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
! 0 < K < 8,? > 6 0; C 9,? @ 8 < 5 G 0 B 5; L = K < 8 8 C 4 8 2 8 B 5; L = K < 8 2 1 > 3 0 -1 B > 9 A > 1 K B 8 O < 8 6 8 7 = 8 > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 0 1 K; 8 5 3 > C A 8; 8 O? > 2 5; 8: > *? @ 8 < 5 @ C 8 =: >; L = 0 2 4 5; 5 > 1 @ 0 7 > 2 0 = 8 O G 5 @ = >: > 6 5 9 < >; > 4 5 6 8 = 0 I A B @ 0 = K. ‑ = D 8 = 0 = A 8 @ > 2 0; A B @ > 8 B 5; L A B 2 > B 0 < 1 >; 5 5 4 2 C E B K A O G A 5; L
A: 8 E H: >;, H: >; L = K E 1 8 1; 8 > B 5: 8 F 5 = B @ > 2 % @ 8 A B 8 0 = A: > 3 > A > N 7 0 < >; > 4 K E; N 4 5 9 4; O 0 D @ > -0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = F 5 2. (: >; K A B 0; 8 = 0 7 K 2 0 B L A O ｫ@ > 7 5 = 2 0; L 4 A: 8 < 8 ｻ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
$ #
$ #
(1884-1967)
0 7 8 < 5 6 $ C =:, A K =? >; L A: 8 E 5 2 @ 5 5 2, > B: @ K; 2 8 B 0 < 8 = K. @ 5 4 -| 2 0 @ O O > @ 8 3 8 = 0; L = K 5 = 0 E > 4: 8 $ C =: 0, 2 1757 3. 6 5 9 < A 8 = 4 4 >: 0 -1 7 0; 1; 0 3 > B 2 > @ = > 5 2 > 7 4 5 9 A B 2 8 5? > B @ 5 1; 5 = 8 O D @ C: B > 2 = 0 8 7; 5 G 5 = 8 5! F 8 = 3 8. 1794 3. 1 @ 8 B 0 = A: 8 9 2 > 5 = = > -< > @ A: > 9 D; > B? @ 8 7 = 0;? >; 5 7 C = > A B L A >: > 2 F 8 B @ C A > 2 K E 8 = 0 G 0; A = 0 1 6 0 B L 8 < 8 M: 8? 0 6 8, > B? @ 0 2; O 2 -' H 8 5 A O 2 4; 8 B 5; L = > 5?; 0 2 0 = 8 5. : > = F 5 4 5 2 O B = 0 4 F 0 B > 3 > 8 = 0 G 0; 5 4 2 0 4 -' F 0 B > 3 > 2 5: > 2 B 0: 8 5 C G 5 = K 5,: 0: C = 3 5, - 9: < 0 =, 5: 5; E 0 @ 8 = 3 8 % >? -1: 8 = A, > 1 > 3 0 B 8; 8 > 1 I 8 5 7 = 0 = 8 O >? 8 B 0 = 8 8 2 0 6 = K < 8 = 0 1; N 4 5 = 8 O < 8! 8 > B: @ K B 8 O < 8. @ > 2 > 4 O >? K B K * = 0 < K H 0 E 8; 8? B 8 F 0 E, > = 8 > 1 = 0 @ C -| 6 8; 8, G B > = 5: > B > @ K 5 8 7 2 5 I 5 A B 2, = 5 > 1 E > 4 8 < K E 4; O? >; = > F 5 = = > 3 >
B 0 = 8 O, 8 < 5 N B A O 2 < >; >: 5 ｻ > 2 > I 0 E 8 < O A 5. ‑ A = > 2 K 2 0 O A L! = 0 B @ C 4 0 E? @ 5 4 H 5 A B 2 5 = = 8: > 2;,! 0 7 8 < 5 6 $ C =: > B: @ K; 2 @ 8 A > 2 K E > B @ C 1 O E A > 5 4 8 = 5 = 8 O ｻ' A? > A > 1 = K 5 8 A F 5; O B L 3 >; C 1 5! > B 1 5 @ 8 -1 5 @ 8, 8 = 0 7 2 0; ｫ2 8 B 0 < 8 = 5 ｻ.
