Theory of solution
1. For what substance equivalence factor (fэ) is equal to one?
2. For what substance equivalence factor (fэ) is equal to 1/2?
3. For what substance equivalence factor (fэ) is equal to1/3?
4. For what substance equivalence factor (fэ) is equal to1/6?
5. What concentration is measured by mol / kg?
6. By what ratio is calculated molar concentration?
7. By what ratio is calculated molar concentration of equivalent?
8. By what formula calculated mass portion of the solution?
9. In 1 liter contains 3.65 g of hydrogen chloride. What is the molar concentration of the solution?
10. Hypertensive gauze bandages soaked in 10% waters solution of sodium chloride are used in surgery. How many grams of salt and water you need to take to prepare 500 g of this solution?
11. In 95 grams of water dissolved 5 g of glucose. What is the mass portion of glucose (%) in the resulting solution?
12. Boiling point elevation than the boiling point of the pure solvent
13. What does it mean the entry "3% Н2О2 solution"?
14. Ebullioskopic constant of water is 0,52о. What is the boiling point of water solution of glucose, molal concentration equal to 1 mol / kg?
15. Which is the solution much more hypertonic to blood plasma?
16. Which solution is isotonic to the blood plasma?
17. Which solution is hypotonic to the blood plasma?
18. Osmotic pressure determines the elasticity of cells, tissue elasticity and saving of some form of organs. What is this phenomenon?
19. When you add the red blood cells in a hypertonic solution, then there is their swelling and rupture of membranes. What is this phenomenon?
20. When you add the cells in hypotonic solution is compression and wrinkling. What is this phenomenon?
21. What solutions can be used for intravenous injections?
22. The water solution, which of the following substances has a maximum temperature of freezing, if the equivalent molar concentrations of these solutions are the same?
23. The water solution of the following substances has minimal freezing temperature, if the molar concentrations equivalent of these solutions are the same?
24. Solutions at identical temperatures with a molar concentration of 0.1 mol / L isotonic to each other. For any pair of solutions will be observed this condition?
25. What is the name of part of the osmotic pressure due to the presence of high-molecular components in the solution?
26. What group of substances has the same value of equivalence factor?
27. What do you call a solution with an osmotic pressure more than the standard?
28. What phenomenon is observed when adding erythrocytes in a 10% solution of sodium chloride?
29. What phenomenon is observed when adding erythrocytes in a 0,1%- solution of sodium chloride?
30. Salt solutions have the same molar concentration of 0.01 mol / l. Which pair of solutions containing the same number of particles in 1 liter of solution?
