Министерство Образования и Науки РФ

Министерство Образования и Науки РФ

Национальный исследовательский университет

«МЭИ»

Кафедра английского языка

Типовые грамматические

задания

по курсу «Технический перевод»

(английский язык)

Учебное пособие для

студентов технических вузов

Москва 2011

− 1 −Подготовлено на кафедре английского языка НИУ «МЭИ»

Авторы:

Васильева Н.А., Вишнякова Ю.Н., Иванова Е.В., Попова О.А., Расторгуева

Л.А., Чернова О.В.

Рецензент: Чеботарева О.А.

Редакторы: Бирюкова Л.С., Вишнякова Ю.Н., Кузеванова Е.Н.

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для формирования у

студентов навыков и умений перевода научно-технической литературы на

английском языке.

При этом особое внимание уделяется наиболее часто используемым

лексико-грамматическим конструкциям.

Пособие может быть использовано как для работы в аудитории, так и для

самостоятельной подготовки.

− 2 −Unit 1. The verb to be

Examples:

The Present Simple Tense

1. I am a student. – Я студент.

2. They (we, you) are not students. – Они не студенты.

3. Is he (she) a student? – Он студент?

The Past Simple Tense

1.She (he) was busy yesterday. – Она была занята вчера.

2.We (you, they) were not busy yesterday. – Мы не были заняты

вчера.

3.Was she busy yesterday? – Была (ли) она занята вчера?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1.Electricity is everywhere in the Universe.

2.Energy is an ability to do work.

3.An atom is a basic particle of matter.

4.Atoms are much too smaller for you to see.

5.Coal and oil are sources of energy.

6.Static electricity and electric current are two kinds of electricity.

7.I was at the theatre three months ago.

8.The meeting was at 6 yesterday.

9.Bob was in Paris a year ago.

10. We were good friends at school.

11. They were too busy the other day.

* * *

12. Electricity isn’t a visible force.

13. Kinetic energy isn’t the energy of state.

14. A liquid isn’t anything that has its shape.

15. Electricity isn’t a flow of protons.

16. Charges of electrons aren’t neutral.

17. Natural gas, oil and coal aren’t renewable energy sources.

− 3 −18. I was not angry with Jim yesterday.

19. The weather was not very bad the other day.

20. I wasn’t sure I met him last winter but his face was familiar.

21. They were not in London last summer.

22. The batteries weren’t so powerful to be used in that appliance.

* * *

23. Is the universe finite or infinite?

24. Is electricity a powerful force of nature?

25. Are the charges of nuclei positive or negative?

26. Was she on holiday last year?

27. Were you at home at 5 yesterday?

28. What is electricity?

29. What is a flow of electrons?

30. What are two kinds of electric charges?

31. What are the main elements of atom structure?

32. When was he in Rome? – He was in Rome two weeks ago.

33. When were they at the conference in Novosibirsk?

34. Why weren’t you at the party on Saturday?

Unit 2. The Verb to have

Examples:

The Present Simple Tense

1. I (you, we, they) have got a dictionary. – У меня есть словарь.

2. She (he) hasn’t got a dictionary. (She doesn’t have a dictionary.) –

У нее нет словаря.

3. Has he got a dictionary? (Does he have a dictionary?) – У него есть

словарь?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. I have got a part in the play.

2. The proton and the neutron have almost the same weight.

− 4 −3. They’ve got a lot of problems.

4. We have many sources of energy.

5. I've got some sandwiches. Would you like one?

6. An electron has a negative charge.

7. An atom has a center or a nucleus.

8. A liquid has its own volume.

9. He’s got the first prize!

10. The nucleus has protons or positive particles.

11. Each particle has a definite mass and an electric charge.

* * *

12. Those batteries have not got equal charges.

13. Atoms don’t have any overall charges.

14. I don’t usually have any milk in the house.

15. They even haven’t got electricity in their country-house.

16. A gas has not got its own shape.

17. She hasn’t got any new facts.

18. He has not got any reasons to do it again.

19. He does not have any aunts or uncles.

20. When a body has not got any energy it can’t do work.

21. Не doesn’t have breakfast at home.

* * *

22. Have you got any important news?

23. Have you got an idea where to go?

24. Do all substances have free electrons?

25. Has the nucleus got positive or negative particles?

26. Does a gas have its own weight?

27. Does a thermometer have any scale to define temperature?

28. Does the nucleus of an atom have a positive charge?

29. How many electrical devices have you got in your kitchen?

30. Why do different materials have different melting and boiling

points?

31. Why do substances have different states?

32. What time does your family usually have dinner?

− 5 −Unit 3. There is/there are

Examples:

1. There is a calculator on the

desk. – На парте (находится)

калькулятор.

2. There isn’t a calculator on the

desk. – На парте нет (не

находится) калькулятора.

3. Is there a calculator on

the desk? – На парте

(находится) калькулятор?

1. There are many electric

appliances in the laboratory. –

В лаборатории (находится)

много электрических

приборов.

2. There aren’t electric appliances

in the laboratory. –

В лаборатории нет (не

находятся) электрических

приборов.

3. Are there many electric

appliances in the laboratory? –

В лаборатории (находится)

много электрических

приборов?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1.There is a new electric device in the laboratory.

2.There are two kinds of electricity in the universe.

3.There was a successful experiment a few days ago.

4.There were many inventions in the 20

th

century.

5.There will be a scientific center here.

6.There will be a lot of robots at the plants.

* * *

7.There isn’t a ruler on the desk.

8.There aren’t any wires in the box.

9.There wasn’t an electric current in the circuit.

10. There weren’t many power stations in Russia in 1930s.

11. There won’t be a conference next month.

12. There won’t be any electric charges between these objects.

− 6 −* * *

13. Is there a new electric system in this car? – Yes, there is.

14. Are there different kinds of television systems nowadays? – Yes,

there are.

15. Was there much fuel in the engine? – No, there wasn’t.

16. Were there many electronic devices in the cars a few decades ago? –

No, there weren’t.

