Until what century psychology did not emerge as a separate area of scientific study? 19 18 20

Variant B

1. Until what century psychology did not emerge as a separate area of scientific study?

1. 19
2. 18
3. 20

1. Who argued that the individual could be understood only in a social context?

1. Wundt
2. Durkheim
3. Herbart

1. Who believed that individual’s behavior is under the control of society?

1. Malinowki
2. Herbart
3. Durkheim

1. Laboratory, field, and quazi-experiments are the three forms of

1. tests
2. experiments
3. observations

1. Which of the following is not a product of our internal dispositions?

1. personality traits
2. genes
3. physical environment

1. What do children learn first of the following?

1. back consonants
2. fricatives
3. front consonants

1. Which Nation uses gestures a lot?

1. Finns
2. Russians
3. Spanish

8. Which of the following is not one of the communicative movements?

a. code

b. illustrator

c. regulator

9. In which country do people stand close enough to touch each other easily?

a. France

b. Poland

c. Britain

10. Which countries are ‘high-look’ cultures?

a. Mediterranean

b. Eastern

c. North-Western

11. Which of the following is not one of the 3 components of the new approach to human development?

a. the physical and social contexts in which a child lives

b. the culturally determined education and child-rearing practices

c. the psychological characteristics of a child

12. How many stages are there – in the theory of cognitive development?

a. 5

b. 3

c. 4

13. When do children start to show conservation?

a. preoperational

b. concrete operational

c. formal operational

14. ____________ mothers use a style of ‘patient example’ rather than verbal interaction characteristic of US mother.

a. Japanese

b. Thai

c. Chinese

15. ___________________refers to ‘The cognitive process by which individuals make decisions about issues and justify these decisions, regardless of the content of the issue’.

a. right behavior

b. cognitive development

c. moral reasoning

16. Which characteristics does not refer to a large power distance society?

a. subordinates expect to be consulted

b. income distribution in society is very uneven

c. regions have a hierarchy of priests

17. Where is the uncertainty avoidance lower?

a. East and European countries

b. Latin Countries

c. English speaking, Nordic, and Chinese

18. Which 2 values are associated with long term orientation?

a. thrift and perseverance

b. protection and safety

c. perseverance and safety

19. ‘Feminine’ is the ____________pole.

a. modest

b. assertive

c. middle

20. Which one of the following statements does not refer to femininity?

a. minimum emotional and social role differentiation between the genders

b. men and women should be modest and caring

c. work prevails over family

21. During ____________women gathered together in the feminist movement to achieve equal rights with men

a. 1950’s

b. 1960’s

c. 1970’s

22. In which country do men often seek wives who are less educated than they are?

a. Sudan

b. Egypt

c. Britain

23. ______________is characterized by challenges to the physical body in the form of reduction in activity.

a. Late life

b. Early life

c. Middle age

24. In the US, retirement from the workplace occurs frequently at age _________.

a. 55

b. 62

c. 70

25. ______________aging is associated with ability to remain independent and self-sufficient in ____________.

a. Unsuccessful, individualist cultures

b. Successful, individualist cultures

c. Successful, collectivist cultures

1. Where did psychology find the first clear expression?

1. USA
2. Germany
3. Russia

1. The founder of experimental psychology, who devoted many years writing about customs, and the relationship between a language and its people.

1. Wundt
2. Malinowski
3. Adler

1. Who first considered ‘the role of cultural factors in the etiology of mental disorders’?

1. Marsella
2. JJ Rousseau
3. Boas

1. Why is experimentation is a pivotal technique in cross-cultural comparison?

1. because of its precision
2. because of its formality
3. because of its functionality

1. Who proposed that the perception of reality differs according to the (language) culture of the observer?

1. Lee Whorf
2. Jacobson
3. Chomsky

1. In what language formality and distance are not linked

1. English
2. Japanese
3. Chinese

32. Which Nations use gestures less than others?

a. Swedes, Norwegians

b. British, Dutch

c. Italians, Greeks

33. What is people’s sense of personal space?

a. the individual’s zone of well-being

b. the distance that separates one person from another

c. the intercultural meaning of one’s living square

34. In which countries do people prefer to stay in ‘fingertips zone’?

a. Spain, Italy

b. Hungary, Romania

c. Holland, Belgium

35. What new concept was introduced in the beginning of 80’s, which was proposed as a new approach to human development?

a. developmental niche

b. cross-cultural cliché

c. developmental adaptation

36. Who is the author of a comprehensive theory of cognitive development?

a. Werner

b. Piaget

c. Stevenson

37. Which of the stages considers the ability to combine and organize objects according to

a. formal operational

b. concrete operational

c. preoperational stage

38. In which country do parents set higher standards and work more with their children on homework than US parents?

a. Japan

b. UK

c. China

39. Which cultures, focused on building interest, lead a more effective way to teach very young children a variety of skills, including math?

a. American

b. European

c. Asian

40. Who developed one of the most influential theories on development of moral reasoning?

a. Heubner

b. Garrod

c. Kohlberg

41. ___________________ deals with a society’s tolerance for ambiguity.

a. uncertainty avoidance

b. uncertainty acceptance

c. risk consulting

42. Which characteristic does not refer to the weak uncertainty avoidance society

a. ease, lower stress, low anxiety

b. comfortable with ambiguity and chaos

c. emotional need for rules-even if not obeyed

43. ‘Masculine’ is the _____________pole.

a. modest

b. assertive

c. middle

44. Which of the following statements refers to ‘masculinity’?

a. balance between family and work

b. both mothers and fathers deal with the facts and feelings

c. men should be ad women may be assertive

45. In which countries masculinity is high?

a. France, Britain

b. Portugal, Korea

c. Japan, German speaking countries

46. The individualist society emphasizes _______________ in everything

a. harmony

b. speaking one’s mind

c. stress on belonging

47. In ___________________ the educational level for girls has been raised

a. Japan

b. Eqypt

c. China

48. More than health and material goods, humans hunger for _____________.

a. independence

b. self-esteem

c. social adaptation

49. Who was the one of the first developmental theorists to propose concept adaptation

a. Kohlberg

b. Erikson

c. Piaget

50. One of the more important factor for successful aging according to the ____________ subjects was the ability to get along with relatives, particularly children.

a. Japanese

b. American

c. Chinese

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