The imperative – expresses commands, requests, suggestions, instruction.

The imperative mood

The imperative – expresses commands, requests, suggestions, instruction.

Forms	Examples
Commands
Affirmative:	Don't hesitation contact to us if you need information. Do hurry. (This Do could be persuasive.)
Addressing someone	You entry there. Be sure to give me a call when you arrive in German (Обязательно позвони когда приедешь в Германию.
Imperative question (со смягчением)	Do it,will you.
let us (let's) + bare infinitive When we use negative, we can put not before the infinitive or put don't before let's	Let us stand together in this emergency. Don't let's tell the police. Let's not tell the police.
Warning	Look out!!!
Subject + shall (in written English) Shall can be used in very formal written regulations which will normally remain in force for some time.	The Chairman, Secretary, and Treasurer shall be elected annually.
must	You must not mention this meeting to anyone.
Instructions or orders can be conveyed by the be + infinitive construction	You are to report for duty immediately.
Prohibitions may be expressed in written instructions by may not	Candidates may not bring textbooks into the examination room.
Requests
Can is the most informal Could is the most generally useful Couldn't (with favourable(положительный) answer)	Can I have a sweet? (when used by adults, sounds more confident) Could I have two tickets, please? I can't wait. ~ Couldn't you wait five minutes?
May and might are more formal than could and We can use same construction as ask + indirect object + for + object	May/Might I have a copy of the letter? He asked for a copy of the letter.
Ask to see/to speak to = may/could see	I asked to see Mr Jones. May/Could I see Mr Jones? = I asked for Mr. Jones
Do you think/I wonder(ed)/was wondering if are more diffident (неуверенно в себе, стеснительно)	I wonder/was wondering if I could have tomorrow off?
Will/would you (please) = Could you	Will/Would you please count your change? Shut the door, will you?
You'll... won't you? (used mainly among friends)	You'll write to me, won't you?
Would you mind+ gerund	Would you mind moving your car?
Perhaps you would	Perhaps you would let me know when your new stock arrives.
If you would (the speaker is quite sure will be obeyed)	If you'd wait a few minutes…
Would you like to...?	Would you like to take a seat? = Please take a seat.
I should/would be very grateful if you would (in letters)	I should be very grateful if you would let me know if you have any vacancies.
Would you be good/kind enough Would you be so kind as	Would you be good/kind enough to keep me informed?
I wish you would	I wish you 'd give me a hand.

Invitation (приглашение)
Will you have/would you like + noun	Will you have a drink? She offered me a drink/a coffee(indirect speech)
Will/would/could you? would you like to?	Would/Could you have lunch with me? or Would you like to have lunch with me?
Answers to invitations
Offers of a drink/a cigarette are usually answ.	Yes, please or No, thank you.
Would you/could you/would you like are usually answered:	I'd like to very much/I'd love to or I'd like to very much but I'm afraid I can't.
Advice
Must, ought to and should	You must read this book. It's marvellous.
Advise + object (in indirect speech)	He advised me to plant trees.
You had better + bare infinitive	You 'd better take off your wet shoes
If I were you I should/would	If I were you I'd buy a car.
I advise/would advise (you)+ infinitive/ gerund	I'd advise applying at once.
Why don't you...?	Why don't you learn to play your guitar?
It is time you + past tense	It is time you bought a new coat.
May/might as well + infinitive (express very unemphatic advice)	You may/might as well ask him
Suggestions
Let's or shall I/we let's + infinitive	Let's get the paint today, shall we?
Let's not(a negative answer)	Let's take the tent. ~ Let's not!
Why don't we/you + infinitive or why not + infinitive/expression of time or place	Why don't we meet and discuss it? Why not meet and discuss it?
What's wrong with/what's the matter with + noun	What's wrong with the hotel?
What/how about + gerund/noun	Where shall we sleep?-What about renting a caravan?
Suppose I/we/you + present or past tense	Suppose you offer/offered to pay him?
Suggest (+ possessive adjective) + gerund, or suggest that + subject + present tense/should. suggest + should + infinitive is more formal	I suggest (предложить)(your) selling it.
That... should be is necessary in the passive.	I propose that a report should be sent in.
Suggestions in indirect speech
Suggest/suggested (+ possessive adjective) + gerund, or suggest that + subject + present tense /should, or suggested that + subject + past tense/ should, or suggest (any tense) + noun/pronoun.	Ann suggests that he sells/should sell his house. Ann suggested that he sold/should sell it.

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