Buffer solution
1. By what formula you can calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution strong monobasic acid?
2. Which statement is true for a neutral solution?
3. Which component of bicarbonate buffer will react while adding a small quantity of hydrochloric acid?
4. Which of equation can calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions in an acetate buffer solution?
5. Which compounds are parts of the bicarbonate buffer solution?
6. Which substances are components of a phosphate buffer solution?
7. Which compounds are parts of the ammonia buffer solution?
8. Which water solution complied ratio [H +] <[OH-]?
9. Which water solution complied ratio[H+] > [OH-]?
10. What is the ion concentration [H +] in pure water at 25 ° C (mol / L)?
11. What is the concentration of Сон-, if Сн+ = 10-4?
12. How to calculate the pH in water solutions?
13. What is the sum of pH and pOH for dilute water solutions?
14. What condition is met in a neutral water solution?
15. What is the name of displacement medium the reaction in the acid side?
16. What is the name of displacement medium reaction to the alkaline side?
17. What is the hydrogen ion concentration (mol / L) in water solution with pOH = 11?
18. What are the components of the acid buffer solution?
19. Solution which substances are the basic buffer solution?
20. What is the reaction medium if pOH = 13?
21. What is the pH of a solution of sodium hydroxide СNаОН = 0.001 mol / L?
22. What relation is true for the solution of HCl with 0.1 mol / l?
23. What is taking the hydrogen index pH in acidic solution?
24. For water solutions of any substance following condition [H +]> [OH-]?
The complex compounds
1. What is the oxidation state in the ion chelator [Co(CN)4(H2O)2]-?
2. What is the oxidation state of chelator in the particles of[CrCl2CN(H2O)3]?
3. What is the charge of the particle complex [Co(NO2)3(NH3)2] x, in which the complexant is Co (III)?
4. What is the charge of the complex ion [PtCl (OH) 5] x, in which the complexant is Pt (IV)?
5. What is the formula corresponds to the complex compound monobromopenta nitroplatinat (IV) potassium?
6. What is the formula corresponds to the complex compound pentatsianomonoamminferrat (II) sodium?
7. What is the formula corresponds to the complex compound pentaamminbromocobalt sulfate (III)?
8. What is the oxidation state of gold in the complex ion[Au(CN)2Br2]-?
9. Which formula corresponds to the cation complex?
10. Which formula corresponds to the anionic complex?
11. Which formula corresponds to the neutral complex?
12. What is the complexant in the complex compound[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2?
13. What are the ligands in complex compounds(NH4)2[Pt(OH)2Cl4]?
14. What is the complexant in the complex compound (NH4)2[Pt(OH)2Cl4]?
Structure of atom. The biogen elements
1. How many electrons have particle Ba2 +, if the serial number of barium is 56?
2. How many electrons have particle I-, if the serial number of iodine is 53?
3. How many electrons have particle Fe3 +, if the serial number of iron is 26?
4. Which element forms a compound that is toxic to humans?
5. Which element is the basis of compounds bone?
6. What substances solution, are used in medicine as an antiseptic?
7. What substances solution hjyis used in medicine to increase the acidity of gastric juice?
8. What substance used in medicine at high acidity the gastric juice and heartburn?
9. What is the main intracellular ion?
10. What is the main extracellular ion?
11. Which element relates to macroelements?
12. Which element is organogenic?
13. Which element belongs to trace element?
14. The deficit which element is the reason of "endemic goitre"?
15. Which is the ions complexant in hemoglobin?
16. With a lack of this element osteoporosis develops?
Chemical Thermodynamics
1. Which thermodynamic system is "0.9% NaCl solution in a sealed tube '?
2. What a thermodynamic system is homogeneous?
3. What a thermodynamic system is heterogeneous?
4. What thermodynamic system communicates with the environment mass (substanse) and energy?
5. Which of the following is a closed thermodynamic system?
6. What is the thermodynamic system (equal amount of substance) will have the lowest value of entropy?
7. Which thermodynamic quantity is a measure of the chemical reactivity of the system?
8. How is changed the heat and enthalpy endothermic reaction?
9. How to change the heat and enthalpy exothermic reaction?
10. Which the chemical reaction in the gas phase, the entropy of a thermodynamic system is not changed?
11. Which of chemical reactions in the gas phase, and entropy of thermodynamic system is increased?
12. What is the thermodynamic system is a human?
13. Which of biochemical processes occur in the cells of a living organism?
14. The heat of formation of any substance is equal to zero?
Kinetics of chemical reactions
1. What is the rate of a chemical reaction?
2. Which equation expresses the dependence of the rate of the direct reaction 2NO + O2 = 2NO2 on the concentration of reactants?
3. Which equation expresses the dependence of the reverse reaction 2NO + O2 = 2NO2 on the concentration of reactants?
4. Which equation corresponds to the law of mass action for the direct reaction A + B + B ® AB2?
5. Which is particularly of the catalytic action of enzymes?
6. Which is the equation expressed the first order reaction rate?
7. What is the function of enzymes in living organisms?
8. For which the expression for the reaction of the form w = kC (O2)?
9. What rule is the basis of the method of «Quick»determines the shelf life of the drug?
10. How to change the speed of a direct chemical reaction CaCO3 (r) = CaO (t) + CO2 (g), if the pressure in the system to increase by 5 times?
11. What reaction is trimolecular?
12. What kind of formula to corresponds the equilibrium constant of the reaction 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) ® 2NOCl (g)?
13. What kind of formula corresponds to the expression of the law of mass action for the direct reaction CaCO3 (t) ® CO2 (g) + CaO (t)?
14. The temperature coefficient of the reaction γ = 3. How to change the rate of a chemical reaction when temperature rises from 25 ° C to 55 ° C?
Oxidation-reduction processes
1. What do you call a potential jump that occurs at the interface solution - a solution?
2. Which system has the highest oxidizing properties?
3. How to calculated Electromotive force for galvanic cell?
4. Which electrode is the electrode of the first order?
5. Which electrode is the electrode of the second order?
6. Which of the following electrode is oxidation-reduction?
7. System (+) Ag │ AgNO3 (0,1 n) ║ AgNO3 (0.01n) │ Ag (-)
8. What is the potential of the hydrogen electrode (V) in [H +] = 10-2?
9. What is the potential of the hydrogen electrode (В) if рН=10?
11. Which of electrodes are used for the potentiometric determination of the pH of body fluids?
12. Which electrode is used as the electrode definition in determining pH of gastric juice by potentiometric titration?
13. What kind of reaction occurs in a galvanic cell (-) Fe / FeSО4 // CuSО4 / Сu (+), (φ0 Fe / Fe2+ = - 0,44 В; φ0 Сu / Сu2+ = +0,34 В)?
14. What kind of reaction occurs in a galvanic cell(-) Zn/ZnS04 //CuS04 /Сu (+) (φ0Zn/Zn2+ = -0,76 B; φ0Cu/Cu2+ = +0,34 B)?
