CANADA
Canada is a large country in North America. Occupying the territory of 9,970,610 square km, Canada is the world's second largest country in area after Russia. 7,6 percent of its territory is inland water. Canada's population is about 27 million people. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.
Canada now belongs to the Commonwealth of Nations. Her ties with Britain are not as strong as they were. Queen Elizabeth II is still Queen of Canada, but she has a governor-general to represent her there.
Canada is a country with developed market economy closely linked with that of the United States. It is one of the world's major grain produces. Wheat is the chief export crop: others include feed grains, oilseeds, apples, potatoes, and maple syrup. The timber industry is very well developed, and forest resources are vast. Canada is the leading exporter of wood and wood products. Food and beverage manufacturing, petroleum refining, and the production of motor vehicles are among the dominating industries.
Other important industries include j?Sper production, meatpacking and iron and steel production Machinery, transport equipment and high technology products make up the leading exports.
Fishing is also an important export industry. Fish are caught both in the country's rivers and in the ocean. Furs are another significant export product.
The principle religion of the country is Roman Catholicism, with the United Church of Canada and the Anglican Church of Canada also claiming large memberships.
ascendancy панування
maple клен
crop сільськогосп. культура
oilseed насіння масничної культури
maple syrup кленовий сироп
timber лісоматеріал
construction будівництво
1. What is the territory and the population of Canada?
2. What is the capital of Canada?
3. Who is the Queen of Canada?
4. What are the major industries of Canada?
5. What are the main exports of Canada?
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THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF CANADA
The Canadian government is rather British in style. The head of the government is the Prime Minister, often called "PM", as in Britain. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons.
The Federal Government has a Senate and House of Commons, and each province also has a House of Commons.
Governmental structure and authority are based on both the British North America Act of 1867 and on unwritten legal custom. Britain's nominal influence in Canada’s constitutional matters ended with the Constitutional Act of 1982, proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II on April 17, 1982. The Act was approved by the Canadian and British parliaments, and made Canada wholly independent.
However the British monarch serves as Canada's symbolic execu ti ve, appoints the governor-general on the advice of the Canadian primemister. All bills must pass bothhouses to become Laws; only the House of Commons may introduce bills for the expenditure of public funds or the imposition of any tax.
The three main political organizations in Canada are the Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party and the New Democratic Party.
Canada participates in both North Atlantic Treaty Organization defence and United Nations Treaty peace-keeping activities.
executive голова виконавчої влади
participate брати участь
North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Північноатлантичний союз (NATO)
defence оборона
1. Who is the head of Canadian government?
2. What are the governmental structure and authority based on?
3. When was the Constitutional Act proclaimed? What is the importance of the Constitutional Act?
4. What are the functions of the British monarch?
5. What are three main political organizations in Canada?
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CANADIAN SYMBOLS
All of Canada's provinces and territories have symbols that are special to them. These symbols may appear on their flags.
Two of the most popular Canadian symbols are the beaver and the Maple leaf.
The beaver
The beaver represents the importance of the fur trade in the early history of Canada. The early explorers, although disappointed that they did not find the riches of China in the New World, notice the great numbers of forest animals and other natural resources. The beaver fur hat was the fashion in Europe between the 1600-1700. France soon realized that Canada or New France as it was called then, could provide great riches in furs. England recognized this as well when it set up the Hudson's Bay Company to trade for furs.
Beaver furs made many of the early settlers very rich. They created a new coin that was worth one beaver pelt. The beaver appeared on badges, medals and stamps. Before the start of the fur trade there were more than 6 mill ion beavers in Canada. By the middle of the, 19th century they were almost extinct! During the peak of the fur trade over 100,000 beaver pelts were shipped to Europe each year. The future of the beaver was saved only because fashion changed. Silk hats were now popular and so they stopped trapping the beavers! On March 24, 1975, the beaver officially became an emblem of Canada.
beaver бобер
fur міх
badge значок
stamp марка
1. Do all of Canada's provinces and territories have the same symbols?
2. What does the beaver represent?
3. Why is the beaver the national symbol of Canada?
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Maple Leaf
Maple Leaf has been a symbol of Canada for over 200 years. It was used in the 1800's to decorate Canadian emblems and badges. In 1868, the Maple Leaf was part of the design for the Coats of Arms of the provinces of Quebec and Ontario.