17. Will there be future for microelectronics in a few years? – Yes, there

will.

18. Will there be any new programming languages in future? – Yes,

there will.

19. What types of engines are there? – There are steam, fuel and electric

engines.

20. What main parts are there in atoms? – There is a nucleus and

electrons. There are electrons and a nucleus.

21. How many motorcycles are there in the garage? – There are two.

22. There are two kinds of electric charge: positive and negative, aren’t

there?

23. There are different states of matter: solid, liquid and gas, aren’t

there?

24. There were some important discoveries in the 18

th

century, weren’t

there?

25. There will be new designs of computers in the 21

st

century, won’t

there?

Unit 4. The Present Simple Tense (Active)

− 7 −Examples:

1. She usually goes to the cinema once a week. – Она обычно ходит в

кино раз в неделю.

2. She doesn’t go to the cinema once a week. – Она не ходит в кино раз

в неделю.

3. Does she usually go to the cinema once a week? – Она обычно ходит

в кино раз в неделю?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Most shops open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 8.00 p.m.

2. Chemical sources of current have a limited application.

3. Many children have a computer at home.

4. Many people in Los Angeles speak Spanish.

5. The New York subway usually works very well.

6. The capital city, Washington, has a population of about 11 million

people.

7. Charlie plays basketball but he doesn’t enjoy it.

8. The magnetic circuit consists of armature, yoke, and core.

9. David never takes a bus to work.

10. Every day John gets up at 6.30 a.m. and does some exercises in the

garden.

11. She never goes to the cinema alone.

* * *

12. I don’t write many letters. I usually use the telephone.

13. Most people don’t work on Sundays.

14. Schoolchildren don’t usually wear uniform in this country.

15. The banks don’t usually close at lunchtime.

16. Ben’s sister doesn’t speak French but Ben does.

17. My car doesn’t work when it is cold.

18. It doesn’t often snow in California.

19. The battery doesn’t discharge when it doesn’t operate.

20. The electric energy in your home doesn’t come from batteries.

* * *

− 8 −21. Do all metals conduct the electric current?

22. Does the 9.30 train stop at every station?

23. Does the battery change chemical energy into light or electrical

energy?

24. What electrical devices do you use at home?

25. How many eggs do you want for breakfast?

26. Where do computers find wide applications?

27. How many students in your group take part in scientific work?

28. How much do these apples cost?

29. What kind of films do you like?

30. In what branches of science and technology do semiconductors find a

wide application?

31. How much does it cost to phone New York?

32. What time does the film start?

33. What does Sue usually have for lunch?

Unit 5. The Past Simple Tense (Active)

Examples:

1. I studied sixteen hours a day for my exams. – Я занимался

шестнадцать часов в день перед экзаменами.

2. I didn’t study much for my exams. – Я не занимался много перед

экзаменами.

3. Did you study much for your exams? – Ты много занимался перед

экзаменами?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1.I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a shop.

2.Some great scientists of the past melted metals by means of solar

furnaces.

3.She passed her examination because she studied very hard.

4.Lomonosov enriched science with his experiments on atmospheric

electricity.

− 9 −5.We saw a horror film last Saturday.

6. Electronics first established itself in wireless telegraphy.

7. I was very thirsty. I drank the water very quickly.

8.Some years ago this physicist won a prize for his investigation in the

field of nuclear reactors.

9.Isabel attended a language course last summer. She made some new

friends.

10. Ohm’s law gave the possibility to determine resistance.

11. During our voyage across the Atlantic I took several photos of

seabirds.

12. Russian scientists played an important part in solving the problem of

atmospheric electricity.

* * *

13. Mike did not wear trousers for his wedding; he wore a kilt.

14. He was late for the flight. He did not catch the plane at eight this

morning.

15. As children we spent a lot of time helping in the kitchen, but we did

not help in the garden.

16. They didn’t invite her to the party, so she didn’t go.

17. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I didn’t phone her.

18. John didn’t play football; he played basketball.

19. Carol didn’t have fruit for breakfast; she had an egg.

20. I went to the cinema last night but I didn’t enjoy the film much.

21. I didn’t go out last night. I was too tired.

* * *

22. Did you have time to write the letter?’ ‘No, I did not.’

23. Did you go out last night or were you too tired?

24. Did you examine the substances under the microscope?

25. What did the scientists use to transform solar energy into electrical

energy?

26. Who observed the relation between magnetism and the electric

current?

27. Who gave Shakespeare his first job?

− 10 −28. ‘How did you learn to drive?’ ‘My father taught me.’

29. What part of London did you live in when you were a student?

30. When did our scientists improve these transistors?

31. How often did you visit your cousins when you were in the States

last year?

32. When did you get married?

33. What did you do in the evenings when you stayed with your friends?

34. ‘When did you hear your exam results?’ – ‘When I phoned my

teacher’.

Unit 6. The Future Simple Tense (Active)

Examples:

1. A motor in good order will change electric energy into mechanical

energy. – Двигатель в хорошем состоянии будет преобразовывать

электрическую энергию в механическую энергию.

2. A motor in good order will not change electric energy into heat or

chemical energy. – Двигатель в хорошем состоянии не будет

преобразовывать электрическую энергию в тепло или химическую

энергию.

3. Will a motor in good order change electric energy into

mechanical energy? – Будет двигатель в хорошем состоянии

преобразовывать электрическую энергию в механическую

энергию?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. I think we will work in virtual offices in the near future.

2. Electrical engineers will have to solve difficult problems.

3. ‘It’s a bit cold in this room.’ ‘Is it? I’ll turn on the heating then.’

4. ‘I’ll meet you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK?’ ‘OK, that’s

fine.’

5. The energy needs of the world will continue to grow.

− 11 −6. The sun will always be an unlimited source of energy.

7. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.

8. I think in the next few years we will see a lot of shopping on the

Internet.

* * *

9. Iron will not melt at 800° Celsius; it’ll melt at 1535° Celsius.

10. I can see you’re busy, so I won’t stay long.

11. They won’t need more electric energy to warm their house this

winter.