15. What kind of reaction occurs in a galvanic cell(-)Zn /ZnS04 // NiS04 /Ni (+) (φ0 Zn/Zn2+ = -0,76 B; φ0 Ni/Ni2+ = -0,25 B)?
Surface phenomena
1. What formula calculates the value of the surface activity?
2. What formula calculates the value of the adsorption of the dissolved substance on the moving phase boundary?
Г = Г¥ . C /(K + C)
3. How can you describe the state of adsorption equilibrium?
4. How does the name of state of the system, if the adsorption rate equals the desorption rate?
5. What can be used to regenerate the cationites?
6. What method can be used in order to prevent blood clotting in its preservation for removal of Ca2 +?
7. Which substance possesses surface activity?
8. Which ion has the highest adsorption capacity?
9. Which substance will be adsorbed on the surface of activated carbon in molecules form?
10. Which equation describes the adsorption at the interface of solid - liquid?
11. According to the rule-Duclos Traube how does the change surface activity of water solutions compounds of one homologous series if the carbon chain elongation by one-CH2-group?
12. Which group possesses hydrophilic properties?
13. Which group has hydrophobic properties?
14. According to the rule Paneth-Fajans which ion is adsorbed on the surface of silver bromide?
15. Which substance is a surface-active?
Disperse systems
1. What characterizes the isoelectric state of pellets?
2. How is the process of sedimentation of large aggregates by gravity?
3. Which solution of electrolyte possesses the greatest coagulating effect on the sol with negatively charged particles?
4. Which solution electrolyte possesses the greatest effect on the coagulating sol with positively charged particles?
5. Which solution of electrolyte possesses the greatest coagulating effect on the sol with negatively charged particles?
6. Which solution electrolyte possesses the greatest effect on the coagulating sol barium sulfate produced in excess of barium chloride?
7. Which solution electrolyte possesses the greatest effect on the coagulating sol silver chloride produced in excess of silver nitrate?
8. The highest rate of coagulated particles is:
9. What method is used for purification of colloidal solutions of low molecular weight impurities?
10. How called the method of purification of colloidal solutions, based on the use semi-permeable membranes and ductal solvent?
11. How called the method purification of colloidal solutions, carried out by the pressure difference on each side a semipermeable membrane?
12. Which dispersed system will be observed Tyndall cone?
13. Which is the potential-ion ion in obtaining sol Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 action on FeCl3 excess К4[Fe(CN)6]?
14. Which ion is a potential determining ion in obtaining sol Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 addition to the К4[Fe(CN)6] excess FeCl3
15. How is the process of combining the colloidal particles into larger aggregates?
16. What is the formula corresponds to the micelle sol stabilized by excess barium sulfate K2SO4?
17. Which ion is more quickly causes coagulation of negatively charged sol?
18. What ions can be determining for potential sol iron sulfide?
19. What is the formula corresponds to the micellar sol silver bromide stabilized by silver nitrate?
High molecular weight compounds
1. What happens with the limited swelling of macromolecular compounds?
2. What is the name not hydrolytic violation of the unique structure of the native protein, characterized by changes in the physico-chemical and biological properties?
3. What do you call a spontaneous process of absorption of low molecular weight solvent macromolecular substances, characterized by an increase in weight and volume?
4. What formula calculated the degree of swelling of the polymer?
5. How is the value of pH, where the net charge of the protein molecule is zero?
6. What happens with an unlimited swelling polymer?
7. What is the quantitative measure of the swelling?
8. What pH value occur the smallest swelling proteins?
9. What is the name process of precipitation of high-molecular compounds by electrolyte solutions?
10. What is the name process of fusion of hydration shells macromolecular without combining the particles themselves?
11. The isoelectric point of albumin is pH = 4.8. What value of pH of the solution of albumin are positively charged and electrophoresis transferred to the cathode?
12. Solution containing a mixture of proteins: γ-globulin blood (pI = 6,40); serum albumin (pI = 4,64); cytochrome c (pI = 10,70). What value of pH can be electrophoretically separate the proteins?
13. What is oncotic pressure?
14. In the pharmacy to prolong the action, increasing stability and masking the unpleasant taste of the drug used microencapsulation. What process is the basis of micro-encapsulation?
Tests on legal competence
1. What is the basic rule in helping to the case of acute poisoning by toxic substances, regardless of the severity of poisoning and the condition of the victims?
2. What is forbidden to do persons by electric shock?
3. Which containers with chemicals and chemical substances are allowed to use in the lab?
4. What is the name a substance or mixture that is added to the organic material to reduce its flammability?
5. At the chemical burns the affected area is washed with water from the tap for a long time (at least 15 minutes). What substance Solution to treat burn from the place of his defeat acid?
6. What is the name concentration of harmful substances, which in daily (except weekends) work for 8 hours or at other duration (but not more than 41 hours per week) during the entire working experience can not cause diseases or health deviations detected by modern methods studies in operation or in the late periods of life of present and future generations?
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