Adverbial modifier (Обстоятельство, Пысыктауыш)

Adverbial modifier (Обстоятельство, Пысыктауыш)

I. Adverbs add to the meaning of a verb. It is used to say how, where or when something happens. Adverbs are divided into quantitative and qualitative adverbs. Quantitative adverbs are used before a verb (ever, often, sometimes, only etc…) whereas quanlitative adverbs may be used before and after a verb and may come in the beginning and in the end of the sentence. There are three main types of adverbial modifier which are of place, time and manner.

Adverbial modifier of time and place usually comes in the end of the sentence. Adverbial modifier place precedes the adverbial modifier of time.

Jack is leaving for London tomorrow.

However if the action has already been mentioned in the previous sentence to show the succession or consistence (последовательность) of the action adverbial modifier of time and place may come in the beginning of the sentence.

Then...

At a quarter past six...

Across the road was a big bungalow.

From the kitchen opened a little pantry.

On the tip of a rock above him sat a little bird.

II. There is no apparent borderline between adverbial modifier of place and indirect object. In the sentences: Give me the book (indirect object) and Give the book to me (adverbial modifier of place). Indirect object is applied due to characteristic feature of english language to express all defining moments before the direct object

Prepositional objects in english mostly provides the meaning of adverbial modifier of place or adverbial modifier of manner or attribute (определение)

Several greying veterans had been with the hotel a quarter-century or more. Несколько седеющих ветеранов служили в отеле лет по 25 и более. (где?) 1 know it for a fact. Я точно это знаю. (как?) As personal assistant to Warren Trent, Christine was privy to the hotel inner secrets. Будучи личным помощником Уоррена Трента, Кристин была посвящена во все тайны отеля, (чьим?)

III. Adverbial modifier of manner is of great, special interest. Its place in the sentence is not fixed. It may come in the beginning, in the middle or in the end of the sentence. It may also come before and after the verb.

She speaks English fluently. I perfectly understand you. Lyle Dumaire, unhappily, nodded. Unhappily, Marsha nodded.

A) In the number of cases coming in the beginning or in the middle of the sentence adverbial modifier of manner may be close to the meaning of parenthesis (вводное слово).

But now, incredibly, the chains were removed. Но теперь, как это ни было невероятно, цепи сняли.

"I'm not in a state," replied Pitty, surprisingly, for less strain than this had frequently brought on fainting fits. «И вовсе я не взволнована», — ответила Питти к общему удивлению, потому что и по более пустяковым поводам она часто падала в обморок.

Unbelievingly, he protested. Все еще не веря, он начал протестовать.

B) Advervial modifier of manner sometimes may be represented by participle I, II with the help of suffix ‘ly’. Its place in the sentence and the translation can also be different. It can be translated by: gerund, word combination, descriptive translation

C) Valentin smoked frowningly for a few seconds. Валентин, хмурясь, некоторое время курил.

D) The Duchess went on accusingly. Герцогиня продолжала говорить обвинительным тоном.

E) A private duty nurse was reportedly on the way. Частная дежурная медсестра, как им сообщили, уже выехала. descriptive translation

F) The water was achingly cold. Вода была так холодна, что сводило все члены. descriptive translation

Some advervial modifier of manners needs unfloding while translating

Statistically and investmentwise the clothing industry is of great importance to the economy. По статистическим показателям и по размерам капиталовложений

промышленность по производству готовой одежды играет важную роль в экономике страны. This is fundamentally wrong. Это в основе своей неверно.

In some cases using such adverbial modifiers may assist to avoid prepositional or nonprepositional objects by substituting them

All these branches are centrally directed from a head office. Всеми этими филиалами руководит из центра главное управление. •

Не listed specific areas for study and urged planning — presidentially inspired — for aviation on the ground. Он перечислил конкретные вопросы, требующие изучения, и призвал к планированию в области наземной авиации под руководством президента.

III Advervial modifier of manner may come as prepositive attributes expressed by adjective or participle. It describes not the following subject but the verb predicate

Melanie burst into tears and made her stumbling way to the door. Мелани разразилась слезами и, спотыкаясь, пошла к двери.

The prepositive attribute may also be expressed by adverbial modifier

The other detectives followed him at a reluctant trot. Остальные сыщики неохотно следовали за ним рысцой.