12. You can borrow my brother’s bicycle. I’m sure he won’t mind.

13. The car won’t start. I wonder what’s wrong with it.

14. I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise.

15. Will you wash this shirt for me?’ ‘No, I won’t. You can do your own

washing.’

* * *

16. ‘Shall we go?’ ‘Just a moment. I’m not ready yet.’

17. Will you please be quiet? I am trying to concentrate.

18. Will you be at home this evening?

19. Will scientists be able to stop global warming?

20. Will you hold this box for a moment while I unpack it?

21. Will scientists use solar energy directly to produce useful energy in

the near future?

22. Will molecules in a gas move more quickly if we heat it?

23. What kind of fuel will be in great demand in 2050?

Unit 7. The Present Continuous Tense (Active)

− 12 −Examples:

1. Tony is upstairs in the bathroom. He is washing his hair. – Тони

наверху в ванной. Он моет голову.

2. He is not washing his hair. – Он не моет голову.

3. Is he washing his hair? – Он моет голову?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. I am working. Please don’t make so much noise.

2. I’m looking for Christine. Do you know where she is?

3. I’m tired. I’m going to bed now. Goodnight!

4. Now the machine is sending a direct current into the circuit.

5. The population of the world is rising very fast.

6. She’s on holiday. She’s having a great time and doesn’t want to

come back.

7. It is getting dark. Shall I turn on the light?

8. Computers are becoming important in industry.

9. At present our scientists and engineers are developing new

technologies.

10. The energy sources of the world are decreasing while the energy

needs of the world are increasing.

11. John and I want to go to Greece for our holidays, so we’re learning

Greek.

* * *

12. I want to lose weight, so this week I’m not eating lunch.

13. Well, actually I’m not working at the moment. I’m trying to find a

job.

14. How is your new job?’ ‘Not so good at the moment. I’m not enjoying

it very much.’

15. Let’s go out. It isn’t raining any more.

16. He isn’t staying at a hotel. He is staying with friends.

17. Now as you can see, this relay isn’t operating normally at this

temperature.

18. These engines aren’t operating normally at the moment.

19. Jim and his father aren’t watching TV. They are asleep.

− 13 −20. I think Paul and Ann are angry with each other. They aren’t

speaking.

21.

‘You aren’t working hard today’. ‘No, I don’t have a lot to do.’

* * *

22. Is anybody listening to the radio or can I turn it off?

23. Are the engineers working at a new design now?

24. Are the engineers mounting the contacts on the engine now?

25. ‘Jenny is a student at university’. ‘Is she? What is she studying?’

26. How is your English? Is it getting better?

27. ‘Why are all these people here? What’s happening?

28. How nice to see you! What are you doing these days?

29. What phenomenon are the scientists observing now?

30. ‘What are you reading?’ ‘A letter from my sister’.

31. ‘Why are you smiling?’ ‘Because I’m happy.’

32. Why are we running? Are we late?

Unit 8. The Past Continuous Tense (Active)

Examples:

− 14 −1. The teacher was describing the results at 10 o’clock yesterday. –

Преподаватель описывал результаты в 10 часов вчера.

2. The teacher wasn’t describing the results at 10 o’clock yesterday. –

Преподаватель не описывал результаты в 10 часов вчера.

3. Was the teacher describing the results at 10 o’clock yesterday? –

Преподаватель описывал результаты в 10 часов вчера?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1.Many countries were successfully cooperating on a program called

Intercosmos when the catastrophe took place.

2.When we were conducting a very important physics experiment,

somebody switched off the light.

3.When Roentgen made his discovery the room he was experimenting

in was dark.

4.When science was growing up from the time of Galileo to the time of

Newton, all the sciences were very much joined together. Towards

the end of that time the sciences were beginning to separate.

* * *

5.For two years Tom Watson and Alexander Bell were working

together to build a machine that people could use to talk to one

another over long distances. After two years the two young men

were becoming discouraged. One day, when they were working on

a new transmitter, Alexander spilled some acid on himself. Tom

Watson, who was alone in another room, heard a voice. The voice

was coming through a wire to a receiver on the table. The voice

was A. Bell’s! It was saying: ”Come here, Mr. Watson, I need your

help!”

* * *

6.The teacher was trying to explain the fundamentals of science to her

class. – “Sir Isaac Newton was sitting under a tree looking up into it

when an apple fell on his head, and from that he could discover the

law of gravity. Wasn’t that wonderful?” –“Yes, it certainly was”, a

pupil said, “and if he had been at school at his books he wouldn’t

− 15 −have discovered anything.”

* * *

7.A man was standing at the door of a small house. He was looking

at the high mountain some twenty miles away. The volcano was

Kluchevskaya, the biggest of active volcanoes of Kamchatka.

From the top of the mountain thick smoke was rising into the sky.

The man went into the house. In the house the instruments were

registering the earth tremors. Soon some men in heavy thick coats

went towards the volcano. They were carrying all kinds of special

cameras and instruments. All thick trees around them were sleeping

deep in snow. Cold mountain winds were blowing carrying snow

along the ground. But noises, like gun-fire, were disturbing the

silence. The men came to an open place. Before them a fountain

of fire was coming up from the earth. The steam was going to the

North when a storm broke out.

* * *

8.The driver was not measuring the pressure in the wheels at 6 p.m.

yesterday.

9.The engine wasn’t producing any power when the lab assistant

switched it off.

10. The researchers were not solving any problems when their leader

entered the room.

11. The students weren’t working on the computers when the teacher

came in.

* * *

12. Was Samuel Morse experimenting with an electric telegraph when

he was living in Europe?

13. ‘Were the students watching an educational film about electrical

engineering from 9 till 10 p.m. yesterday?’ ‘Yes, they were.’

14. ‘Were they studying the main components of a motor from 2 till 3

p.m.?’ ‘No, they weren’t.’

