Грамматиканы пысықтау/Закрепление грамматики/ Revision of Grammar (6 – 8 grades)
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Жекеше түр /в ед числе /Singular form
| Көпше түр/ во мн числе /Plural form
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(Noun → Pronoun→Adjective→Tenses)
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↓
a book/ an apple
↓
My book (possessive pronoun)
↓
It is a book→ It is an interesting book
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2 book s
↓
Our book s (possessive pronoun)
↓
They are book s →They are interesting books
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Verb to be in Present
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Auxiliary verbs (вспомогательные глаголы): I – am/ He, she, it – is/ We, they, you - are
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(+) I am a pupil
(?) Are you a pupil?
(-) I am not a pupil
| (+) We are pupils
(?) Are you pupils?
(-) We aren’t pupils
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(+) He is a pupil
(?) Is he a pupil?
(-) He isn’t a pupil
| (+) They are pupils
(?) Are they pupils?
(-) They aren’t pupils
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Verb to be in Past
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Auxiliary verbs: I, he, she, it – was; We, they, you - were
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(+) I was a pupil last year
(?) Were you a pupil last year?
(-) I wasn’t a pupil last year
| (+) We were pupils last year
(?) Were you pupils last year?
(-) We weren’t pupils last year
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Verb to be in Future
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Auxiliary verbs: I, we – shall/shan’t; I, we, they, you, he, she, it – will/won’t
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(+) I shall be a pupil next year
(?) Will you be a pupil next year?
(-) I shan’t be a pupil next year
| (+) We shall be pupils next year
(?) Will you be pupils next year?
(-) We shan’t be pupils next year
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Present Simple – действие на каждый день
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Auxiliary verbs: do – I, you, we, they; does – he, she, it
| Auxiliary words: every day, every year, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom/rarely
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(+) He has a book
(?) Does he have a book?
(-) He doesn’t have a book
| (+) We have 2 book s
(?) Do you have 2 books?
(-) We don’t have 2 books
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Present Continuous – действие на момент речи, сейчас
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Auxiliary verbs: I – am /am not+ing;
you/we/they – are/aren’t+ing; he/she/it – is/isn’t+ing
| Auxiliary words:
at this moment, now
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(+) He is reading a book now
(?) Is he reading a book now?
(-) He isn’t reading a book now
| (+) We are reading 2 books now
(?) Are you reading 2 books now?
(-) We aren’t reading 2 books now
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Past Simple – действие в прошлом
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Auxiliary verbs: I/you/we/they/he/she/it–did/didn’t
| Auxiliary words: yesterday, last time/week/year, a week ago, in 1888
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(+) He read a book last month
(?) Did he read a book last month?
(-) He didn’t read a book last month
| (+) We read 2 book s last month
(?) Did you read 2 books last month?
(-) We didn’t read 2 books last month
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Past Continuous – действие в прошлом, в определенное время, с уточнением
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Auxiliary verbs: I/you/we/they – were+ing;
he/she/it – was+ing
| Auxiliary words: at that time yesterday,
at 5 o’clock, when he came
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(+) He was reading a book when I came.
(?) Was he reading a book when I came?
(-) He wasn’t reading a book when I came
| (+) We were reading 2 books when he came.
(?) Were you reading 2 books when he came?
(-) We weren’t reading 2 books when he came.
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Future Simple – действие в будущем, констатация факта
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Auxiliary verbs: I/we – shall/shan’t;
I/we/you/they/he/she/it–will/won’t
| Auxiliary words: tomorrow, next time/week/year,
in a week
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(+) I shall read a book tomorrow.
(?) Will you read a book tomorrow?
(-) I shan’t read a book tomorrow.
| (+) We shall read 2 books tomorrow.
(?) Will you read 2 books tomorrow?
(-) We shan’t read 2 books tomorrow?
