Exam testing of discipline "Psychology and Human Development"
1. Carl Rodgers is considered to be:
a) a humanistic theorist;
b) a trait theorist;
c) a psychoanalyst;
d) a behaviorist;
2. A cognitive approach:
a) looks at how each individual makes sense of their world;
b) looks for characteristics which groups of people have in common;
c) looks at our mental processes;
d) concentrates on personality traits;
3. Testrs that measure mental characteristics are known as:
a) psychological tests;
b) phenomenological tests;
c) psychoanalytical tests;
d) psychometric test;
4. A social approach:
a) looks at the way that our environment affects our behavior;
b) how our internal physiological processes make up influence our behavior;
c) looks at how we interact other people;
d) focuses on individual experience;
5. A test that measures what it is supposed to measure is said to be:
a) invalid;
b) reliable;
c) valid;
d) predictive;
6. Which of the following areas of the brain is thought to be responsible for homeostasis;
a) the pons;
b) corpus callosum;
c) cerebrum;
d) hypothalamus;
7. Internal locus of control means:
a) seeing events as being outside of ones control;
b) seeing oneself as being responsible for making events happen;
c) being a dominant personality;
d) being anxious;
8. Self-efficacy is a term used to describe:
a) the amount of belief you have in your own competence;
b) over-eating;
c) levels of motivation;
d) a lack of self-confidence;
60. Affiliative needs are:
a) biological needs;
b) needs for relationship with other people;
c) monetary needs;
d) economic needs;
9. Social learning theorists emphasize:
a) punishments and rewards;
b) the transmission of social expectations;
c) the processes of imitation and identification;
d) the first five years of a child's life;
10. Which one of the following statements is true:
a) children display learning in their behavior immediately;
b) children take in and learn more than they actually show in their behavior;
c) children learn aggressive acts quicker than other behavior;
d) children learn co-operation before learning other types of behavior;
11. Erikson's model of psychosocial development focuses on:
a) the conflict between the id and superego;
b) the resolution of the Oedipus complex;
c) the relationship that an individual has with others in society;
e) cross-cultural studies of behavior;
9. According to Ericson, psychological problems occur:
a) when an individual is inefficiently prepared to cope with society's changing demands;
b) when a person's id is very strong;
c) only when we reach adolescence;
10. when a person has a strong conscience;
11. Jean Piaget was:
a) a behaviorist;
b) a psychoanalyst;
c) astructuralist;
d) a feminist;
12. Indicate type of non-verbal communication that the study of body movements, facial expression, and gestures rkinesicsjy
-haptics;
-promxemics;
-paralanguage;
Kinesics
13. What type of learning is included an imitation of adult behavior:
- Classical conditioning;
-operant conditioning
; - observational learning;
-physiology learning;
16. An "'operation" in Piaget's theory is:
a) an action that a child only performs in the sensorimotor stage;
b) any set of actions that produce an effect on the environment;
c) a cognitive structure that we use to guide our behavior;
d) a stage of development; ' •
17. The second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is:.
a) the sensory-motor stage;
b) the pre-operational stage;
c) the formal operational stage;
d) the oral stage;
18. A pre-operational child has not yet acquired:
a) conservation;
b) object permanence;
c) body schema;
d) a conscience;
19. Piaget believed that children learn best through:
ж) association:
b) guidance:
c) discovery learning;
a) conditioning;
20. ZPD stands for:
a) zone of psychological development;
b) zone of personal difference;
c) c) zone of proximal development;
d) zone of proximity and distance;
21. Indicate type of communication that people do not say what they think, and what you should say in such cases
-primitive communication;
-formally-role communication;
secular communication;
-business communication;
22. Indicate type of non-verbal communication that the study of the physical distance
-kinesics;
-haptics;.
promxemics ^
-paralanguage;
23. Which theory of emotion states that "We feel sorrow because we weep"
a) the James-Lange theory;
b) the Cannon-Bard theory;
c) Schechter and Singer's theory;
d) Anxiety's theory;
24. Who was founder of Behaviorism? –
Z. Freud;
-W. James;
-W. Wundt;
- Watson;
25.An important brain system which appears to play a part in attention and arousal is the:
a) Limbic system;
b) endocrine system; I
c) reticular, activating system
e) lymphatic system;
26. Which one of the following statements is true:
a) some people never dream;
b) we all dream for several periods during any one night;
c) we dream continuously through the night;
d) we have only one dream;
27. Freud suggested that we dream in order to:
a) develop the superego;
b) let our unconscious wishes and desires come to the force;
c) relax;
d) get rid of aggression;
28. Hunger1 seems to be controlled by the:
a) hippocampus;
b) hypothalamus;
c) visual cortex;
d) the pons;
29. What kind of mechanism of social perception that refers to positive feelings about another person
-interpersonal attraction
-empathy;
-reflection;
-identification;
30. Most of our perception takes place in the:
a) cerebellum;
b) cerebrum;
c) auditory cortex;
d) the hypothalamus;
e)