− 16 −15. Were the students having an interesting discussion at 8 p.m.

yesterday?

16. What kind of text were they translating from 9 till 11 a.m.?

17. Where were the scientists testing a new material at 1 p.m. yesterday?

18. ‘Your friend was preparing a report all day yesterday, wasn’t

he?’ ‘No, he wasn’t.’

Unit 9. The Future Continuous Tense (Active)

Examples:

1. He will be checking the battery at 5 o’clock tomorrow. – Он будет

проверять батарейку в 5 часов завтра.

2. He will not be checking the battery at 5 o’clock tomorrow. – Он не

будет проверять батарейку в 5 часов завтра.

3. Will he be checking the battery at 5 o’clock tomorrow? – Он будет

проверять батарейку в 5 часов завтра?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Tomorrow we shall be preparing for a test for the whole evening.

2. We’ll be revising the material of the lecture on optics till the

professor begins asking the questions.

3. They will be controlling the lasers tomorrow from 1 till 2 p.m.

4. The students will be observing the indications of a multimeter in half

an hour.

5. The engineer will be measuring the conductivity of the lead when the

test begins.

6. The professor will be reporting on the results of the test at the class

tomorrow.

7. The constructors will be working at improving the design of metro

escalators the whole June.

8. In a hundred years’ time people will be going to Mars for their

holiday.

− 17 −* * *

9. The lab assistant will not be measuring the value of the current at

3.30 p.m.

10. Our assistants won’t be increasing the voltage in the electrical circuit

from 5 till 6 p.m.

* * *

11. Will you be operating your computer today in the afternoon? – Yes, I

probably will.

12. Will you be testing a manometer at 10 a.m. tomorrow?

13. Will the researcher be carrying out this experiment from 3 to 5 p.m.?

14. Will our group be observing changes in the behavior of the current at

this time tomorrow?

15. Will they be performing mathematical calculations after the lecture

tomorrow?

16. Will the students be measuring the resistance or the current at this

time tomorrow?

17. ‘Will the students be finishing their diploma work at the end of

January or June?’ ‘They’ll be doing it at the end of January, and at

the end of June they’ll be taking their final exams in mathematics.’

18. What will you be doing in the laboratory tomorrow morning? –

We’ll be watching the operation of a new device.

19. What will you be doing when I come to see you? – I’ll be typing a

new article about lasers.

20. Who will be studying various electrical devices all the morning next

Tuesday?

21. Who will be checking the battery at 4 o’clock p.m. on Sunday?

22. Who will be drawing a graph at the class tomorrow?

23. The student won’t be watching the indications from 3 till 5 in the

evening, will he?

24. The students will be investigating the superconductor at 10.30 a.m.,

won’t they?

Unit 10. The Present Perfect Tense (Active)

− 18 −Examples:

1. The students have already tested the new equipment. – Студенты уже

проверили новое оборудование.

2. The students have not tested the new equipment yet. – Студенты ещё

не проверили новое оборудование.

3. Have the students tested the new equipment yet? – Студенты уже

проверили новое оборудование?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Russian scientists have developed a new technology lately.

2. Russian physicists have developed large laser installations.

3. The students have just observed the robot in operation.

4. The engineers have recently designed a new robot.

5. Since Yuriy Gagarin’s flight Russian space science has come a long

way.

6. Russia has already launched a great number of space vehicles.

7. ‘The bulb has just burnt out.’ ‘I’ll change it.’

8. In the space age communication has become a highly developed

field.

9. Since foundation the Cavendish Laboratory has played an

outstanding role in training physicists.

* * *

10. They have not studied the Theory of Relativity yet.

11. I have never been to the Museum of Technology in Amsterdam.

12. We haven’t heard anything new from our lecturer yet.

13. Scientists haven’t yet created such a robot that can think.

14. Mankind has never experienced changes in life and work on such a

scale.

* * *

15. ‘Have the latest laser devices found application in medicine?’ ‘Yes,

they have.’

16. ‘Have engineers ever changed the robot application?’ ‘Yes, they

have.’

− 19 −17. Have engineers developed various kinds of ceramics recently?

18. Has electrical power become universal?

19. Has the Internet grown at a surprising rate?

20. ‘Has a Russian scientist made the simplest type of a solar boiler?’

‘Yes, he has.’

21. ‘Has the professor described any achievements in mechanics

yet?’ ‘No, he hasn’t.’

22. Has the problem of air and water pollution become the most

important one in the last few years?

23. What new data has the laboratory received recently?

24. Why has electricity replaced other sources of energy?

25. In what form has man used solar heat for many centuries?

Unit 11. The Past Perfect Tense (Active)

Examples:

1. The students had prepared everything for the test by 5 o’clock

yesterday. – Cтуденты приготовили всё к опыту к 5 часам вчера.

2. The students had not prepared everything for the test by 5 o’clock

yesterday. – Студенты не приготовили всё к опыту к 5 часам

вчера.

3. Had the students prepared everything for the test by 5 o’clock

yesterday? – Студенты приготовили все к 5 часам вчера?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. By 1960 the number of cars in the world had reached 60 million.

2. By the beginning of the lecture the lab assistant had brought all the

necessary diagrams.

3. By the beginning of the new millennium engineers had designed a

great number of complex machine tools.

− 20 −4. Physics had answered a lot of questions by the beginning of the 21

st

century.

5. We had already published the results of our work by the end of the

year.

6. After the engineers had switched on the device, it began to work.

7. After I had got such a result, I checked the circuit again.

8. After the scientists had changed the light spectrum, they received

another hologram.

9. After the scientist had invented a new model of a robot, he became

famous.

10. We switched off the laser when we had made the hologram.

11. After the researcher had studied the properties of the alloy, he made

a report on this subject.

* * *

12. She had not finished her test when we came.

13. They hadn’t predicted the properties of the substance by the time

they got this information.

14. The scientist realized that he hadn’t spotted a distant planet.

15. The observers reported that they hadn’t recorded laser signals from

the universe.

