Is a process of cognition thyself, your potential and actual characteristics, personality, mental abilities, personality traits, your relationships with others, etc.

Self knowledge

Glossary

#	Chapter #1	Definitions	Translations
	Self knowledge	Is a process of cognition thyself, your potential and actual characteristics, personality, mental abilities, personality traits, your relationships with others, etc.	Самопознание
	Catharsis	Is a psychodynamic principle that, in its most basic sense, is simply an emotional release	Катарсис
	Shadow	Is a sphere which is not recognized by an individual as his own, but it really exists it is integral part of his self	Тень
	Maturity	Is the ability to find support for yourself and not in others, the ability to take responsibility	Зрелость
	‘The Real I’	Is a system of representations of themselves, their feelings, thoughts, aspirations, etc.	«Реальная я»
	‘The ideal I’	Is what people would like to be, their experience and depth of experience.	«идеальная Я"
	Physical identity	A bodily organization of man and all that belongs to the person or of his environment: clothes, family, home, income, etc.	Физическая личность
	Social identity	Is recognized in our personality from other people	Социальная личность
	Spiritual identity	Is a complete union of separate states of consciousness, specifically made spiritual abilities and properties	Духовная личность
	A biological individual	Is characterized by certain person by the constitution, the type of nervous system, brain neurodynamic properties, a variety of biological needs	Биологический индивид
	Social individual	The ability to explore the world around us, acquires the knowledge, skills, norms and rules of conduct	Социальный индивид
	Personality	The ability to make choices, to build their way of life, to coordinate their behavior in the system of relations with other peoples	Личность
	Personal-characterological features	The quality of personality and character traits, which is expressed in relation to others to work, study to themselves, to things	Персональные - характерологические особенности
	Motivational and value-sphere of personality	Self own motives, interests, values that define the activities and behavior	Ценносно-мотвационная сфера
	Emotional and volitional personality	The knowledge of the emotional states, the dominant felling, ways of responding to stressful situations, ability to mobilize, to demonstrate tenacity, perseverance, commitment, etc.	Эмоциональная и волевая личность
	Cognitive sphere of personality	The awareness and understanding of the functioning of mental processes: perception, memory, thoughts, imagination, properties and qualities of the mind, mindfulness, ways to deal with life and professional goals	Когнитивная сфера личности
	Open area	This cell includes all the factors upon which I and others have mutually shared perceptions	Арена
	Unknown area	In this cell are the factors that I do not see in myself nor do others see them in me	Неизвестное
	Hidden area	In this cell are factors that I see in myself but that I hide from others – people sees a ‘false me’ and I must always be on guard not to let them see the ‘real me’	Фасад
	Blind are	In this cell are factors that other people perceive in me but that I do not see in myself.	Мертвая зона

	Chapter #2
	Self awareness	Is arguably the most fundamental issue in psychology, from both a developmental and an evolutionary perspective	самоанализ
	Self obliviousness	Infants do not come to the world with the exclusive expression	Самозабывчивость
	Differentiated self	Is the first sign that the individual is not oblivious of mirrors as reflection	Дифференциация себя
	Situated self	The individual aware that what is seen is ‘out there’, on a surface that is spatially situated in relation to the body	Расположения себя
	Identified self	There is an identity relation between the self as experienced from within and what is displayed on the polished surface on the mirror	Опознавать себя в
	Permanent self	An entity that is represented as invariant over time and appearance changes	Долговременное восприятия себя
	Self conscious self	An entity that is simulated and projected in the mind of others	Самосознание

#	Chapter #3
	Pleasure principle	Id operates according this principle which is the desire for immediate gratification	Желание
	Primary process of thinking	Is thinking without logical rules of conscious thought or an anchor in reality	Первичный процесс мышления
	Wish fulfillment	Temporary satisfaction of the id urges by creating a mental image or fantasy of the object	исполнения желаний
	Id	Is the most primitive part of the human mind, sours of all drive and urges	Ид
	Ego	A part of the mind that constrains the id to reality	Эго
	Superego	The part of the mind that internalized the values, morals, and ideals of society	Суперэго
	Reality principle	Desire to postpone the direct expression of id impulses until an appropriate situation arises	Восприятие реальности
	Secondary process thinking	Development of strategies for solving problems and obtaining satisfaction by: constraining physical reality, understanding when and how to express a desire or an urge	Вторичный процесс мышления
	Anxiety	Is an unpleasant state, which acts as a signal that things are not right and something must be done	тревога