Isabel shrugged an indifferent shoulder. Изабел равнодушно пожала плечами.

IV. Adverbial modifier is also used between to and infinitive. It is called as a split infinitive. It is used not to divert or separate the verb from the object or the adverbial modifier which is followed

Не did it in such a way that it was unthinkable to even mention paying him. Сделал он это таким образом, что немыслимо было и заикнуться о том, чтобы заплатить ему.

Mr Calvert was standing close by the side of his Yankee wife, who even after fifteen years in Georgia never seemed to quite belong anywhere. М-р Кэлверт стоял рядом с женой, уроженкой Севера, которая, хотя и прожила в Джорджии целых пятнадцать лет, казалось, так и не прижилась окончательно нигде. Go to Mrs Elsing, and explain everything very carefully and tell her to please come up here. Иди к миссис Элсинг, объясни ей все хорошенько и попроси ее, ради бога, прийти сюда.

I don't want to ever see you again.* Я не желаю вас больше видеть.

Exercises:

I. Преобразуйте данные предложения в соответствии о моделью: поставьте обстоятельство места в начало предложения и используйте инверсию.

There was a bed on the verandah at the side, on either

side of the "visitors" door. On the verandah at the side, on either side of the

"visitors" door was a bed.

1. There was a long high jetty at the south end of the shallow bay. 2. There was a sort of marsh beyond the sands. 3. Then there came his voice from the distance. 4. There was a blue-water lake in the rear of the picture. 5. There was his recurring concern for Keith in Mel's mind. 6. There was a vague disquiet at the back of her mind. 7. There went her own little path just down the low cliff. 8. There flowed the best blood in Chicago in her veins. 9. There came a rather short man in a black business suit behind him. 10. There were the governess's poor little toilet things, brushes and a silver mirror on the dressing-table. 11. There stood a shabby black trunk in a corner. 12. There were large steel engravings of the battles of Napoleon on the walls, and there hung from the ceiling an enormous chandelier once used for gas, but now fitted with electric bulbs.

III. А. Переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на различное место обстоятельств образа действия в предложении.

1. The room was empty and, unusually, moisture dimmed his eyes. 2. Momentarily, Tanya lost her poise. 3. He was uncomfortably aware of a nervous constriction in his throat. 4. Oddly, Leesburg was distant from any airport. 5. She was characteristically frank. 6. "No!" Viciously, Warren Trent stubbed out his cigar. 7. Surreptitiously, Peter Coakley yawned. 8. Patsy Smith nodded miserably. 9. Happily he added the cash to his own wallet. 10. As I fully expected he had refused. 11. Typically, the four young men who comprised the TV crew had taken over as if the entire event had been arranged for their convenience. 12. Tragically, however, the instruction had resulted in at least one aircraft breaking apart. 13. Usually, controllers worked in shirtsleeves. 14, Mentally, Mel Bakersfeld filtered out most of the exchange, though he was aware that what had been said about conditions away from the terminal was true. 15. Earlier she had despatched her maid on an invented errand and, cruelly, instructed the moon-faced male secretary — who was terrified of dogs — to exercise the Bedlington terriers.

Б. Переведите нижеследующие предложения на английский язык. Выделенные слова и словосочетания переведите наречием образа действия.

1. Джейн с несчастным видом кивнула головой. 2. Лиз со злостью ущипнула ее за руку. 3. Обычно они работали в этой комнате. 4. Как ни странно (curiously), именно эта речь Джеймса и сблизила их (to bring together). 5. Какое-то мгновение она, казалось, готова была ударить его, но сдержалась. 6. Он возмущенно поднялся с места. 7. Он подчеркнуто (emphatically) предупредил, что беспорядков быть не должно. 8. Затем, как это ни было невероятно, он согласился. 9. В уме он взвесил все возможности. 10. Обычно лишь немногие знали о таких происшествиях. 11. Время от времени (periodically) появлялся Перри. 12. Он подмигнул мне украдкой. 13. Как это было для него характерно, он говорил откровенно. 14. Хью рассчитал, что завтра ему будет уже вполне удобно (decently) сказать Энн, что он уезжает во вторник. 15. Вдруг ему пришло в голову, что, как это ни парадоксально, Рэндолл, возможно, завидует ему.

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