16. We heard that they hadn’t bought up-to-date equipment for the lab.

* * *

17. ‘Had he completed the chemical reaction by the appointed

time?’ ‘No, he hadn’t.’

18. ‘Had the engineers written many complicated programs for these

robots before the exhibition started?’ ‘Yes, they had.’

19. Had people invented mechanical devices long before the first robot

was designed?

20. Had the engineers equipped this device with new sensors before they

put it into operation?

21. Had the scientists split the nucleus by the middle of the 20

th

century?

− 21 −22. ‘Had the engineers constructed the first robot systems by the end of

the 19

th

or 20

th

century?’ ‘They had already done it by the end of the

th

century.’

23. What kind of experience had the students got by the end of the term?

24. ‘They had begun the experiment before the assistant came, hadn’t

they?’ ‘No, they hadn’t.’

25. ‘The engineer hadn’t inspected the climate control system by 9 a.m.,

had he?’ ‘Yes, he had.’

Unit 12. The Future Perfect Tense (Active)

Examples:

1. The engineers will have constructed a new device by May. –

Инженеры сконструируют новое устройство к маю.

2. The engineers won’t have constructed a new device by May. –

Инженеры не сконструируют новое устройство к маю.

3. Will the engineers have constructed a new device by May? –

Инженеры сконструируют новое устройство к маю?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Our assistant will have done all the preparatory work by the time we

come to the research room.

2. Our engineers will have reduced power losses in both models by the

beginning of the test.

3. We will have installed this equipment by the beginning of a new

academic year.

4. Our scientific group will have developed a new cooling system by

the end of the winter.

5. By the time one introduces the invention into practice, there will

have passed a lot of time.

6. The water will have frozen by the end of the test.

− 22 −7. When our counterparts arrive, we will have already finished testing a

new industrial robot.

* * *

8. They won’t have discussed this interesting problem by the lecture

tomorrow.

9. We won’t have got any new equipment by next December.

10. They won’t have built a new power plant by next year.

11. The students won’t have investigated the advantages of machine

tools by the end of their practice.

12. By this time next year you won’t have graduated from the institute

yet.

* * *

13. Will she have become a famous scientist by 2015?

14. Will the engineers have improved the car design by the time of the

race?

15. ‘Will the students have taken their exams in a fortnight’s

time?’ ‘Yes, they will.’

16. ‘Will we have done the first stage of the work when the experiment

in the lab is over?’ ‘No, you won’t.’

17. ‘Will the students have performed a series of experiments by the end

of this or next week?’ ‘They will have already done it by the end of

this week.’

18. Who will have connected these pipes by the end of the control test?

19. ‘How many lectures will we have attended by the end of the

course?’ ‘You will have attended 120 lectures.’

20. What will they have repaired by Wednesday?

21. By what time will the students have learnt everything about electric

current?

22. ‘What will have happened to the lead by the end of the

experiment?’ ‘It will have melted.’

23. What properties of steel will you have studied when you carry out

these tests?

− 23 −24. The engineers won’t have constructed a new moving device by the

end of May, will they?

25. The students will have finished the experiment by the end of the

lecture, won’t they?

Unit 13. The Present Simple Tense (Passive)

Examples:

1. Every year a lot of modern buildings are built in this city. – Каждый

год много современных зданий строится в этом городе.

2. A lot of modern buildings are not built in this city. – В этом городе не

строят много новых зданий.

3. Are a lot of modern buildings built in this city every year? – Много

новых зданий строится в этом городе каждый год?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. I am often invited to parties.

2. More electric current is employed in everyday life.

3. The energy of falling water is used to turn the turbines of

hydroelectric stations.

4. Heat is carried to pipes of the steam generator.

5. Electric power is transferred at a high voltage.

6. This street is called Wilton Street.

7. The machines are switched on at 7.30 every day.

8. Nuclear power plants are built in our country.

9. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

10. A cinema is a place where films are shown.

* * *

11. This room is not used very often.

12. This road isn’t used very often.

13. This museum isn’t usually visited by many people.

14. The office isn’t cleaned every day.

15. Our machines are not exported to this country.

− 24 −16. These elements in the circuit aren’t connected in series. They are

connected in parallel.

17. Oranges aren’t imported into Africa.

18. The park gates aren’t locked until 6.30 p.m. every evening.

19. Stamps aren’t sold in a supermarket.

* * *

20. Is glass made from sand?

21. Is it known to you that one form of energy can be changed into

another?

22. Is the conductivity of metals changed by the temperature?

23. Is football played in most countries of the world?

24. Are we allowed to park here?

25. How much of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?

26. How is this word pronounced?

27. When are the machines turned off?

28. How are languages learnt?

29. How many languages are spoken in Switzerland?

30. How many people are employed by the company?

Unit 14. The Past Simple Tense (Passive)

Examples:

1. The roof of the building was damaged in a storm. – Крыша здания

была повреждена во время урагана.

2. The roof of the building was not damaged in a storm. – Крыша здания

не была повреждена во время урагана.

3. Was the roof of the building damaged in a storm? – Была ли крыша

здания повреждена во время урагана?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

− 25 −1. The electric current was born in 1800 when Volta constructed the

first source of continuous current.

2. The electricity was conducted from the clouds.

3. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.

4. This house is quite old. It was built in 1930.

5. The invention of a steam engine was followed by the development of

mechanical engineering.

6. It was discovered that some substances generated electricity when

they were rubbed.

7. The new properties of magnetized water were used for practical

purposes.

8. We were taken sightseeing and we were introduced to some of their

friends.

9. He was a well-known expert on animals and his opinions were

greatly respected.

10. We were woken up by a loud noise during the night.

* * *

11. The laboratory was not well equipped with electronic devices, so it

was closed down.

12. I wasn’t pleased that George rang me up at three in the morning.

13. My camera wasn’t stolen from my handbag. It disappeared from my

hotel room.

14. I saw an accident last night. Nobody was injured so the ambulance

wasn’t needed.

15.

‘Did you go to the party?’ ‘No, I wasn’t invited.’

