Hunting is the practice of pursuing any living organism, usually wildlife or feral animals, by humans for food, recreation, or trade.

Definition

Hunting is the practice of pursuing any living organism, usually wildlife or feral animals, by humans for food, recreation, or trade.

Histiry

Hunting was a necessary activity of early humans. Through the Paleolithic period it was their chief means of obtaining food and clothing.

In the Neolithic period, when agriculture developed, killing game was still important. Hunting was popular among the ancients and became a sport in medieval Europe, where it was reserved, as far as possible, for the privileged classes by game laws. Use of hunting dogs—hounds, setters, pointers, spaniels, and the like—became widespread in this period.

Виды охоты

Hunting can be divided into three branches, each of which is defined by the type of instrument used by the hunter.

1)Hunting with weapons

2)Trapping (заманивание в ловушку)

and snaring with deceptive implements

3) In coursing (with dogs охота с собаками) and falconry (with hawks охота с птицами - ястребами) hunters use trained animals. Coursing is especially popular in Britain and Western Europe.

Types of hunting are also distinguished by the size of the animal

1)Big-game hunting

It became a popular sport among Western colonialists in Africa and India during the 19th cent., and even today the big-game safari survives. Big-game animals include, or have included, the moose, caribou, bear, and elk of North America; the reindeer, elk, and wolf of Europe; the tiger, leopard, elephant, and wild goat of Asia; and the antelope, gazelle, zebra, leopard, lion, giraffe, rhinoceros, and elephant of Africa.

2) Small-game hunting, known as "shooting" in Great Britain, focuses on birds such as the quail, partridge, grouse, pheasant, and goose, as well as on such animals as the hare, rabbit, woodchuck, raccoon, and squirrel.

Вымирают виды

Extensive hunting has made many species of game animals extinct (вымирающими стало много видов из-за обширной охоты) (например. the passenger pigeon) or nearly extinct (the American bison).

Законы

Game laws and wildlife refuges in the United States have been designed to save game animals and birds from extinction. (вымирание)

Many African nations have also instituted such measures, but illegal poaching(браконьерство) for furs(ради мехи), skins, ivory(слоновой кости), internal organs, and the like remains a problem both there and in other areas of the world.

Меры

Closed and open season

A closed season is a time during which hunting an animal of a given species is contrary to law. Typically, closed seasons are designed to protect a species when they are most vulnerable (уязвимы) or to protect them during their breeding season.

Poaching (браконьерство) are normally punishable by law. Punishment can include confiscation of equipment, fines and/or a prisonsentence. In Costa Rica, all forms of sport hunting have been illegal since December 10, 2012

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04