one is the changed attitude towards the “impossible”. Up to the seventh century the algebraists invested this term with an absolute sense. They considered natural numbers as the exclusive field for all arithmetic operations, and regarded possibility as an intrinsic property of these operations. Thus, the direct operations of arithmetic – addition (a+b), multiplication (a x b), potentiation (a^b) – were possible; whereas the inverse operations – substractions (a-b), division (a/b), extraction of roots – were possible only under restricted conditions.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04