16. Originally the book wasn’t written in English.

17. Instructions were not written for the new installation.

18. The police weren’t informed about the accident.

19. They weren’t sent abroad last year.

* * *

20.

‘Was anything damaged during the storm?’ ‘No, but two people

were taken to hospital.’

21. When was the first ice-breaker constructed?

− 26 −22. When was Australia discovered?

23.

‘When was the film made?’ ‘It was made in 1965.’

24. When was the telephone invented?

25. What was talked about during the meeting?

26. Who were the experiments on atmospheric electricity done by?

27. Why were they dismissed from their jobs? What did they do wrong?

28.

‘Why were all the flights cancelled?’ ‘They were cancelled because

of fog.’

29.

‘Where were you born?’ ‘I was born in London but I grew up in the

north of England.

30. ‘How were these windows broken?’ ‘When the children started

fighting.’

Unit 15. The Future Simple Tense (Passive)

Examples:

1. These engineers will be sent abroad. – Этих инженеров пошлют за

границу.

2. These engineers will not be sent abroad. – Этих инженеров не

пошлют за границу.

3. Will these engineers be sent abroad? – Этих инженеров пошлют за

границу?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. I think the road will be blocked for a few hours after an accident.

2.Both nuclear power and solar energy will be widely used in the

future.

3. The plant will be closed until work on the road to it is completed.

4. When two bodies of different temperatures are brought into contact,

we expect the warmer body to get cold, while the colder one to be

warmed.

− 27 −5.New control systems will be used in power transmission and

distribution soon.

6. If the hospital has money to spare, it will be spent on this new

equipment.

7.If you aren’t careful about what you are doing with that hammer,

someone will be hurt in a minute.

8. Voltage will be increased when it is necessary for long-distance

transmission.

9. More and more energy will be needed in the future.

* * *

10.These engines will not be replaced with new ones. They will be

repaired.

11. That parcel won’t be opened until we get all the documents for it.

12. He won’t be given a lot of time to decide.

13. It’s a serious problem. I’m sure it won’t be solved in the near future.

14.If you have no experience in your job, you won’t be paid much at

first.

15. Next week the road won’t be closed and traffic won’t be turned onto

a side road.

16. If you do your job properly, you won’t be dismissed.

17. My flight won’t be delayed unless the fog lifts.

* * *

18. Will the current be stopped if we open the circuit?

19. Will the transformer be repaired next week?

20. Will this power station be put into operation next year?

21. Will more heat be required for the water to boil in the kettle like this?

22. When will a new bridge be built across the river?

23. Will these batteries be recharged in time?

24. Will these parts of the machine be made of metal or plastic?

25. What will coal burning furnaces be replaced with in the future?

26. How many switches will be used to open or close the circuit?

− 28 −Unit 16. The Present Continuous Tense

(Passive)

Examples:

1. Watch out near the house! The roof is being repaired now. –

Осторожно около дома! Сейчас ремонтируют крышу.

2. The roof is not being repaired now. – Сейчас крышу не

ремонтируют.

3. Is the roof being repaired now? – Сейчас ремонтируют крышу?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Now I think lunch is being served in the dining room at the moment,

so shall we go?

2. At present, only a little part of solar energy is being used directly.

3. Our goalkeeper has just crashed into one of the goalposts. He is

being taken off the field now.

4. He is being taken to hospital at the moment.

5. They are still being questioned by the police.

6. Over there the bottles of water are being put into boxes.

7. Now as you can see, some chemical substances are being produced

from coal.

8. In Britain football matches are usually played on Saturday, but no

matches are being played next Saturday.

* * *

9. The room is not being cleaned at the moment.

10. This road is not being opened next week.

11. The factory isn’t being repaired. The work is finished.

12. Now the magnetic field isn’t being excited in the circuit.

13. The computer isn’t being used at the moment. You can work on it.

14. The broken telephone lines are not being repaired. We have no

engineers here.

− 29 −15. We have some problems with parts delivery these days. Now as you

can see, engines aren’t being made at the factory today.

16. There is nobody behind us. We’re not being followed.

* * *

17. Is the production of the plastic material being controlled now?

18. The light is going out inside. Is the shop being locked at the

moment?

19. Is the transformer with a trouble being replaced at the moment?

20. Is the experiment still being done in the laboratory?

21. Is a new ring road being built round the city?

22. Are nuclear reactors being built nowadays?

23. At what temperature is the liquid being heated now?

24. What kind of questions is he being asked?

25. What kind of mistakes are being corrected by our teacher now?

Unit 17. The Past Continuous (Passive)

Examples:

1. She was being interviewed at 5 o’clock. – В 5 часов у неё брали

интервью.

2. She was not being interviewed at 5 o’clock. – В 5 часов у нее не

брали интервью.

3. Was she being interviewed at 5 o’clock? – В 5 часов у неё брали

интервью?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1.I wondered why he was being laughed at.

2.The fax machine was being repaired last week so we couldn’t use it.

3.The composition was still being written when the bell rang.

− 30 −4.The most advanced technology was gradually being introduced at

that period.

5.When we entered the room the applicants were being interviewed.

6.They were being asked many difficult questions at the interview

during their last visit.

7.Some super-modern bridges were being constructed over the river

when I was in the city.

8.Stained-glass windows were being mounted in the main building of

the institute last month.

9.Electronic circuits consisting of the detached (separate) elements

were being applied prior to the 1960s.

* * *

10. There was another part of work that was being carried out at the

moment.

11. Much wasn’t being done to change the situation for the better as you

remember.

12. An up-to-date program was not being set up on our computers

because it was lunchtime.

13. He was not being examined by the doctor at the moment.

14. In the 70s computers were not being used only by all businesses.

15. New workshops weren’t being built at that time.

16. No flowers were being grown in this garden last summer.

17. The shop-windows weren’t being cleaned because cleaners were on

strike against long hours.

* * *

18. Was electronic engineering already being developed at the end of the

50s?

