5 A

Unit 1 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 asks

2 don’t fly

3 is meeting

4 hardly ever goes out

5 starts

6 Do you fancy

7 never wears

1 forget

2 imagine

3 do they want

4 are studying

5 am wearing

6 belongs

1 to buy

2 listening

3 to wear

4 crying

5 having

6 meeting

7 to try

Vocabulary

1 trendy

2 fluffy

3 smart

4 flowery

5 high-heeled

1 unable

2 irresponsible

3 inseparable

4 incredible

5 uncomfortable

1 nylon

2 full-length

3 leather

4 tight

5 matching

6 in

7 if

8 beautiful

9 like

10 –

Use of English

1 to be

2 elegant

3 old-fashioned

4 unconventional

5 showing off

6 to be

7 to have

8 to wear

9 are seeing

10 stylish

Listening

1 D

2 F

3 E

4 B

5 A

Transcript

1 CCTV cameras are a small price to pay if you want to reduce crime. I don’t mind sacrificing a bit of privacy for a safer life – what matters most is that you feel safe, not being caught on camera when you’re out shopping!

2 I think CCTV cameras are wrong. I mean, what’s next? The government recording your every move and telling you how to live your life? We should be free to do what we want without feeling like we’re being watched or somehow under control. They make me uncomfortable.

3 I’m not really a fan of having cameras everywhere. I guess they’re OK in shops and public offices, though, or in places where security is important – you know, airports and underground stations where there are lots of people. Then it’s better to be safe than sorry.

4 They’re watching us all the time! At work, on public transport, in shops, in the street … Soon they’ll be watching us in our homes. I can’t stand it. But there’s nowhere to hide … Cameras are everywhere these days, it’s too much!

5 I think the police are lazy. We need more police on the street; that’s the way to prevent crime. But they prefer sitting in their comfortable offices, nice and warm, watching us on TV screens. How do they think they’re going to catch any criminals if they’re not where crime happens?

Reading

1 b

2 d

3 a

4 b

5 d

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 2 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 did he study

2 had passed

3 rained / had rained

4 were you listening

5 had changed

6 happened

7 sat

8 was shining

9 went

10 had gone

1 Did this café used to be

2 Did you use to go

3 didn’t use to have

4 used to play

5 used to do

1 That

2 How

3 What a

4 What

5 That

Vocabulary

1 of

2 about

3 of

4 about

5 about

6 with

7 about

8 of

9 with

1 solve

2 recognise

3 doubt

4 memorise

5 realise

6 remind

1 frightening

2 shocked

3 exciting

4 worried

5 confusing

Use of English

1 D

2 A

3 A

4 D

5 C

6 A

7 B

8 B

9 A

10 C

Listening

1 c

2 c

3 c

4 b

5 b

Transcript

Interviewer … with us in the studio is psychologist Dr Stephen Willard. He’s here to talk to us about memory. Good evening, Dr Willard.

Dr Willard Good evening.

Interviewer Now, what do psychologists mean by memory?

Dr Willard Well, ‘memory’ is the ability to store and recall information and experiences. This involves three steps. First, we register the information – that is, we change it into a form that the brain can understand. Next, we store it in our mind. Finally, we retrieve it – or recall it, in other words.

Interviewer How much can the average person remember?

Dr Willard That’s a complicated question. You see, there are different types of memory. There is short-term memory, for example, which we use to store a small amount of information for a short time. Imagine we ask for a person’s phone number, and then pick up our own phone to dial the number. Most of us find it difficult to remember the number. We tend to repeat the numbers over and over until we have finished dialling. However, we can improve our short-term capacity by ‘chunking’. It’s easier to memorise a ten-digit phone number if we break it down into chunks – say, three numbers, then another three, then the final four numbers – than it is to memorise the numbers one by one.

Interviewer How can we remember things for longer?

Dr Willard Lots of things can help us store information in our long-term memory. Repetition is one. The more often we use information, the easier it is to recall it. Using a logically organised system is also helpful. We can recall related information more easily than random bits of information. Emotions also have a powerful impact – we remember emotionally positive or negative events more clearly and in more detail than neutral events. Finally, we know that sleep is important because it helps our brain to arrange the information we collected during the day for easier recall later on.

Interviewer So it’s better to read your notes carefully before an exam and go to sleep than to keep studying through the night?

Dr Willard Yes, that’s exactly how it works … [fade]

Reading

1 E

2 F

3 B

4 A

5 C

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 3 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 Victoria, whose parents are from Argentina, speaks Spanish fluently.

