1. Read the text about London
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It’s one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 9 million people. London is situated on the river Thames, there are 15 bridges over it. It was founded more than two thousand years ago.
London appeared at the place where the Roman invaders decided to build a bridge over the Thames. After the Romans left Britain in the 5th century, London became a great trading centre. In the 11th century William the Conqueror made London his capital. The Great Fire in 1666 destroyed many wooden houses and dirty streets. Gradually London began to grow. The villages around it grew, they became towns and the towns grew into a large area of houses, shops and factories which now form Greater London.
There are four parts in London: West End, East End, the City and Westminster.
Let us go sightseeing in London and visit the principal places of interest. We’ll start our tour from Trafalgar Square, which is the geographical centre of London. Trafalgar Square is also a historical place. In the middle of it is the famous Nelson Column, which was built in memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory at Trafalgar. Here, there is also the National gallery with its wonderful collection of works from the British, French, Italian, Dutch and Spanish schools. Generally, London has more theaters and concert halls, more picture galleries and museums, than any other city in GB. The British Museum, for instance, has a wonderful art collections and also is one of the most important and famous libraries in the world.
Now we go down Whitehall, and turn to t he right to a quiet street. This is the famous and house 10 is the residence of the Prime Minister of Great Britain.
And now we are in Westminster. It is the most important part of London. Here you see the Houses of Parliament. It is a beautiful building with two towers: the Clock Tower with Big Ben and the Victoria Tower with the national flag over it. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey. Many English kings and queens were crowned and are buried there. The Buckingham Palace is the residence of the queen Elizabeth II.
Another interesting sight in the West End is Hyde Park. It is the largest of London parks and is famous for its Speaker’s Corner which attracts a lot of tourists. The West End is full of museums, art galleries, the best theatres, cinemas, expensive clubs and shops.
Now we take a bus and go to the City, which is a small area but is the business and commercial heart of London. Very few people live there. All the main banks and offices are situated in the City. In the centre of the City there is the Tower of London and St. Paul’s Cathedral. The Tower has a very long history. It used to be a fortress, a royal residence, then a prison, and now it is a museum.
A visit to London is full of surprises. If you are in Piccadilly Circus you can meet very strange – looking young people wearing all kinds of fancy clothes, speaking different languages.
Some other facts:
· London is the biggest city in Britain and in Europe.
· About 12 per cent of Britain’s overall population live in London
· London has the highest population density in Britain, with 4,699 people per square km
· London is in the southeast of England.
· London is the seat of central government in Britain.
· The tallest building in London is the Canary Wharf Tower.
· London was the first city in the world to have an underground railway, known as the 'Tube'.
· Some of the most important people from countries all over the world visit the Queen at Buckingham Palace.
· There are over 100 theatres in London, including 50 in the West End.
· The Tower is about 900 years old.
2. Learn the words and word combinations:
sightseeing ['sait,si:iŋ] огляд визначних пам'яток
gradually ['grædʒʊəli] поступово
silent – тихий
royal ['rɔiəl] королівський
raven ['reiv(ə)n] ворон
narrow ['nærəʊ] вузький
to destroy [dɪs'trɔɪ] руйнувати
fortress ['fɔ:tris] фортеця
government [gʌvənmənt] уряд
tour [tʊə] подорож; поїздка; турне
memory ['mem(ə)ri] пам'ять
prison ['priz(ə)n] в'язниця
tower ['taʊə] башта
to bury ['berɪ] ховати
to crown [kraun] коронувати
density ['densɪtɪ] щільність; густота
to wear [weə] бути вдягненим (в що-н.);
fancy ['fænsi] вигадливий
residence ['rezid(ə)ns] проживання
to appear [ə'pɪə] з'являтися
commercial heart [kə'mɜ:ʃ(ə)l]
fortress ['fɔ:tris] фортеця
St.Paul’s Cathedral
Westminster Abbey ['west,minstə 'æbɪ]
Piccadilly Circus [ˌpɪkəˈdɪli 'sɜ:kəs]
the Tower of London ['taʊə]
the Tower of London ['taʊə]
Trafalgar [trə'fælgə] Square
Nelson Column ['nɛlsən 'kɔləm]
the Houses of Parliament
3. Translate the following into Ukrainian:
In memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory; wonderful collection of works; fancy clothes
turn to the right; is famous for its Speaker’s Corner; strange-looking young people;
4. Find the following words in the text:
1. Головні пам’ятки,
2. тиха вуличка,
3. політичний центр,
4. римські завойовники
5. зруйнувати будівлю
6. деревяні будівлі
7. відомі бібліотеки
8. прекрасна колекція мистецтва
9. висока вежа
10. коронувати королеву
11. підземна залізниця
12. бізнес центр
13. резиденція прем’єр-міністра;
14. невелика територія
15. комерційне серце
16. дорогі клуби та магазини
17. королівська резиденція
18. тюрма
19. головні банки
20. найвища будівля
21. найвища густота населення
5. Correct the statements:
1) Westminster is the geographical centre of London.
2) 
In the middle of Trafalgar Square is Big Ben.
3) Downing Street, 10 is the residence of the British Queen.
4) The Houses of Parliament are in the City.
5) The Tower of London is a royal residence now.
6) Hyde Park is famous for its art galleries.
7) The West End is full of cheap clubs and shops.
8) All the main banks and offices are situated in the West End.
9) In the centre of the City there is Piccadilly Circus.
10) Opposite the Houses of Parliament is the Tower of London.
6. Put special questions to the underlined words:
1) The West End is situated between the City and the Hyde Park.
2) The oldest part of London is called the City.
3) At weekends the City is almost dead.
4) The City and the West End are the heart of London.
5) London has more than 20 bridges over the Thames.
6) The Tower of London was a prison many years ago.
7) St.Paul’s Cathedral was built by a famous English architect Sir Christopher Wren.
1. Translate the following into Ukrainian:
In memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory; wonderful collection of works; fancy clothes
turn to the right; is famous for its Speaker’s Corner; strange-looking young people;
2. Find the following words in the text:
1. Головні пам’ятки,
2. тиха вуличка,
3. політичний центр,
4. римські завойовники
5. зруйнувати будівлю
6. деревяні будівлі
7. відомі бібліотеки
8. прекрасна колекція мистецтва
9. висока вежа
10. коронувати королеву
11. підземна залізниця
12. бізнес центр
13. резиденція прем’єр-міністра;
14. невелика територія
15. комерційне серце
16. дорогі клуби та магазини
17. королівська резиденція
18. тюрма
19. головні банки
20. найвища будівля
21. найвища густота населення
3. Correct the statements:
1. Westminster is the geographical centre of London.
2. In the middle of Trafalgar Square is Big Ben.
3. Downing Street, 10 is the residence of the British Queen.
4. The Houses of Parliament are in the City.
5. The Tower of London is a royal residence now.
6. Hyde Park is famous for its art galleries.
7. The West End is full of cheap clubs and shops.
8. All the main banks and offices are situated in the West End.
9. In the centre of the City there is Piccadilly Circus.
10. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is the Tower of London.
4. Put special questions to the underlined words:
1. The West End is situated between the City and the Hyde Park.
2. The oldest part of London is called the City.
3. At weekends the City is almost dead.
4. The City and the West End are the heart of London.
5. London has more than 20 bridges over the Thames.
6. The Tower of London was a prison many years ago.
7. St.Paul’s Cathedral was built by a famous English architect Sir Christopher Wren.
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