Kazakh-American-University

Kazakh-American-University

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History of Kazakhstan I year students

Lecture 18 All departments

Instructor: 2007-2008 academic year

Taichikova K.T. Winter trimester

Kazakhstan during the I WW and February revolution 1917.

The objective of the lecture: To show the political situation in Kazakhstan eve and during the I WW. Foundation of political parties in Kazakhstan, their programs and participation in the February revolution.

Outline of the lecture:

1. I WW beginning.
2. Causes, character, moving forces of uprising.
3. Uprising under the leading of A.Imanov in Turgai.
4. Double power.
5. “Alash”, “Ush-Zhuz” parties foundation.

On August 1, 1914 Russia entered in the I WW. Male population was mobilized on front. Cattle, food, transport, money needed for war. Taxes increased in 3-4 times, in some regions – in 15 times.

The main reasons of national-liberation movement were:

1. Colonial and national oppression.
2. Migration policy, seizure of Kazakh lands.

Tsarist Ukaz on June 25, 1916 “About mobilization of native population for rear works” was declared. Men from 19 till 43 years old should been mobilized. 400 th. Kazakhs, Kirgizes, Uzbeks, Tadjiks, Turkmen, Dungans, Uigurs must been recruited. After declaration Ukaz local uprisings began. Uprisings were headed by A.Djangaldin and A.Imanov in Turgai region, S.Mendeshev, A Aitiev in Uralsk, Zh.Mynbayev in Mangystau, A.Maikutov in Atbasar, S.Seifullin in Akmolinsk, T.Bokin, B.Aishekeyev in Semirechye, T.Rysculov in Syrdarya oblast.

Semirechensk oblast was one of the centers of uprising. The battles took place in Asy, Karkara, Samsy, Kastek, Narynkol, Charyn, Kurama. 95 punitive expeditions were sent for suppression of uprising. In October, 1916 uprising was suppressed. Rebels were arrested, hundred auls were destroyed. More than 300 th. Kazakhs and Kirgizes fled to Chaina.

Uprising was spreaded on Syrdarya, Semipalatinsk, Akmolinsk, Uralsk, Western Kazakhstan regions. But the most mass and organized uprising was in Turgai region, which was headed by A.Imanov and A.Djangaldin. Rebels from Syrdarya, Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk regions moved to Turgai steppe. About 50 th. rebels were numbered in October 1916. On October 22, rebels began siege of Turgai, but they didn’t take Turgai, because the punitive corps under the command of general A.Lavrentyev was sent there. The war got partisan character, and rebels concentrated in Batpakkara, 150 km from Turgai. Uprising lasted till 1917 and merged with events of February revolution.

On February 27, 1917 bourgeois-democratic revolution took place in Russia. Tsar abdicated from power. In March were dismissed and arrested Vice-governor of Uralsk region, general-governor of Western Siberia, governor of Turgai oblast, general-governor of Turkestan.

Double power was established in Kazakhstan. Local organs of Provisional government were formed in March 1917. Representatives of Kazakh National intelligencia were assigned commisars ofr Provosinal government. A.Bukeikhanov in Turgai oblast, M.Tynyshpayev in Semirechey, M.Chokai in Turkestan.

Social-democrats (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks) founded Soviets of workers, peasants and soldiers deputies. In March-April, 1917 more than 25 Soviets were formed.

On July 21-28, 1917 there was held All-Kazakh Congress in Orenburg. Delegates from Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Fergana oblasts and Bukey Khanate arrived to Orenburg. Khalil Dosmukhamedov was a chairman of Congress. 14 points were discussed on Congress: form of state arrangement, autonomy in Kazakh regions, land problem, national militsia, enlightenment, court, religion, female problem etc. Foundation of Kazakh national party “Alash” was solved.

Program of “Alash” was drawn up by A.Bukeikhanov, A.Baytursynov, M.Dulatov,I.Gumarov, T.Zhazhdibayev, A.Birmekanov and consist of 10 points and published in the newspaper “Kazaklh” on November 21, 1917. A. Bukeykhanov was a leader of party. A.Baitursynov, M.Tynyshpayev, M.Zhumabayev, Sh.Kudaiberdiev,S.Toraigyrov. KH.Gabbasov. ZH. And KH. Dosmukhamedovs and others were members of party.

In autumn, 1917 another party “Ush-Zhuz” was formed (Kazakh Socialist Party). Party was against the idea of the “Alash” about their own autonomy and proposed to form an autonomy as a part of Russia. Mukan Aitpenov was a chairman of party, later Kolbay Togusov. In March, 1919 K.Togusov was ececuted, other leaders of “Ush-Zhuz” were arrested and sentenced to death too. The party was liquidated.

Glossary

Oppress подавлять

Rear тыл

Rebel повстанец

Be numbered насчитывать

Siege осада

Corps корпус

Merge сливаться

Punitive карательный

Draw up составлять

Sentence to death приговаривать к смерти

Execute казнить

Assign назначать

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