Construction is the most dangerous land-based work sector in Europe, after the fishing industry. In the European Union, the fatal accident rate is nearly 13 workers per 100,000 as against 5 per

Construction is the most dangerous land-based work sector in Europe, after the fishing industry. In the European Union, the fatal accident rate is nearly 13 workers per 100,000 as against 5 per 100,000 for the all sector average.^[1]

In the United States there were 1,225 fatal occupational injuries in the construction sector in 2001 with an incidence rate of 13.3 per 100,000 employed workers.^[2] For the same year the construction industry experienced 481,400 nonfatal injuries and illnesses at a rate of 7.9 per 100 full-time workers in the industry.^[3] Construction has about 6% of U.S. workers, but 20% of the fatalities - the largest number of fatalities reported for any industry sector.^[4] Hong Kong is also notorious for its high construction accidents rates. Although the accidents rate dropped from 350 per 1000 workers in mid 1980 to 60 per 1000 workers in 2007, it still accounted for nearly 20% of all the industrial accidents in Hong Kong.^[5] In the United Kingdom, the construction industry alone represented over 40% of the total number of fatalities reported among the four major industry sectors and was consistently reported as the first or second worst offender for reported fatal injuries. In Australia, the construction industry experienced 5.6 fatalities per 100,000 employees which is more than twice the average for all the industries in 2007–2008.^[6]

The problem is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, it is that they are very difficult to control in a constantly changing work environment.

The leading safety hazards on site are falls from height, motor vehicle crashes, excavation accidents, electrocution, machines, and being struck by falling objects. Some of the main health hazards on site are asbestos, solvents, noise, and manual handling activities.

Many construction sites cannot completely exclude non-workers. Road construction sites must often allow traffic to pass through. This places non-workers at some degree of risk.

Road construction sites are blocked-off and traffic is redirected. The sites and vehicles are protected by signs and barricades. However, sometimes even these signs and barricades can be a hazard to vehicle traffic. For example, improperly designed barricades can cause cars that strike them to roll over or even be thrown into the air. Even a simple safety sign can penetrate the windshield or roof of a car if hit from certain angles.

Under European Union Law, there are European Union Directives in place to protect workers, notably Directive 89/391 (the Framework Directive) and Directive 92/57 (the Temporary and Mobile Sites Directive). This legislation is transposed into the Member States and places requirements on employers (and others) to assess and protect workers health and safety.

In the United States the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets and enforces standards concerning workplace safety and health.

Строительство является наиболее опасной наземной работой сектора в Европе, после рыбной промышленности. В Европейском Союзе, травматизм со смертельным исходом почти 13 работников на 100.000 по сравнению с 5 на 100.000 для всех в среднем по сектору.

В Соединенных Штатах было 1225 фатальных случаев производственного травмирования в строительном секторе, в 2001 году показатель заболеваемости составил 13,3 на 100.000 работников. В том же году строительная отрасль пережила 481400 не смертельных травм и заболеваний в размере 7,9 на 100 полный рабочий день в отрасли. Construction has about 6% of U.S. workers, but 20% of the fatalities - the largest number of fatalities reported for any industry sector. Гонконг также известен своим высоким уровнем несчастных случаев. Хотя несчастных случаев снизилось с 350 из 1000 рабочих в середине 1980 г. до 60 из 1000 работников в 2007 году, но на него по-прежнему приходится почти 20% всех несчастных случаев на производстве в Гонконге. In the United Kingdom, the construction industry alone represented over 40% of the total number of fatalities reported among the four major industry sectors and was consistently reported as the first or second worst offender for reported fatal injuries. В Австралии, строительная отрасль пережила 5,6 смертей на 100.000 работников, показатель который более чем вдвое превышает средний для всех отраслей промышленности в 2007-2008 гг.

Проблема не в том, что опасности и риски неизвестны, а в том что их очень трудно контролировать в постоянно меняющейся рабочей среде.

Основные угрозы безопасности на территории падение с высоты, автомобильные аварии, несчастные случаи земляных работ, поражение электрическим током, машин и ударов падающими предметами. Некоторые из основных опасностей для здоровья на территории: асбест, растворители, шум и управленческая деятельность руководства(:D).

Many construction sites cannot completely exclude non-workers. Road construction sites must often allow traffic to pass through. This places non-workers at some degree of risk.

Road construction sites are blocked-off and traffic is redirected. The sites and vehicles are protected by signs and barricades. Тем не менее, иногда эти знаки и баррикады могут представлять опасность для движения транспортных средств. For example, improperly designed barricades can cause cars that strike them to roll over or even be thrown into the air. Даже простой знак безопасности может пробить стекло или крышу автомобиля, если ударит под определенным углом.

В соответствии с Законом Европейского Союза, существуют директивы Европейского Союза в целях защиты работников, в частности, Директива 89/391 (the Framework Directive) и Директивы 92/57 (the Temporary and Mobile Sites Directive). Это законодательство перенесено в для оценки и защиты работников, их здравоохранения и безопасности.

В США закон о безопасности и гигиене труда (OSHA) устанавливает и обеспечивает стандарты, касающиеся безопасности труда и здоровья.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04