2 which

3 Thomas, who works in a coal mine, is badly paid.

4 where

5 which

6 My job, which is quite well paid, involves working a 40-hour week.

7 who

1 Rosie and Alex, who got married last summer, live in Newcastle.

2 My aunt is a police officer, which is a stressful job.

3 Six people, who were all very enthusiastic, applied for the job.

4 I got a job in the supermarket last year, where I worked part-time.

5 I saw Bruce, whose shop is in our street, at the football match yesterday.

6 I have to do a lot of paperwork, which I find really tedious.

7 Crown Plaza, where my father works, is in the centre of the city.

1 don’t you

2 will he

3 hasn’t he

4 were they

5 didn’t he

6 do you

Vocabulary

1 deal

2 be

3 earn

4 answer

5 do

6 supervise

7 use

8 serve

1 dental assistant

2 air-traffic controller

3 actress

4 labourer

5 flight attendant

1 b

2 b

3 c

4 b

5 b

6 a

7 c

Use of English

1 who

2 whose

3 for

4 in

5 which

6 if

7 which

8 On

9 who

10 where

Listening

1 E

2 A

3 B

4 F

5 C

Transcript

1 I work in the coffee bar of a rock concert venue. It’s not a really badly-paid job, but my salary still isn’t high. I work long hours, too. Sometimes the music is terrible although I enjoy listening to some of the bands. I work in a team, and my job involves dealing with the public. Sometimes it’s stressful, but I’m a positive person, so that’s OK.

2 I’m a phone sales representative and I work in a call centre to try and sell people banking products. I do shift work – sometimes mornings, sometimes afternoons or evenings. We actually do a lot of business in the evenings when people are at home. The job’s stressful and people can be rude when they answer the phone, but it’s important to remain polite. I don’t like what I do, but the salary’s good, so that’s something.

3 I’m a refuse collector. I work in a team and the three of us are good friends. Mornings are very busy when we collect the rubbish from bins around the city. Then in the afternoons we work at the refuse collection centre. It’s menial work, but it’s never really stressful. I work five days a week, seven hours a day, and then I go home, take a bath and relax.

4 I’m a lorry driver, so I spend a lot of time on the road. I don’t work nine-to-five and I often spend the nights away from home. A lorry driver must be reliable and trustworthy because we often transport valuable things. You also have to enjoy your own company because, well, there’s no one else around to entertain you!

5 My wife and I own a small gym. We’re both fitness instructors, so we need to keep very fit. I’m in charge of managing the other trainers and my wife does the paperwork. We have a lot of customers so we’re always very busy, but we find the work rewarding. I wouldn’t think about doing anything else now.

Reading

1 F

2 F

3 T

4 T

5 F

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 4 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 haven't eaten

2 has been

3 have just heard

4 haven’t seen

5 have enjoyed

6 has gone

7 did you start

8 met

9 played

10 haven’t introduced

1 has been watching

2 has read

3 has liked

4 has passed

5 have been jogging

6 have been practising

7 has it been raining

8 have had

9 have you decided

10 have loved

Vocabulary

1 b

2 a

3 c

4 a

5 c

6 b

7 b

1 awareness

2 right

3 issue

4 campaign

5 tax

6 law

1 upset

2 blocked up

3 stiff

4 swollen

5 itchy

6 allergic

7 dislocated

Use of English

1 B

2 A

3 D

4 D

5 C

6 D

7 A

8 C

9 B

10 D

Listening

1 F

2 T

3 F

4 F

5 T

Transcript

Mark I started yoga two years ago. My girlfriend at the time did yoga regularly and she kept inviting me along, but I didn’t feel it was for me, so I didn’t go. Then, about a month after we split up, I thought about joining a yoga class. It had nothing to with being fit and healthy; it was because I thought it would be a good way of meeting some new people.

I expected the atmosphere to be, you know, spiritual, but it wasn’t anything like that. The teacher made me feel welcome and the course was very relaxed. I thought I’d be the only boy in the class, but there were three others, and about twelve girls – all in their late teens, like myself. Everyone was really friendly.

The first time I went, I made a silly mistake. I didn’t take off my shoes. It took me a few minutes to realise that everyone else was barefoot. I always remember to take them off now. People sit and lie on the floor, you see, so it’s unhygienic to walk around in street shoes.

The postures were easier than I thought. When you see pictures of yoga classes, you always see people in impossible poses which look painful. But there are simpler variations of the poses if you find the more complex ones too tricky.