19. Was your laboratory being decorated when the commission of

experts came?

20. Were the rooms being cleaned when you returned?

21. Were your videos being watched a lot on YouTube last month?

22. Why was our mail being delivered to the wrong address?

23. What was being done to improve the situation?

− 31 −24. What were you being told when I saw you yesterday?

25. What kinds of components were being used for the integrated circuits

in the 80s?

26. What kinds of power plants were being used in the beginning?

Unit 18. The Present Perfect (Passive)

Examples:

1. The work has (just) been finished. – Работа только что закончена.

2. The work has not been finished yet. – Работу еще не закончили.

3. Has the work been finished yet? – Работу уже закончили?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Lots of friends have been invited to the party.

2. Chess has been played for around two thousand years now.

3. I can’t find my papers: they have been lost somewhere.

4. Lots of experiments have been carried out for the last 2 years.

5. The phenomenon has been seen more than once.

6. Smirnov has just been invited to take part in a conference.

7. The compass has been used since the 12th century.

8. Electricity has already long been associated with electric charges.

9. The success of the experiment has just been informed about.

* * *

10. The most important tests have not been performed.

11. Such unexplained test results have never been faced before.

12. The findings of the investigation haven’t been published yet.

13. Even this year the long-expected results have not been received.

14. Fortunately, they’ve kept their emotions and no rush words have

been said.

15. You aren’t late. The lecture hasn’t been started yet.

16. That object has not been kept up a special observation of.

− 32 −17. Take this journal. It’s already been read.

18. Since he came to the North no letter has been received.

* * *

19. Have you ever been told that the voltage is also called an

electromotive force?

20. Have you been informed about our success?

21. Have the articles ever been discussed by your colleagues?

22. Haven’t you been told the news?

23. Has the house been painted yet?

24. Has this information been checked and reported to the boss?

25. Why have any chemical agents been spilt on the table?

26. What has been checked yet?

27. How long has electronic mail or e-mail been used?

28. What has been told about the voltage?

29. Who has been seen twice today?

Unit 19. The Past Perfect (Passive)

Examples:

1. The work had been finished by 5 yesterday. – Вчера к 5 часам работа

была закончена.

2. The work had not been finished by the time she came. – Работа не

была закончена к тому времени, когда она пришла.

3. Had the work been finished by that time? – Была ли к тому времени

закончена работа?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. It began raining just after the machinery had been brought in.

2. The experiment had been finished by the time he came back.

3. His discoveries had been made before he finally moved to Moscow.

− 33 −4. When the letter arrived it was too late as everything had been

decided.

5. The devices had been checked and adjusted by the beginning of the

tests.

6. After the devices had been tested it became possible to go on with

our studies.

7. When I entered the laboratory everyone had already left and the light

had been turned off.

8. After some experimental work had been performed the scientists

began comparing the results.

9. It’s a pleasure to inform you that the research investigation had been

finished by 7 p.m. yesterday.

* * *

10. The papers had not been brought by the time he had to come.

11. His ideas hadn’t been known before his first publication came out.

12. Unfortunately the installations hadn’t been received by the appointed

time.

13. Although the experiment hadn’t been completed everything became

clear.

14. The tickets had not been sold out yet by the time Peter and Mary

arrived.

15. The guitar had not been tuned so I had to tune it myself.

16. They hadn’t been forgotten to give a list of books for home reading

before the holidays.

17. As the results of the tests had not been presented they were not

discussed by our experts.

18. Last week the manager was informed that the lab equipment hadn’t

been repaired yet.

* * *

19. Had the experimental work been finished by 7 p.m. yesterday?

20. Had the problem been solved when he arrived?

21. Had he already been sent to help them when you called?

− 34 −22. Had the papers been handed in by all the students when the lesson

was over?

23. Had the final tests been done before they signed the contract?

24. Hadn’t the result of the experiment been presented before it was

discussed by our experts?

25. Why had the report only been completed by yesterday morning?

26. What problems had been treated at the conference before you left?

27. Why had the blue shoes been bought for Alice? They didn’t match

her dress.

Unit 20. The Future Perfect (Passive)

Examples:

1. The work will have been finished by 5 tomorrow. – Работа будет

закончена завтра к 5.

2. The work will have not been finished by 5 tomorrow. – Работа не

будет закончена завтра к 5.

3. Will the work have been finished by 5 tomorrow? – Будет ли работа

закончена завтра к 5?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. All the tests will have been passed by the 10

th

of June.

2. The notifications will have been sent when we get their inquiry.

3. The work will have been done under the plan by the next month.

4. The project will have already been finished when inspectors arrive.

5.That problem will have been paid the closest attention to when it

requires.

6.A lot of new useful discoveries will have been made by the next

century.

7. Dear clients! By this time tomorrow your telephone connection will

have been restored completely.

8.I think all light bulbs will have been replaced with energy-saving

luminous tube lamps by the beginning of the 2020s.

− 35 −* * *

9. The pictures will not have been printed by 6 p.m.

10. The data will not have been examined by the end of the day.

11. By the time you come the letter will not have been written.

12. The goods will not have been examined by tomorrow morning.

13. The agreement will not have been signed by the end of August.

14. The model will not have been modified yet by the end of the year.

15. The article will not have been translated by the end of the workday.

16.The results won’t probably have been published by Monday

morning.

17. The collection of minerals will not have been gathered by the

opening of the museum.

* * *

18. Will the interview have been started by 10m p.m. tomorrow?

19.Will alternative energy sources have been introduced by the end of

the decade?

20.Will a new tidal power plant have been set in operation by the

beginning of the next year?

21. Will any financial support have been received by the time a financial

crisis breaks out?

22. Won’t the film have been developed when they come back?

23. Won’t the luggage have been brought by the departure?

24. Why will the cable have been sent only by the end of the day?

25.Which of the rooms will have been decorated by the end of the

week?