31. What is identification mechanism?
-individual awareness of how they are perceived by the partner in communication;
-refers to positive feelings about another person;
-is understood as the ability to an emotional response to the challenges and experiences of other;
-interpretation of the mechanism of actions and feelings of another person;
-that one of the easiest ways to understand another person is likening yourself to them;
32. Divergent thinking occurs when a person:
a) looks for one right answer;
b) fails to find a suitable answer;
c) considers many possible answers;
d) thinks of two totally different answers;
33. One approach to problem solving is to use the technique of brainstorming. This is where:
a) all members of a group say any ideas that come into their heads, no matter how silly;
b) all members of a group sit and think for a long time in order to decide upon sensible solutions to a problem.
c) only the leaders of a group are allowed to offer solutions to a problem.
d) a computer is used to find alternative solutions.
34- Tobnan believed that much of human learning involves:
a) simple association of one idea with another;
b) reinforcement;
c) building cognitive maps;
d) using schemata;
35.Who was founder of gestalt psychology?
- M. Wertheimer
-W. James;
-B. Skinner;
-Z. Freud;
36.The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that:
a) thought is independent from language;
b) thought is the same as language;
c) thought is dependent on language;
d) language is dependent on thought;
37.What is empathy?
-individual awareness of how they are perceived by the partner in communication; -refers to positive feelings about another person;
-is understood as the ability to an emotional response to the challenges and experiences of other;
-interpretation of the mechanism of actions and feelings of another person; - That one of the easiest ways to understand another person is likening yourself to them;
38.Brown argued that the most important aspect of speech for a child was:
a) the meaning that it was trying to get across.
b) the utterance of any words that it had learned;
c) hearing the sound of its own voice;
d) listening to its parents' speech;
39.Telegraphic speech is:
a) speech with the most important function words left out.
b) speech with all the verbs left out;
c) speech with all the unimportant function words left out.
d) words that are written rather than spoken;
40.Operant conditioning occurs when:
a) we repeat an action because it has pleasant consequences for us:
b) we repeat an action because it has unpleasant consequences for us.
c) we fail to repeat an action.
d) we repeat an action irrespective of its consequences;
41.Behavior shaping refers to a process whereby:
a) all behaviors are rewarded;
b) some behaviors are rewarded but others are not;
c) the child is punished if it is naughty;
d) the child is taught to speak properly;
42.Chomsky believed that language was acquired through:
a) learning;
b) Learning, but was also influenced to some extent by our genes;
c) our genetic inheritance;
d) classical conditioning;
43.The evaluative part of the self-concept is known as the:
a) self-image;
b) social-identify;
c) self-efficacy;
d) self-esteem;
44.The ego works on the:
a) pleasure principle;
b) unconscious principle;
c) reality principle;
d) Oedipus complex;
45. Eysenk was a:
a) trait theorist;
b) type theorist:.
c) humanist:
d) behaviorist;
46. What is causal attribution?
-individual awareness of how they are perceived by the partner in communication;
- refers to positive feelings about another person;
-is understood as the ability to an emotional response to the challenges and experiences of other;
-interpretation of the mechanism of actions and feelings of another person;
-that one of the easiest ways to understand another person is likening yourself to them;
47.What is reflection?
- individual awareness of how they are perceived by the partner in communication; -refers to positive feelings about another person;
-is understood as the ability to an emotional response to the challenges and experiences Ы ocher.
-esrpriSSDcm of the mechanism of actions re fee.mgs of another person;
-that o~e of the easiest ways to understand another person is likening yourself to them;
48. What is motivation?
a) is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain.
b) is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
c) is a psychology term which means “unified whole”.
d) is the cognitive process, that is provided of remembering, preserving and further reproduction of past experience.
49. Memory is…
a) is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain.
b) is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
c) is a psychology term which means “unified whole”.
d) is the cognitive process, that is provided of remembering., preserving and further reproduction of past experience.