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Future Continuous – действие в будущем в определенное время. с уточнением
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Auxiliary verbs: I/we – shall/shan’t +be+ing;
I/we/you/they/he/she/it –will/won’t+be+ing;
| Auxiliary words: tomorrow, next time/week/year,
in a week
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(+) I shall be reading a book at this time tomorrow.
(?) Will you be reading a book at this time tomorrow?
(-) I shan’t be reading a book at this time tomorrow.
| (+) We shall be reading 2 books at this time tomorrow.
(?) Will you be reading 2 books at this time tomorrow?
(-) We shan’t be reading 2 books at this time tomorrow?
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Present Perfect – завершенность действия на момент речи, результат
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Auxiliary verbs:
I/you/we/they – have+(ed)V3; he/she/it – has+(ed)V3
| Auxiliary words:
today, this week/month/year, already, never, yet(?/-), recently, since then, lately
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(+) He has read book this week.
(?) Has he read a book this week?
(-) He hasn’t read a book this week
| (+) We have read 2 books this week
(?) Have you read 2 books this week?
(-) We haven’t read 2 books this week
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Present Perfect Continuous – продолжение действия за определенное время, незавершенность
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Auxiliary verbs:
I/you/we/they – have been+ing;
he/she/it – has been + ing
| Auxiliary words:
since, for, all day
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(+) He has been reading a book since morning.
(?) Has he been reading a book since morning?
(-) He hasn’t been reading a book since morning
| (+) We have been reading 2 books for 2 weeks
(?) Have you been reading 2 books for 2 weeks?
(-) We haven’t been reading 2 books for 2 weeks
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Past Perfect –завершенность действия в прошлом до начала другого действия
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Auxiliary verbs:
I/you/we/they/he/she/it – had/hadn’t+(ed)V3
| Auxiliary words:
by 5 o’clock, by the end of, before he came
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(+) He had read a book before he came.
(?) Had he read a book before he came?
(-) He hadn’t read a book before he came
| (+) We had read 2 books by 2 o’clock
(?) Had you read 2 books by 2 o’clock?
(-) We hadn’t read 2 books by 2 o’clock
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Past Perfect Continuous - продолжение действия за определенное время в прошлом, незавершенность
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Auxiliary verbs:
I/you/we/they/he/she/it – had been+ing
| Auxiliary words:
since, for, when
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(+) He had been reading a book for 2 hours when he came.
(?) Had he been reading a book for 2 hours when he came?
(-) He hadn’t been reading a book for 2 hours when he came
| (+) We had been reading 2 books for 2 hours since morning
(?) Had you been reading 2 books for 2 hours since morning?
(-) We hadn’t been reading 2 books for 2 hours since morning.
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Future Perfect - завершенность действия в определенный момент в будущем, результат
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Auxiliary verbs:
I/we/ – shall/shan’t have+(ed)V3
I/you/we/they/he/she/it – will/won’t have+(ed)V3
| Auxiliary words:
by this time next Monday, as soon as he come s
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(+) I shall have read a book by 2 o’clock.
(?) Will you have read a book by 2 o’clock?
(-) I shan’t have read a book by 2 o’clock
| (+) They will have read 2 books by 2 o’clock
(?) Will they have read 2 books by 2 o’clock?
(-) They won’t have read 2 books by 2 o’clock
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Future Perfect Continuous - продолжение действия за определенное время в будущем, незавершенность
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Auxiliary verbs:
I/we/–shall/shan’t have been+ing
I/you/we/they/he/she/it – will/won’t have been+ing
| Auxiliary words:
for, since
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(+) I shall have been reading a book for 2 hours when he come s tomorrow.
(?) Will you have been reading a book for 2 hours when he come s tomorrow?
(-) I shan’t have been reading a book for 2 hours when he come s.
| (+) They will have been reading 2 books for 2 hours when he come s tomorrow.
(?) Will they have been reading 2 books for 2 hours when he come s tomorrow?
(-) They won’t have been reading 2 books for 2 hours when he come s tomorrow
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