1. Recycling is the reprocessing of materials into new products. Recycling generally prevents the waste of potentially useful materials, reduces the consumption of raw materials and reduces energy

RECYCLING

1. Recycling is the reprocessing of materials into new products. Recycling generally prevents the waste of potentially useful materials, reduces the consumption of raw materials and reduces energy hence greenhouse gas emissions, compared to virgin production. Recycling is a key concept of modern waste management.

2. Recyclable materials, also called "recyclables", may originate from a wide range of sources including the home and industry. They include glass, paper, aluminium, asphalt, iron, textiles and plastics. Biodegradable waste, such as food waste or garden waste, is also recyclable with the assistance of micro-organisms through composting or anaerobic digestion. Recyclables are sorted and separated into material types. Their contamination with other materials must be prevented to increase the recyclables' value and facilitate easier reprocessing for the ultimate recycling facility. This sorting can be performed either by the producer of the waste or within semi- or fully-automated facilities.

3. Recycling is beneficial in two ways: it reduces the inputs (energy and raw materials) to a production system and reduces the amount of waste produced for disposal. Some materials like aluminium can be recycled indefinitely as there is no change to the materials. Recycling aluminium saves 95% of the energy cost of processing new aluminium because the melting temperature is reduced from 900 °C to 600 °C. It is by far the most efficient material to recycle. Other recycled materials like paper require a percentage of wood fibres to be added to compensate for the degradation of existing fibres.

4. If the resources being processed are purer, less energy is needed to process them and less energy is needed to transport from the place of extraction. This reduces the environmental, social, and usually the economic costs of manufacturing. The maximum environmental benefit is gained by reducing the amount of waste produced and reusing items in their current form such as refilling bottles. [1737]

1. Определите, является ли утверждение ложным, истинным, в тексте нет информации:

a) Waste processing cuts the cost of product manufacturing.

b) Biodegrading is a kind of waste recycling.

c) Wastes sorting for further processing is done only by the materials recycling facilities.

d) Iron and steel are the world's most recyclable materials.

2. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

a) The types of recyclables are numerous.

b) Materials differ in the degree of being beneficial.

3. Ответьте на вопрос

Why is recycling a key concept of modern waste management?

a) Because it accelerates consumption of raw materials.

b) Because it reduces economic and environmental ill-effects of production.

c) Because much energy is required to process wastes.

d) Because it presupposes managing new manufacturing facilities.

4. Определите основную идею текста

a) Aluminium doesn't change its properties while processed.

b) Contamination of wastes with other materials must be prevented to make the reprocessing easier.

c) Recycling is a significant way of receiving environmental, social and economic benefits.

d) Recyclables should be sorted into material types.

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