Yoga isn’t just about exercise, of course. It’s also about meditation: forgetting the outside world and focusing inside yourself. And it’s also about breathing techniques. I’ve never regretted starting yoga. I go a couple of times every week, and whenever I can I do breathing exercises and meditate when I get home from school. It makes doing homework much easier, and I sleep better, too. Going to yoga has also meant I’ve made lots of good friends, and we often meet up at the weekend.

Reading

1 b

2 a

3 d

4 c

5 b

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 5 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 may / might visit

2 will probably get married

3 will definitely replace

4 continue

5 could / may / might discover

6 will probably reach

7 could / may / might become

1 will be lying

2 Will people be sharing

3 will have forgotten

4 will have done

5 will be getting

6 will be spending

7 will have used up

8 won’t have finished

1 to buy

2 I’ll go

3 to go

4 to study

5 you’ll be

Vocabulary

1 social-networking

2 USB

3 app

4 autocomplete

5 link

6 GB

7 file-sharing

8 Wi-Fi

1 toothbrush

2 alarm clock

3 baseball

4 can opener / tin opener

5 lipstick

6 tape measure

1 reduce

2 provide

3 make

4 treat

5 suffer

6 start

Use of English

1 A

2 D

3 A

4 C

5 B

6 D

7 D

8 D

9 C

10 D

Listening

1 D

2 F

3 C

4 E

5 B

Transcript

1 Why are we spending billions on trying to get people to Mars? There are still plenty of places on Earth that we haven’t explored: the bottom of the oceans, for example. Why don’t we invest in looking for natural resources there, or for ways to start a colony under the sea? These possibilities are just as exciting as anything we might do in space.

2 I think people have forgotten what’s really important. Scientists used to make discoveries that made our lives safer or healthier, and our work easier and more productive. These days it’s all about new forms of entertainment, new ways of wasting time … I’m thinking of things like digital TV, smartphones, computer games. We were perfectly happy without these, and we’ll still be happy if we stop making them one day.

3 I think the potential of space is really exciting. It’s not just about visiting new places; space exploration can help us change our ideas. Scientists can carry out experiments in space that would impossible on Earth. The modern space projects promote co-operation between nations, too – think about the International Space Station, for example. Russia, Europe, Japan and the United States are all building it together. Just thirty years ago it would have been impossible. Would I say yes if anyone asked me to go into space? Definitely!

4 Technology develops so fast, it’s difficult to keep up. By the time you buy a new smartphone or an mp3 player, it’s already out of date. I love that! I spend a lot of my free time on the Internet looking for news about new gadgets. It’s just a shame I don’t have the money to buy everything I like.

5 I think technology is changing relationships between people. Social-networking sites make it easier to maintain friendships that you don’t have the time for in real life, mobile phones mean we can go anywhere and still keep in touch with people who are important to us, and Wi-Fi hotspots allow us to work and communicate from almost anywhere. We aren’t tied to one way of doing things any more. I think it’s brilliant, and I can’t imagine living without it now.

Reading

1 F

2 F

3 T

4 T

5 F

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 6 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 Fred told Sheila (that) he would never forget her.