It used to be on every Canadian coin. Today it is only on the penny.
Maple Leaf лист клена
decorate прикрашати
Coats of Arms герб
1. What has been a symbol of Canada for over 200 years?
2. Why was Maple Leaf used in the 1800's?
3. Is Maple Leaf on every Canadian coin і now?
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The Canadian flag
The Canadian flag was first raised on top of the Peace Tower on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, on February 15, 1965. More than 2,600 designs for a flag had been sent in to the Canadian government! There were other flags before this one, but they all looked like the British flag. The red and white flag with the Maple Leaf in the middle is the first distinctly Canadian flag: red and white have been Canada's official colours since 1921. The Maple Leaf has been a symbol of Canada since the 1700's.
The Governor General and the Queen each have their own personal Canadian flags. Wherever they are in Canada their flags fly over buildings that they stay in. The Queen is the Canadian Head of State. The Governor General is her representative in Canada.
raise піднімати
top верховина
Governor General генерал-губернатор
personal особистий
representative представник
1. When was the Canadian flag first raised?
2. Why was it difficult to choose a design for Canadian flag?
3. What is the first distinctly Canadian flag?
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The Canadian Coat of Arms
The fleur-de-lis is a symbol of ianada's historic connection to France. There are fleur-de-lis on Canada's Coat of Arms and on the provincial flag of Quebec.
The Union Jack and the Royal Crown appear as symbols on provincial flags and Coats of Arms.
They represent the historic connection between Great Britain and Canada.
fleur-de-lis геральдична лілія
connection зв'язок
Union Jack Британський прапор
1. Why is fleur-de-lis a symbol of Canada?
2. Where can we see fleur-de-lis?
3. What appear as symbols on provincial flags and Coats of Arms?
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PEOPLE OF CANADA
Canada's a multinational country. 50% of the population make up the people of English and French origin, while those of Italian, German, Ukrainian, Russian, Chinese, American Indian and Eskimo origin represent minorities.
Although the birth rate of Canada is comparatively low by world standards, Canada's population has risen from 11.5 million in 1941 to 27 million in 2000. That was possible because of high rate of immigration to Canada. Most people come from Europe, Asia and the USA. There are many Indians, Pakistanis and Chinese too.
The main languages spoken are English and French. There are twice as many English-speakers as French speakers.
Canada is a good example of the way peoples of different languages and different ways of life can live side by side under one government.
More than three-fourths of Canadian population lives in cities.
comparatively відносно
rate of growth ріст населення
considerable значний
twice удвічі
1. What are the main national groups in Canada?
2. What national groups make up minorities?
3. What are the principle languages spoken?
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THE CANADIAN ENGLISH
In speech, Canadians are mainly soft-spoken. Their habit of ending sentences with "eh?" makes them seem to be asking, "Don't you agree?" In writing, Canadians prefer British English spellings: theatre, centre, harbour, neighbourhood, realise. Words for some objects are different: a sofa becomes a more English-sounding chesterfield, a napkin becomes a French serviette, a wandering dog is not lost but gone missing, and native peoples are not Indians or Native Americans but First Nations. Toronto is in the province, not state, of Ontario; the States means the United States. There are differences between Canadian English and British or American English, but don't worry - you'll be understood!
speech мова
mainly переважно
soft-spoken м'яка вимова
worry турбота, тривога
1. What are the peculiarities of Canadian English?
2. Do Canadians prefer British English spellings or American English spelling?
3. Aге there differences between Canadian English and British and American English?
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CANADA DAY
July 1, 1807 is the date of Canada's birthday. Canada's first 4 provinces joined together on this day to form a confederation, one united country. Canadians celebrate this important day with fireworks, parades, and parties in every province. It’s a day for Canadians to express their pride and love for their country. People hang flags from their houses and everyone has a holiday from school and work.
In Ottawa the capital city of Canada, there are huge party in of the parliament buildings.
It lasts all day untill late at night. Canadian singers and dancers from all over Canada perform. The party ends at around midnight with a spectacular fireworks show that lights up the sky.
fireworks салюти
huge величезний
midnight північ
1. When is the date of Canada's birthday?
2. What happened this day?
3. How do people celebrate this that day?
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