#	Chapter #4
	Defense mechanisms	Efforts to defend oneself from anxiety	Защитный механизм
	Objective anxiety	Fear, occurs in response to a real, external threat	Объективная тревога
	Neurotic anxiety	Occurs when there is a direct internal conflict between the id and the ego	Нервная тревога
	Moral anxiety	Caused by a conflict between the ego and the super ego	Моральная тревога
	Repression	Pushing down unwanted ideas into the unconscious and keeping them there	Репрессия
	Denial	Refusing to see the facts when the reality of a situation is extremely anxiety-provoking	Отрицание
	The fundamental attribution error	The tendency to blame events outside one’s control for failure, but to accept responsibility for success	Фундаментальная ошибка атрибуции
	Displacement	An unacceptable impulse is redirected from its original source to a nonthreatening target	Смещение
	Rationalization	Involves generation acceptable reasons for outcomes that might appear socially unacceptable	рационализация
	Reaction formation	An attempt to suppress the expression of an unacceptable urge and display the behavior that indicates the opposite impulse	реактивное образование
	Projection	Sometimes we see in others the traits and desires we find most upsetting in ourselves. We ‘project’ our own unacceptable qualities onto others	Проекция
	False consensus effect	Tendency many people have to assume that others are similar to them	Эффект ложного консенсуса
	Sublimation	Channeling of unacceptable aggressive instincts into socially desired activities	Сублимация

#	Chapter 5
	Social comparison	Is the evaluation of oneself or one’s performance in terms of a comparison with a reference group	Социальное сравнение
	Private self-concept	Is th major but often difficult development in the growth of the self concept	Личная самооценка
	Perspective taking	The ability to take the perspective of others, or to see oneself as others do, to step outside of oneself and imagine how one appears to other people	Перспективное состояние
	Objective self-awareness	Seeing oneself as an object of other’s attention	Объективное самосознание
	Self-schema	Refers to the specific knowledge structure or cognitive representation of the self concept	Самопрограммирование
	Possible selves	Describe the many ideas people have about who they might become, who they hope become, or who they fear they will become	Возможная я
	Ideal self	The possible self which is what persons themselves want to be	Идеальная я
	Ought self	The possible selves which is persons’ understanding of what others want to be	Предполагаемый я
	Self-guides	Standards that one uses to organize information and motivate appropriate behavior	Саморуководство

#	Chapter 6
	Self-complexity	Having many roles and many aspects to our self concept	Самостоятельно сложности
	Defensive pessimism	Is a strategy in which a person facing a challenge, such as an upcoming test, expects to do poorly	Положительная Сила негативного мышления
	Self handicapping	Is a process in which a person deliberately does the things that increase the probability that she or he will fail	Self-гандикапа
	Self-esteem variability	is an indicator of vulnerability to stressful life events	Соотношение самооценки изменчивости личности

#	Chapter 7
	Continuity	Means that people can count on you to be the same person tomorrow as you are today	Непрерывность
	Contrast	Means that your social identity differentiates you from other people	Контраст
	Identity crisis	Means the feeling of anxiety that accompany efforts to define or redefine one’s own individuality and social reputation	Кризис идентичности
	Identity deficit	Arises when a person has not formed an adequate identity and thus has trouble making major decision	Определения личности дефицита
	Identity conflict	Involves an incompatibility between two or more aspects of identity	Идентичность конфликт