2 The kids said (that) their grandparents were thinking of moving to a village the following year.

3 Emily said (that) Steve didn’t know her surname.

4 Last Saturday, Sean told Hannah (that) he couldn’t go to the cinema with her that evening

5 The workers told their boss (that) they wouldn’t be able to finish the work on time.

6 The detective said (that) he/she had never had any mysteries he/she couldn’t solve.

7 Kelly said (that) she was buying a present for herself that day.

8 Mr and Mrs McCormick told us (that) they had visited Exeter the week before / the previous week.

9 Helen told Luke (that) she doubted he'd be able to live in a remote mountain village for very long.

10 Mary told reporters (that) she had just seen an alien spacecraft.

1 Harry asked Dave whether/if they were going to the football game that Saturday.

2 My teacher asked me whether/if I would go to university after I left school.

3 The policeman asked Mr and Mrs Willis where they had been at the time of the robbery.

4 I asked the inspector whether/if he/she had interviewed the neighbours about the incident.

5 Nick asked his girlfriend when she was going to come home.

6 The police officer asked Mrs Phillips whether/if anyone had phoned her that morning.

7 The reporter asked the woman whether/if she could tell him/her what had happened the night before/the previous night.

8 I asked Michelle where her boyfriend worked.

9 The doctor asked Mike what he had seen when the UFO landed.

10 Jason asked his parents why their guests had had to leave so early.

Vocabulary

1 curtain rail

2 windowsill

3 keyhole

4 floorboards

5 table lamp

6 flowerbeds

7 coffee table

8 bookshelf

9 ashtrays

10 rocking chair

1 china

2 glass

3 leather

4 marble

5 fabric

1 across

2 on

3 for

4 over

5 into

Use of English

1 that

2 that

3 off

4 through / into / in

5 fireplace / grate

6 into / inside / in

7 across

8 have

9 have

10 into

Listening

1 b

2 c

3 b

4 a

5 c

Transcript

Molly When people talk about mysteries, they often think about places like the Bermuda Triangle or Loch Ness. The place I visited is less mysterious, but the experience had a huge effect on me.

A couple of years ago my friend Kate persuaded me to go on holiday to Malta with her. I expected the usual sort of summer holiday, but instead of lying on the beach or clubbing all night, Kate’s plan was to explore the island’s history, culture and traditions – far more interesting than beaches, clubs and bars!

We visited several of the island’s many churches. We saw the Mosta Dome, the third largest dome in the world, and learned what happened during the Second World War on the 9th of April 1942. A bomb fell on the church, landed in the middle of the 300 people there … and didn’t go off. Everyone survived unharmed.

On the nearby island of Gozo we saw another church which has a dome that is larger than the one at St Paul’s Cathedral in London. The church can hold 3,000 people, which means the whole village can go to church at the same time! We also saw old temples built in the Stone Age, about 6,000 years ago. I loved the sense of time that they give you. The really intriguing thing about them, though, is that the civilisation that built these temples used them for a thousand years – and then simply disappeared!

But the strangest thing we saw was a rock formation. There are marks in the rock that look like train tracks, forming an enormous network. It looks like an unused train station, and an Englishman named it Clapham Junction – after the railway station in London. Some people say the rock is soft and that carts with wooden wheels must have left their mark in the rock. Others say the tracks may have been canals used to transport water. It’s definitely one of the most curious things I’ve ever seen in my life.

Reading

1 F

2 B

3 E

4 C

5 A

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 7 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 longer, longer

2 less

3 the most interesting

4 harder

5 the most carefully

6 more quickly / quicker

7 the most successful

1 A working holiday is the least difficult way to get work experience.

2 Bill has less free time than Tom.

3 That was/is the least helpful advice I’ve ever heard.

4 English is the least difficult subject at school.

5 Kate dances less gracefully than Joanna.

1 didn’t spend

2 would ask

3 would you do

4 didn’t tidy

5 knew

6 had

7 stay

8 would be

Vocabulary

1 fell out

2 married

3 fancy

4 chat

5 up

6 back

7 with

1 b

2 c

3 b

4 c

5 c

6 a

7 b

1 to

2 in

3 for

4 of

5 of

6 with

Use of English

1 B

2 A

3 D

4 A

5 A

6 A

7 A

8 B

9 C

10 D

Listening

1 A

2 A

3 R

4 R

5 A

Transcript

Presenter In our Valentine’s Day special, I’m talking to Angie and Rob, an eighteen-year-old couple from Bristol. So, what was your first date like?

Rob Our first date was about two years ago …

Angie [interrupts] No, it wasn’t. It was two years, ten months ago yesterday.

Presenter How did it all start?

Angie We met at a party and got on well. Afterwards, I friended Rob on Facebook, and we chatted a few times on there too. I waited for a month for him to ask me out – but he never did. I thought he fancied me!

Rob She’s right. Angie asked me out. She sent me a message on Facebook, saying ‘Do you want to go on a date?’

Presenter Were you afraid he’d say no, Angie?

Angie No, I wasn’t. I was sure we’d get on well together as a couple. And he accepted immediately. I got his message back the same day.

Presenter What did you do on your first date?

Rob We went to the cinema.

Presenter Which film did you see? And who chose it?

Angie He did. It was some stupid action movie, I think. I don’t really remember what it was.

Rob It was Fast Five … and yes, it was stupid, but I love action films. I realise now I should have taken Angie to a romantic comedy instead.

Angie You can say that again! Anyway, we had a good time, and Rob took me to a pizza restaurant afterwards.

Presenter Have you ever fallen out?

Rob Once – for a few hours.

Angie It was a misunderstanding. I overheard two friends of mine saying that Rob wanted to split up with his girlfriend. I was really angry. I rang up Rob and we had a big row.

Rob Yes, she shouted at me, but I didn’t know what she was talking about.

