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| Task 1. | Subdivide the following words of native origin into: 1) words of Indo-European origin; 2) words of Common Germanic origin; 3) English words proper. Consult Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology.
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| Task 2. | Analyze the original meanings of the given native words of the English language. State: a) the lexical and grammatical valency of these words; 2) the semantic development of these words. MODEL: foot (n) < OE fot - 'part of the leg beyond the ankle' a) the lexical as well as grammatical valency of the word foot (feet pl.) is very high. The word can be used in different sentence patterns in various meanings, e.g.: He stepped on a nail, and his foot is very sore. Mary sled her feet into her sandals. She paused at the foot of the stairs. There was an error message at the foot of the page. A young officer at the foot of the table objected to the plan; 2) the word foot (feet pl.) has extended its semantic structure by acquiring new meanings and is now a pokysemantic word: 'the part of the sock or stocking that covers the foot'; 'particular manner of walking; step'; 'the bottom part or lower end'; 'as device on a sewing machine for holding the material steady as it is sewn', 'a unit or leaner measure equal to 12 inches', 'a division of a line in poetry, in which there is usually a strong beat and one or two weaker ones'. |
| Task 3. |
Give derivatives of the following words of native origin. In case of difficulty consult a dictionary. MODEL: heat The word heat has the following derivatives: to heat, heater, heated, heatedly, heating, heatstroke, heatproof, heat-lightning. |
| Task 4. |
Write out phraseological units formed with the help of the italicized words which are of native origin. State what these phraseological units denote. Translate the sentences into Russian. Model: I am completely at one with Michael on this issue. The phraseological unit at one with smb. denotes 'in agreement or harmony'. Я полностью согласен с Майклом в этом вопросе. |
| Task 5. |
State whether the given words were borrowed into the English language directly or indirectly, i.e. through another language. Define the source and origin of the given borrowed words. MODEL: sphinx < ME < L < Gr Sphigx The word sphinx was borrowed into the English language indirectly, i.e. through another language. The source of the borrowing is Latin, whereas the origin of the borowing is Greek. |
| Task 6. |
Write down in the space provided a letter, which indicates the language from which the given words were borrowed. In case of difficulty consult the Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. a - Celtic c - Scandinavian e - Greek g - Spanish i - German b - Latin d - French f - Russian h - Italian MODEL: muzhik... f tobacco... g stroll... i |
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Task 7. |
Identify the period of borrowing of the French, Greek, russian and German words given in task 6. MODEL: muzhik, stroll The word muzhik was borrowed from Russian in the 17th century. The word troll was borrowed from German in the 17th century. |
| Task 8. |
Match the translation borrowings on the left with the original phrases/words on the right. State the origin of the latter. Model: 11 - h (Latin) |
| Task 9. |
Write out international words from the given sentences. MODEL: This music is by Beethoven. The word music is an international word. |
| Task 10. |
Give the false cognates ('false friends') in the Russian language to the given English words. State the difference in their meanins. MODEL: argument The false cognate of the word argument is the Russian word аргумент. The word argument means 'an angree disagreement between people', whereas the word аргумент has the meaning 'reasoning'. |
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Task 11. |
State the etymology of the given words. Write them out in three columns: a) completely assimilated borrowings; b) partially assimilated borrowings; c) unasiimilated borrowings or barbarisms. |
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