#	Chapter 8
	Need for achievement	Defined as the desire to do better, to be successful, and to feel competent	Потребность в достижении
	Independence training	Parent can behave in whys that promote autonomy and independence in their children	Становление самостоятельным
	Need for power	Readiness or preference for having an impact on other people	Потребность в мощности
	Responsibility training	Parents’ behavior that promote responsibility and taking care of others in their children	Становление ответственным
	Power stress	The stress which is shown by people who high on nPow when they do not get their way
	Need for Intimacy	Desire for warm and fulfilling relationship with others, more meaningful human contact in their day to day lives	Потребность в близости

	Chapter 9
	Humanistic tradition	An emphasis on conscious awareness of needs, choice, and personal responsibility	Гуманистические традиции
	Self actualization	Is the process of becoming “more and more what one idiosyncratically is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming”	Самоактуализации
	Physiological needs	Need that are of prime importance to the immediate survival of the individual	Физиологические потребности
	Safety needs	Have to do with shelter and security, such as having a place to live and being free from the threat of danger	Потребность в безопасности
	Belongingness needs	Modern society provides fewer opportunities for satisfying this need than it did in the past	Потребность в принадлежности и любви
	Esteem needs	Want to be seen by others as competent, as strong, as able to achieve	Потребность в уважении
	Self-actualization need	The need to develop one’s potential, to become the person one was meant to be.	Потребность в самоактуализаций
	Fully functioning person	The person who is on his or her way toward self actualization	Полноценно Функционирующая Личность
	Conditions of worth	The requirements set forth by parents or significant others for earning their positive regard
	Conditional positive regard	Positive regard, when it must earned by meeting certain condition	условия ценности
	Unconditional positive regard	When parents and others accept the child without conditions, communicating as they love and value him	Принятие человека таким какой он есть
	Positive self regard	Changing one’s self concept to incorporate the experience	позитивное внимание к себе
	Emotional intelligence	Ability to know one’s own emotion, regulate this emotion.	Эмоциональный интеллект
	Anxiety	Is the result of having an experience that does not fit with one’s self-concepton.	Страх
	Distortion	A less functional response to anxiety is to alter the experience by using defense mechanism	Искажение

	Chapter 10
	Self-regulation	Is the self’s capacity for altering its behavior	Самоконтроль
	Urges or impulses	Represent an inclination to respond a certain way in a particular situation on a particular occasion	Побуждение или импульс
	Ego depletion	Refers to a state in which the self does not have all the resources it has normally	Истощение эго
	Willpower	Is the self regulatory strength	Сила воли

	Chapter 11
	Arousal level	The state which can define basically being alert, physically and mentally	Уровень возбуждение
	Arousability	Difference between introverts and extraverts by their arousal
	Reinforcement sensitivity theory	An influential alternative biological theory of personality	Теория усиления чувствительности
	Behavioral activation system (BAS)	Hypothesized biological system in the brain which is responsive to incentives and reward	Система активации поведения
	Behavioral inhibition system	Hypothesized biological system in the brain which is responsive to punishment, uncertainty	Система Торможение поведения
	Impulsivity	the inability to inhibit responses	Импульсивность
	Sensation seeking	Is another dimension of personality postulated to have a physiological basis	Поиск ощущений
	Sensory deprivation	Losing of all senses	Сенсорная депривация
	Optimal level of arousal	A level that is just right for any given task	Оптимальный уровень возбуждения

	Chapter 12
	Situation selection	Decision points that direct us to choose one path and avoid another	Выбор ситуаций
	Complementary needs theory	Postulates the people are attracted to those who have different personality dispositions than they have	Комплементарная теория потребности
	Attraction similarity theory	Postulates the people are attracted to those who have similar personality characteristics	Теория сходства
	Shyness	Is defined by a tendency to feel tense, worried, or anxious during social interactions or even when anticipating a social interaction	Застенчивость
	Evocation	The way in which features of personality elicit reactions from others	Воплощение
	Hostile attrebutional bias.	Tendency to infer hostile intent on the part of others in the face of uncertain or unclear behavior from them	Склонность к приписыванию враждебности
	Expectancy confirmation	Self fulfilling prophesy/peoples’s beliefs about the personality characteristics of other cause them to evoke in others actions that are consistent with the initial belief	Предсказуемость

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04