50. Nominal group is
- characterized by a temporary voluntary association of people on the basis of community space;
-mediated only personally meaningful goals; -the highest form of human association; -united only by internal goals, without departing from its scope, including the expense of other groups;
51. Association is
-characterized by a temporary voluntary association of people on the basis of community space;
-mediated only personally meaningful goals; -the highest form of human association; -united only by internal goals, without departing from its scope, including the expense of other groups;
Freud describes several additional enduring patterns of protective behavior for preventing or reducing anxiety
e) strategies
f) defence mechanisms
g) actions
h) operations
52. Who created the first test for the.assessment of intelligence:
a) Binet;
b) Galton;
c) Cattell;
d) Miinsterberg;
53.Indicate the scientist concerned with the gestalt:
a) M. Wertheimer
b) J.Watson,
c) Freud,
d) D.Miller,
54.Indicate the founder of cognitive psychology:
a) D. Bruner
b) J.Watson
c) M. Wertheimer
d) Freud
55.What is approach of psychology studied how we interact with other people
a) the cognitive approach
b) the development approach
c) the humanistic approach
d) the social approach
56.What is approach of psychology studied how human beings change over time?
a) the cognitive approach
d) the development approach
cii) the humanistic approach
d) the social approach
57. What is approach of psychology focused on individual experience, personal growth?
a) the cognitive approach
b) the development approach
c) the humanistic approach
d) the social approach
58.Industrial-Organizational Psychology is a field psychology
a) that utilizes scientific methods to research the mind and behavior
b) that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations.
c) that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn
d) that analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors, thoughts and feelings.
59. Cognitive Psychology is a field psychology
a) that utilizes scientific methods to research the mind and behavior
b) that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations.
c) that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn
d) that analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors, thoughts and feelings.
60. Experimental Psychology is a field psychology
a) t hat utilizes scientific methods to research the mind and behavior
b) that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations.
c) that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn
d) that analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors, thoughts and feelings.
61. Biopsychology is a field psychology
a) that utilizes scientific methods to research the mind and behavior
b) that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations.
c) that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn
d) that analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors, thoughts and feelings.
62. What does scientific approach begin with a theory?
a) The inductive approach
b) The hypothetico-deductive approach
c) The structural approach
d) The General scientific approach
63. What does scientific approach begin with the collection data?
a) The inductive approach
b) The hypothetico-deductive approach
c) The structural approach
d) The General scientific approach
64. What types of research involves of studying in natural environment?
a) case-study
b) survey
c) psychological testing
d) naturalistic observation
65. What are types of research used in the news, especially to gather viewer opinions?
a) case-study
b) survey
c) psychological testing
d) naturalistic observation
66. What is a classical conditioning?
a) It is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response
b) It is a learning process in which probability of response occurring is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment
c) It is a process in which learning occurs through observing and imitating others
d) it is a process in which learning occurs through thinking, memory, knowing, and problem solving
67. What is an observational conditioning?
a) It is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response
b) It is a learning process in which probability of response occurring is increased Or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment
c) It is a process in which learning occurs through observing and imitating others
d) it is a process in which learning occurs through thinking, memory, knowing, and problem solving
68. What is an operant conditioning?
a) It is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response
b) It is a learning process in which probability of response occurring is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment
c) It is a process in which learning occurs through observing and imitating others
d) it is a process in which learning occurs through thinking, memory, knowing, and problem solving
69. Who created Trait Theory?
a) Eysenk
b) Allport
c) Vygotsky
d) Masiow
70. What is a synesthesia?
a) is the point where something becomes noticeable to our senses.
b) is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain.
c) a sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality.
d) is process, that permits a living creature to find balance with its surroundings and efficiently respond to changes in stimuli
71. What is the absolute threshold?
a) is the point where something becomes noticeable to our senses.
b) is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain.
c) a sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality.
d) is process, that permits a living creature to find balance with its surroundings and efficiently respond to changes in stimuli
72. What type of thinking assesses the worth and validity of something existent?
a) critical thinking
b) creative thinking
c) divergent thinking
d) inductive thinking
73. What type of thinking generates something new, or different
a) critical thinking
b) creative thinking
c) divergent thinking
d) inductive thinking
74. Who first developed intelligence test?
a) Jean Piaget
b) John Dewey
c) Alfred Binet
d) Carl Osgood
75. What kind of lobe responses for visual reception and visual recognition? -cercbellum
- occipital lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-frontal lobe
76. What part of brain involved in planning, organizing, and problem solving etc.?
frontal lobe
77. What kind of lobe responses for controls sensation: touch, pressure?
parietal lobe
78. Which age is characterized of trying to establish self-identity?
Adolescence
79. Which age is characterized of learning to accept responsibility for actions and accept criticism?
80. Sensation is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain
81.What is term defined belief in innumerable spiritual beings?
Scientology (но эт не точноL) или Arumism
82. Who was founder functionalism? William James
83. When was opened first research laboratory in psychology? 1879, in Germany
84. The process of looking inward to identify how one feels, thinks, and acts is...
Mental process
85. Who was championed humanism?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
86. Temperament is
is behavioral style: the how of behavior rather than the what or why.