26. Why won’t all the experiments have been finished by the deadline?

− 36 −Unit 21. Peculiar Uses of the Passive Voice

Examples:

1. The 150-meter-long cement producing furnace was designed to

be operated by only two workers. – Стапятидесятиметровая

цементная печь спроектирована так, чтобы её обслуживали

только двое рабочих.

2. Fuel shortage is always complained about. – На недостаток топлива

всегда жалуются.

3. Rabbits are considered to have been brought to Britain by the Romans

as a source of food. – Считается, что кролики были завезены в

Британию римлянами как источник пищи.

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. The greenhouse effect is much spoken about.

2. This problem was paid much attention to.

3. The study of lightning ball is the field the professor is interested in.

4. Newton's laws of motion are often referred to.

5. It is coal that coke is obtained from.

6. Bauman, who the Moscow State Technical University is named after,

was a famous revolutionary.

7. A computer virus was found sending the spam off.

8. I have found the article I was told about.

9. It is silicon that integrated circuits are made of.

10. This is the experiment result I'm disappointed with.

11. What kind of substance is a magnet attracted bv?

12. It is twenty thousand dollars that the equipment is insured for.

13. It was 3000 rpm (revolutions per minute) that the turbine generator

was being rotated at.

* * *

14. Spiders have been discovered to travel across the sea.

15. The damage is reported to be extensive.

16. The fault is expected to take several weeks to correct.

− 37 −17. Students were made to attend lectures.

* * *

18. The fields were prepared to be planted with cotton.

19.Nanoelectronics is expected to be recognized as a revolutionary

technology.

20.The conference on hydrodynamics is announced to be held next

month.

21.I'm afraid this article can't be accepted to be published in our

magazine.

* * *

22. The X-ray is known to have been invented by Roentgen.

23. The invention of a steam engine is known to have been followed bу

the first industrial revolution.

24. The experimental model was designed to be followed by mass

production of mechanisms.

25. She has come to be regarded as the leading scientist in this field.

Unit 22. Modal Verbs

Can

Examples:

1. The teacher can explain this rule again. – Учитель может объяснить это

правило снова.

2. The teacher can’t explain this rule again. – Учитель не может объяснить

это правило снова.

3. Can the teacher explain this rule again? – Может ли учитель объяснить

это правило снова?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. He can use this new equipment in his experiment.

− 38 −2. Electrons can receive enough thermal energy at the room temperature.

3. Electronic emission can take place in several ways.

4. We could work in the laboratory last Sunday.

5. Experimental wires made of niobium and titanium could carry a current of

1.000 amperes.

6. She can’t compare the properties of these substances now.

7. They couldn’t describe the results of the test yesterday.

8. For many years scientists could not find any practical application for

superconductivity.

9. Can this new car move without a driver? – Yes, it can.

10. Can copper be used as a conductor of electricity? – Yes, it can.

11. Could they repair the flashlight an hour ago? – No, they couldn’t.

12. What alternative energy sources can we use?

13. What kind of operations can computers perform?

14. How many types of electric circuits could the students test last time?

15. Technological progress can’t be stopped, can it? – No, it can’t.

16. People couldn’t imagine their life without electricity at the end of the 20

th

century, could they? – No, they couldn’t.

17. Where can I get further information?

18. Could you lend me your calculator, please? – Yes, here it is.

Must

Examples:

1. The students must complete the experiment today. – Студенты должны

завершить эксперимент сегодня.

2. The students mustn’t complete the experiment today. – Студентам нельзя

завершить эксперимент сегодня.

3. Мust the students complete the experiment today? – Должны ли

cтуденты завершить эксперимент сегодня?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Engineers must develop new plastics.

2. Good results must be expected after carrying out these experiments.

3. You mustn’t switch on this device without your teacher’s permission.

4. Must we follow the instructions? –Yes, you must.

5. Must we send this report today? – No, you needn’t.

6. Why must oil be used as a raw material for plastics?

− 39 −May

Examples:

1. They may use this new equipment. – Им можно использовать это новое

оборудование.

2. They may not use this new equipment. – Им нельзя использовать это

новое оборудование.

3. Мay they use this new equipment? – Могут ли они использовать это

новое оборудование?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. He may continue the research.

2. This result may be achieved by a lot of experiments.

3. Steam turbines may be grouped into three types.

4. You may not take that instrument.

5. May I use these substances for the experiment? –Yes, you may.

6. May these students test these devices? – No, they may not.

7. What matters may be discussed today?

Unit 23. Equivalents of Modal Verbs

to be able to do smth – иметь возможность сделать что-либо

Examples:

1. We are able to pay for these devices now because we have enough money. –

У нас есть возможность заплатить за эти приборы сейчас потому,

что у нас достаточно денег.

2. We aren’t able to pay for these devices now because we have no money. –

У нас нет возможности заплатить за эти приборы сейчас потому,

что у нас нет денег.

3. Are you able to pay for these devices now? – У вас есть возможность

заплатить за эти приборы сейчас?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. You are able to read this article in the library.

2. The scientists were able to distinguish these two different concepts.

3. I’m sure she will be able to make a report on her scientific research

tomorrow.

− 40 −4. I’m not able to attend the seminar on Mondays.

5. The planes weren’t able to leave the airport because of the bad weather.

6. I think she won’t be able to settle this problem.

7. Is he able to finish his test in time?

8. Were they able to repair the computer yesterday?

9. Will a lot of specialists be able to live and work in space for a long time?

to be allowed to do smth – разрешать, давать возможность

сделать что-либо

Examples:

1. We are allowed to pass our exams in advance. – Нам разрешают

сдавать экзамены заранее.

2. We aren’t allowed to pass our exams in advance. – Нам не

разрешают сдавать экзамены заранее.

3. Are you allowed to pass your exams in advance? – Разрешают ли вам

сдавать экзамены заранее?

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. They were allowed to demonstrate the new device yesterday.

2. You aren’t allowed to carry out the investigation here.

3. Will she be allowed to replace the equipment tomorrow? – Yes, she

will.

4. Who is allowed to use the new method?

Дата добавления: 2015-10-21