Angie Then I found out my friends were talking about another Rob, not my Rob, and I apologised.

Rob And she took me to another action movie to make up with me.

Angie But of course I chose one that he’d already seen …

Rob Well, it’s the thought that counts.

Angie And we’ve been happy together ever since!

Presenter Thanks, Angie and Rob.

Reading

1 F

2 A

3 E

4 C

5 D

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 8 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 have existed

2 is not allowed

3 was made

4 is being watched

5 had been eaten

6 visited

7 will be built

8 have walked

9 is being held

10 doesn’t close

1 everybody

2 anyone

3 something

4 anything

5 nothing

6 somewhere

1 It doesn’t matter what you think.

2 It was wet and windy today.

3 It was easy to learn the pronunciation of these words.

4 It takes about an hour to travel from Brighton to London.

Vocabulary

1 office

2 reclaim

3 waiting

4 class

5 hand

6 hall

7 petrol

8 seat

1 remote

2 historic

3 intrepid

4 gruelling

5 notorious

6 unsuccessful

7 lethal

1 switched on

2 ASAP

3 grief

4 folks

5 wobbly

Use of English

1 C

2 A

3 B

4 C

5 C

6 C

7 C

8 B

9 D

10 C

Listening

1 C

2 E

3 F

4 B

5 A

Transcript

1 We didn’t take the car because there are always traffic jams on the motorway on Friday afternoons, and we thought the train would be better. We bought tickets – they were expensive – and waited for three hours before they told us the train was cancelled. We were furious and wrote a letter to complain about the terrible service.

2 Last year we booked a package holiday. It was a late night flight, but that was OK, and we were able to sleep on the plane. But the hotel was so noisy! And the rooms were dirty, and the view was disappointing. We made a fuss and contacted the travel agency and they took us to a better hotel. We had to pay extra though, which is a disgrace.

3 I travel a lot for business, and I usually fly with the same airline. I wanted a business class ticket because I had to work during the flight, so I needed plenty of space. But the plane only had economy class. At the check-in desk, they promised I could board the plane first to choose the most suitable place to work, but I still ended up next to a crying baby!

4 My grandparents live in a remote village in the north of England and I wanted to visit them for their wedding anniversary. No trains or coaches go there, so I asked my girlfriend to drive me. The first part of the journey was OK, but outside Birmingham there was an accident and we spent hours in a traffic jam. We got to my grandparents’ house after midnight, and we had to wake them up.

5 I had a job interview in Bristol last week, so I took a fast train from Oxford. I got my ticket, and ten minutes later, they announced my train to Bristol. Soon I was in Reading – which is in the wrong direction! I complained to the ticket controller there. He was really unhelpful and made me buy a new ticket from Reading to Bristol. Needless to say, I didn’t get to my interview on time and I didn’t get the job.

Reading

1 F

2 T

3 F

4 F

5 F

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 9 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 had my handbag stolen

2 had it painted

3 have our car fixed

4 Have you had a tattoo done

5 have his eyes checked

6 did Jade have her hair dyed

1 ourselves

2 myself

3 yourselves

4 herself

5 themselves

6 himself

1 I wouldn’t have been angry if my dad hadn’t forgotten my birthday.

2 If Jake had studied hard(er), he would have passed the exam.

3 If Norman hadn’t driven too fast, he wouldn’t have had an accident.

4 We would have caught the bus if we hadn’t left home too late.

5 If Alex hadn’t forgotten Sarah’s email address, he would have sent her an email.

6 If Paul hadn’t lied to Joanna, they wouldn’t have had a big row.

7 I could/would have bought a new camera if I had had enough money.

8 My boyfriend and I wouldn’t have split up if we hadn’t argued all the time.

Vocabulary

1 cash

2 sale

3 change

4 bargain

5 receipt

6 stock

7 till

8 refund

1 on

2 around

3 out

4 on

5 up

6 back

7 for

8 in

1 for

2 on

3 in

4 in

Use of English

1 been

2 out

3 under

4 himself

5 in

6 had

7 by

8 on

9 If

10 in

Listening

1 T

2 F

3 F

4 T

5 F

Transcript

Man The luckiest day of my life didn’t start out well. I was having my motorbike serviced, so I had to go to college by bus. It was very crowded inside the bus and when I got off, I thought my laptop had been stolen from my rucksack. In fact, the laptop was still on my desk at home, but I didn’t realise that at the time.

