A business can be privately owned in three different forms. These forms are sole proprietorship, the partnership and the corporation. The sole proprietorship is the most common in many western

Types of ownership

SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP

A business can be privately owned in three different forms. These forms are sole proprietorship, the partnership and the corporation. The sole proprietorship is the most common in many western counties. For example, more than 80 per cent of all businesses in the United States are sole proprietorships.

But it is evident that sole proprietorships do not do the greatest volume of business. They account for only 16 percent of all business receipts, for example, in America. What kind of business is likely to be a sole proprietorship? First of all, service industries such as Laundromats, beauty shops, different repair shops, restaurants.

If you go into business alone, it is called sole proprietorship. In such case you needn’t to consult a lawyer to form the business.

You can start or you can stop your business whenever you like. There is no need to consult partners or a board of directors. So you can put your policies into effect quickly. You decide on your vocation, hours, salary, hiring and firing.

But you have unlimited liabilities. It means that you are responsible for all your business debts. If the business fails. I have to declare personal bankruptcy. You don’t get tax benefits which partnerships or corporation can get

PARTNERSHIPS

A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit. When the owners of the partnership have unlimited liability they are called general partners. If partners have limited liabilities they are called “limited partners”. There may be a silent partner as well – a person who is known to the public as a member of the firm but without authority in management. The reverse of the silent partner is the secret partner – a person who takes part in management but who is not known to the public.

Any business may have the form of the partnership, for example, in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, insurance and stockbrokerage. Limited partnerships are a common form of ownership in real estate, oil prospecting, quarrying industries, etc.

Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships if one needs a big capital or diversified management. Like sole proprietorship they are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government.

Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. One is unlimited liability. It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally responsible for the whole business. Another disadvantage is that partners may disagree with each other.

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CORPORATIONS

A business corporation is an institution established for the purpose of making profit. It is operated by individuals. Their shares of ownership are represented by stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stock-holder.

There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. The first is the ability to attract financial resources. The next advantage is that corporation attracts a large amount of capital. It can reinvested it in plants, equipment and research. And the third advantage is that a corporation can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists.

The privately owned business corporation is one type of corporation. There are some other types too. Educational. Religious, charitable institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporation does not issue stock and is non-profitable. If there is a profit it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed to private stockholders.

In some western countries, cities, states federal government and special agencies can establish governmental corporations. A few examples of these governmental corporations are: state universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities. Governmental corporations as a rule are non-profitable and usually they do not issue stock certificates

Дата добавления: 2015-11-04