87. What is the sum total of the physical, mental, and social characteristics of a person? Personality
88. Is the particular character, or aggregate of qualities, that distinguishes one person from others? Individuality
89. What did the school of psychology study only observable behaviors? Behaviorism
90. -Who conducted the Bobo doll experiment?. Albert Bandura
91. Superego is develops last at about the age of 5
92. Ego is develops after the ID works on the reality principle
93. Who introduced a term "collective unconscious"? Carl Jung
94. Who studied idea of superiority and inferiority? Alfred Adler
95. What kind of property of personality concerned with emotional dispositions and reactions and their speed and intensity?
96. Type of nervous system of choleric are strong type.unbalanced.high mobility of NP
97. Type of nervous system of phlegmatic are strong type.well-balanced.low mobility of NP
98. Type of nervous system of melancholic are weak type.unbalanced
99. Type of nervous system of sanguine are strong type.well-balanced.high mobility of NP
100. Who made up three dimension of personality? Hans Eysenck
101. Who was to observe a correlation people's body build and some of their behavior patterns?
(William Sheldon)
102. Endomorphs is chubby people,tending to «pear – shaped»
103. Ectomorphs is slender,often tall people with long arms and legs and fine feautures
104. What kind of property of personality is the set of psychological traits? character
105. Who was founder of Trait theory? Gordon Allport
106. What is level of personality traits characterized the basic foundations of personality? Central Traits
107. Who. introduced the term "Accentuation of character"? Karl Leonhard
108. Demonstrative type is the anomalous ability to displace, pretending used to attract attention to themselves
109. Stuck type is paranoid, the pathological resistance passion. The affect of such a person holds a very long time, although no new experiences do not activate it
110. Excitable type is very interesting person with a lack of controllability nature. what is suggested by reason, not taken into attention. reactions excitable and impulsive personality
111. These people are different timidity, self-doubt, a component of the submission, humiliation is ---- Alarming/anxious
112. Is the highest level of ability? ---- Genious
113. What is giftedness?---
peculiar combination of abilities which provides a person to the succesful implementation of any activity
114. Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion states----- emotion originates in the thalamus "Body" and "Mind" are independently activated at the same time
115. Lazarus Theory of emotion states--- that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal
116. Schachter's Theory of emotion states--- According to this theory, an event causes physiological arousal first
117. Who was founder ' Cognitive dissonance? --- Leon Festinger
118. What is affective mental states that are not object directly, but affect our behavior? -------- Moods
119. What is strong, short emotional state, that reduced self-control? Affect
120. Who first introduced the concept of stress? Walter Cannon
121. Who divided the sense organs into three groups? Charles Scott Sherrington
122. What type of sensation respond to events inside the body?
Proprioceptive
123. What type of sensation respond to events of our environment? exteroceptive
124. Indicate property of sensation: quality, intensity, duration, spatial localization
125. Indicate property of perception: perceptual constancy, selectivity, object recognition, objectivity, recognition
126. Indicate of quality of attention? Focused, sustained,selective,alternating, divided
127. What kind of property of sensation is for determining where object are? Spatial localization
128. What is process finding balance with its surroundings and efficiently respond to changes in stimuli? sensory adaptation
129. What is sensitization?
in contrast to sensory adaptation is when there is an increase in behavioral responses following repeated applications of a particular stimulus
130. What is synesthesia? a sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality
131. What is absolute threshold?
a. is the point where something becomes noticeable to our senses.
132. Once a stimulus becomes detectable to us, how do we recognize if this stimulus changes. What is mechanism of sensation? Difference threshold
133. What is active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses? perception
134. What is sensation?
is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain.
135. What is attention?
Active part of consiousnes. The activity of concentrating mind on a particular matter
136. What type of properties of perception is keeping the appearance of object constant? perceptual constancy
137. What type of properties of perception is allocated predominantly of some object in the comparison with other? selectivity
138. Law of perception: continuity, closure, proximity, similarity, simplicity
139. What is alternating attention?
it refers to the capacity for mental flexibility that allows individuals to shift their focus of attention and more between tasks having different cognitive requirements.
140. What is divided attention?
this is the highest level of attention and it refers to the ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks or multiple task demands
141. What theory of attention associated with emotions? Theodule-Armand Ribot
Who made up set theory of attention D. Uznadze
142.
143. What type of memory is relatively- permanent? long-term memory
144. Indicate of the form of thinking: Apprehension, Judgment, inference
145. Indicate of the operation of thinking: Analysis, Synthesis, Comparison, Generalization, abstracting, Concretization
146. Whorf s linguistic relativity:
Whorf (1952), who implied that in order to think about something, your language had to contain the words for it.
147. Who is author of multiple intelligences? Howard gardner
148. Who is author of primary mental abilities? L.Thurstone
149. What kind of instruments of imaginative operations is used in the design -activity directed on allocation of the most essential signs? accentuation
150. What kind of instruments of imaginative operations is used in the design -activity for the creation of a new product by transferring of various parts of one object to another? agglutination
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