I was very depressed, so I went into a shop to buy some chocolate to cheer me up. As I was queuing at the till, I saw some lottery scratch cards. I know that your chances of winning the lottery are really small so I don’t usually buy them, but at that moment I had a sudden urge to try my luck, so I got some chocolate and a card.

Then I walked to the library. I had a lot of work to do for college and I forgot all about the scratch card. As it happened, I was walking past the same shop to go home that afternoon when I remembered it. I took out a pound coin and scratched it. Nothing.

I felt depressed again. (Remember, this was before I knew my laptop was safe.) I walked into the shop to get another chocolate bar. There was a very attractive girl at the till, and she asked me if I wanted another scratch card. I was surprised because I didn’t remember seeing her in the morning. I told her that, and she said she’d been putting up signs for special offers in the window and that’s probably why I hadn’t seen her.

She asked me if I’d won anything with the first card. I said no, and told her about the horrible day I’d had. She laughed and said that we should have coffee together and she would tell me the story of her horrible day … Yes, this gorgeous girl actually asked me out on a date! So we had coffee, and we’ve been going out ever since. She’s the most amazing girl I’ve ever met and I still can’t believe she’s my girlfriend. And that’s why I’ll always remember the day we met as the luckiest day of my life.

Reading

1 c

2 b

3 d

4 c

5 d

Writing

Students’ own answers.

Unit 10 Progress Test B

Grammar

1 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, belonging to the city of New York, opened in 1872.

2 The plane, carrying 1,000 passengers, is going to be the largest passenger aircraft in the world.

3 They are staying in a small hotel located near the old part of town.

4 The photo hanging on the wall in the living room was taken by my sister.

5 Glastonbury Festival, changed into a rock festival in the 1970s, had originally been a festival of classical music.

6 Audrey Hepburn, born in Belgium, became one of the best-loved actors of all time.

7 The students taking part in the maths competition must solve some very difficult problems.

1 a little

2 Each

3 much

4 None

5 most

6 some

7 few

1 such

2 so

3 so

4 such a

5 so

6 such

Vocabulary

1 b

2 b

3 c

4 b

5 b

6 a

7 c

1 Europe

2 goers

3 up

4 acts

5 site

6 bus

7 music

1 paintings

2 sketches

3 sculptures

4 illustrations

5 drawing

6 exhibitions

Use of English

1 C

2 A

3 C

4 C

5 C

6 B

7 B

8 B

9 A

10 A

Listening

1 c

2 b

3 a

4 b

5 a

Transcript

Man So, what was the most interesting art exhibition you’ve ever seen?

Woman Probably one I saw in London a few years ago. I spent my summer holiday there, and one rainy day I visited the National Gallery. What amazed me most was that almost all the paintings were fakes. They weren’t genuine.

Man So why did the gallery show them?

Woman Well, they thought it would be interesting to have an exhibition about the role of science in understanding art. And it is. It’s fascinating to see some of the mistakes museums made before the development of sophisticated scientific methods. Nowadays, of course, experts examine works of art they want to buy scientifically, and this helps them decide whether the price is right and whether they’re dealing with the real thing at all.

Man Do they ever make mistakes?

Woman Yes, expensive mistakes! And this exhibition showed some of the worst mistakes the gallery had made in the past. One mistake in 1845 cost the keeper – that’s the person in charge of the gallery – his job. The gallery paid a lot of money for a painting they thought was by Hans Holbein, but actually, it was painted at least seventeen years after the artist had died!

Man How embarrassing! What about other big mistakes?

Woman Well, on one occasion they bought what they thought were two paintings by Botticelli. They paid about 1,000 pounds for one of them – a lot of money at the time – and more than 1,600 for the other one. It turns out that the cheaper one is genuine, but the more expensive one probably isn’t.

Man Any other nasty surprises?

Woman Well, there are some long-running disputes! The most well-known is probably the story of The Madonna of the Pinks. It was bought by the gallery in 2004. The seller had always thought the picture was a copy of a painting by Raphael, but the expert from the gallery disagreed. He thought it was a genuine Raphael. However, the painting was going to be sold to an American collector and the gallery was very keen to keep it in Britain. They had to raise a lot of money to be able to buy it for the National Gallery. In fact, they paid over £22 million for it. A lot of people criticised the museum’s expert for wasting the National Gallery’s money on a copy, but he was sure that the painting was genuine and that it was worth every penny they paid for it! The debate continues to this day.

Reading

1 F

2 T

3 T

4 F

5 F

Writing

Students’ own answers.

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