Kazakh-American-University

Kazakh-American-University

Hand-outs

History of Kazakhstan I year students

Lecture 23 All departments

Kazakhstan eve and during

The Great Patriotic War. 2013-2014 academic year

Fall trimester

The objective of the lecture: Kazakhstan eve the war. The policy of repressions and deportation. The main stages of the Great Patriotic war.. To show the economy and political development during the war.

Outline of the lecture:

1. Kazakhstan eve the war.
2. Kazakhstan in the plans of German fascism.
3. Mobilization in Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstanians at fronts.
4. Economy of Kazakhstan.

1. The criminal total deportation of the whole peoples, the considerable part of which was reflected to Kazakhstan.

- In October-November 1937 from Far East 110 th. the Koreans were resettled in Kazakhstan.

- In October-November 1938 from Turkmenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia, Armenia 2,4 th. families of the Iranians, Azerbaidjanians, Kurds and Armenians were deported.

- On the eve of the war the Poles and also all the representatives of the other peoples, which were objectionable for the regime, lived in the Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia were deported.

- Besides in Kazakhstan the citizens of the Baltic republics were moved.

- The huge stream of the evacuated population had been arriving in Kazakhstan from the Western regions of the country. 536 th. people evacuated in Kazakhstan, whose autonomous forming were liquidated.

- In August 1941 349713 Germans resettled, resettling of the rest part of the Germans in Kazakhstan went in 1944-1945.

- In Febriary 1944 in Central Asia and Kazakhstan were resettled by force the Chechens and Ingushes, in March -–the Balkars. In November – the Turks- Meskhetines and also the Crimean Tatars, Karachais, Kalmyks and other illegally repressed whole peoples.

In October 1946 in Kazakhstan 890698 “special migrants” lived

In the end of the 20-s the mass repression began in Kazakhstan. In the 1928 44 “bourgeois nationalist activists of “Alash-Horde” were arrested. Among them: A.Bukeykhanov, A.Baytursynov, M.Zhumabayev, Zh.Aimautov. In 1930 other group of intelligent (about 40 men) were arrested: M.Tynyshpayev, Kh.Dosmukhamedov. In 1937-1938 repression had mass character. T.Ryskulov, D.Sadvakasov, U.Issayev, U.Djandossov and other state and social activists were repressed and killed. Representatives of the Kazakh literature and science S.Seifullin, B.Mailin, I.Djansugurov, K.Zhubanov, S.Asfendiarov and others were killed.

7 concetration camps were formed in Kazakhstan. Biggest of them Karlag, ALJIR for wives of betrayers and others.

2. On June 22, 1941 the Great Patriotic War began. According “Barbarossa” plan Kazakhstan should been entered to “Gross Turkestan” and “the Moslems had to be slaves of the German race”.

Political plans of German fascism: to form an empire; Moslem’s states: Turkestan (the eastern part); “Idel-Ural” (the Western part). In perspective – to form a colony “Great Turkestan” (Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Tataria, Bashkiria, Azerbaidjan, North Caucasus, Crimea, Sintsyan, North Afganistan, Iran).

The economic purpose: to form the region supplying Germany with raw materials and food.

Political purpose: to use this territory in the struggle against Moscow; to break the plan of Britain in the East.

3. In 1939 the population of Kazakhstan was 6,2 mln. People, 1mln 200 th of them were mobilized to the army: every fifth man was sent to the fronts and defence industry. At the first period of the war there were formed, trained and sent to the fronts 16 rifles and cavalry divisions, 7 brigades.

One of the first was organized the 316 rifles regiment consisted of the mobilized people from Alma-Aty, Djambul and South-Kazakhstan regions. (Panfilov regiment). 27 military schools trained officers. The glory of the Kazakhstanians was born near the Moscow, where 316 regiment took part. Heroism of 28 soldiers. B.Momyshuly – his batalyon defeated the enemies which 3 times surpassed the number of Kazakhstan soldiers. B.Momysuly was awarded by the title of the Hero of the SU in 1990. Heroes of the Soviet Union T.Tokhtarov, M.Gabdullin and others fought at Moscow.

310, 314 devisions from Kazakhstan took part in defense of Leningrad (S.Baimagambetov- Hero of the SU). In the autumn of 1942 Western-Kazakhstan region became front line. 120 divisions of Stalingrad front were dislocated here. (N.Abdirov, S.Spatayev, G.Ramayev and others fought at Stalingrad). Stations Saikhan, Shungai, Zhanibek were bombed by German aviation.

During the Patriotic War 499 Kazakhstanians, 99 Kazakhs among them were awarded by the title of the Hero of the SU. Pilots T.Begeldinov, L.Beda, I.Pavlov, S.Luganski awarded twice. Two Kazakh girls M.Mametova and A.Moldagulova became the Heroes of US. 410 th. Kazakstanians didn’t return from the war.

4. 670 th. people worked in industry. 1.5 mln. Were evacuated to Kazakhstan. In 1941-1942 220 factories and plants from Ukraine, Beylorussia, Moldova, Moscow and Leningrad evacuated to Kazakhstan. During 1941-1945 460 enterprises were built in Kazakhstan.

2/3 of the mobilizing were workers of agriculture. 80% women worked in kolkhozes and demonstrated labor heroism. Sh.Bersiev from kolkhoz "Kurman"”of Aktjubinsk region made world record in cultivation of millet (202 centner from hect. I.Zhakayev from kolkhoz “Kzyl-Tu” Kzyl-Orda region gathered 172 centners of rice from hect. Kim Man Sam gathered 150 centners of rice from hect.

Cultural and scientific societies were evacuated to Kazakhstan. Moscow and Leningrad movie studious, more than 20 scientific offices. Academics V.Obruchev, A.Pankratova, U.Vernadski, A.Scochinski and others worked in Kazakhstan during the War. About heroes of front and rear wrote Zh.Zhabayev, M.Auezov, S.Mukanov, D.Snegin, D.Muldagaliev, S.Maulenov, S.Seitov, Zh.Sain. About 90 writers and poets of Kazakhstan fought on fronts.

Glossary

Rear	тыл
Objectionable	нежелательный
Part	остальной

1. Tasks for IWS: Analyze “The main stages of the II WW”.
2. Task for IWS under a teacher’s control: Write a short report: “Kazakhstan rear in 1941-1945.”
3. Home tasks: Write a short essay: “Deportation of people to Kazakhstan in 30-40-s.”.
4. List of the reference on the theme

1. Асфендияров С.Д. История Казахстана (с древних времен): Уч.Пособие / Под ред. А.С.Такенова. – Алма-Ата, 1993. – 2-е изд.

2. История Казахстана с древнейших времен до наших дней. Очерк. – Алматы: Дэуир, 1993.

3. История Казахстана: Пособие для студентов. – Алматы: Казинтерграф, 1998.

4. Кан Г.В. История Казахстана: Учеб. Пособие. – Алматы: ВШП Эдилет, 2000.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04