0 B 8 = A: > 5 A; > 2 > ｫC 9 0 ｻ > 7 * = 0 G 0 5 B ｫ6 8 7 = L ｻ; ｫ0 3 H? 5 ｻ > 7 = 0 -^ G 0 5 B E 8 < 8 G 5 A: 8 5 A > 5 4 8 = 5 = ｻ 0 7 > B 0. > 3 4 0 > 1 = 0 @ C 6 8; > A L! G B > = 5: 0 6 4 K 9 2 8 B 0 < 8 = 5 5 4 5 @ 6 8 B 0 7 > B,? 5 @ 2 > = 0 G 0; L = > = 0 7 2 0 = 8 5 1 K; > C: > @ > G 5 = >? > A; 5 4 = N N 1 C: 2 C ｫ@ >. 7 L G 0; L = K 9 2 8 B 0 < 8 = $ C =: 0 1 L? > 7 6 5 = 0 7 2 0 = ｫ2 8 B 0 < 8 = > <: > <?; 5: A > <? >; 8 2 8 B 0 < 8 = > 2 ‑ B: @ K B 8 5 $ C =: 0 8 < 5; < 3 > @ 0 7 4 > 1 >; L H 5 5 7 = 0 G 5 = 8 5
= 5 6 5; 8? @ > A B > 5 >? @ 5 4 5; 5 = 8 5 2 5 I 5 A B 2 0? > 4 = 0 7 2 0 = 8 5 < ｫ2 8 B 0 < 8 = ｻ. A 8; C 1 >; L H > 3 > 2; 8 O = 8 O B 0: 8 E C G 5 = K E,: 0: C 8 0 A B 5 @ 8 0 C; L - @; 8 E, < 5 4 8 F 8 = A: > 5 A > > 1 I 5 A B 2 > B > 3 > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8 A > A @ 5 4 > B > G 8; > A L B >; L: > = 0 8 7 C G 5 = 8 8 B > 3 >,: 0: 8 = D 5: F 8 O 2 K 7 K 2 0 5 B 7 0 1 >; 5 2 0 = 8 5. ‑ B: @ K B 8 5 $ C =: > < 2 8 B 0 < 8 = 0? 5 @ 5 > @ 8 5 = B 8 @ > 2 0; > 2 = 8 < 0 = 8 5 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0 B 5; 5 9 A; 5 G 5 = 8 O = 0 M D D 5: B 8 2 = K 5 A @ 5 4 A B 2 0? @ 5 4 C? @ 5 6 4 5 = 8 O 7 0 1 >; 5 2 0 = 8 9. 3 > B @ C 4 K 2 4 > E = > 2 8; 8 < = > 6 5 A B 2 > 4 @ C 3 8 E C G 5 = K E = 0 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0 = 8 O 2 > 1; 0 A B 8? 8 B 0 = 8 O 8 4 8 5 B 5 B 8: 8.
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ｫ- B 8 >; > 3 8 O 0 2 8 B 0 < 8 = > 7 0 ｻ, >? C 1; 8: > 2 0 = = 0 O 2 1912 3. 2 1 @ 8 B 0 = A: > < ｫ C @ = 0; 5 3 > A C 4 0 @ A B 2 5 = = > 9 < 5 4 8 F 8 = K ｻ, 8 5 3 >: = 8 3 0 ｫ 8 B 0 < 8 = ｻ (1913 3.; >? C 1; 8: > 2 0 = 0 = 0 0 = 3; 8 9 A: > < 2 1922 3.) @ 5 2 >; N F 8 > = 8 7 8 @ > 2 0; 8 1 8 > E 8 < 8 N 8 < 5 4 8 F 8 = C.
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
0 7 8 < 5 6 @ > 4 8; A O 2 0 @ H 0 2 5 2 A 5 < L 5 0: 0 8 C A B 0 2 K K A 0 = K $ C =: > 2. 0: $ C =: 1 K; C 2 0 6 0 5 < K < 4 5 @ < 0 B >; > 3 > <,? > 2; 8 O 2 H 8 < = 0
100 % I
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
> A; 5 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0 B 5; L A: > 9 @ 0 1 > B K 2 = A B 8 B C B 5 0 A B 5 @ 0 2 " 10 @ 8 -' 6 5, 2 5 @; 8 = A: > < C = 8 2 5 @ A 8 B 5 B 5 8 C = 8 F 8? 0; L = > 9 1 >; L = 8 F 5 8 A 1 0 4 5 = 0 2 1910 3. $ C =:? @ 8 A B C? 8;: @ 0 1 > B 5 2 = A B 8 B C B 5? @ 5 2 5 = B 8 2 = > 9 < 5 4 8 F 8 = K 8 A B 5 @ 0. < 5 = = > 2 8 A B 5 @ > 2 A: > < 8 = A B 8 B C B 5 > = 2 K 4 5; 8; 2 8 B 0 < 8 = = > 5 A > 5 4 8 = 5 = 8 5 8 7 = 8 G B > 6 = > < 0; > 9? > @ F 8 8 @ 8 A > 2 K E " > B @ C 1 5 9. 3 > > B: @ K B 8 5? @ 8 2 5; >? > 7 6 5: 2 K 4 5; 5 = 8 N B 8 0 < 8 = 0.
> A; 5 4 > 2 0; 8? > 5 7 4: 8 2 > = 4 > = A: C N @ 0: > 2 C N 1 >; L = 8 F C (1913 1915 3 3.). 0 B 5 < 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0 = 8 O 4; O 4 2 C E D 0 @ < 0 F 5 2 B 8 G 5 A: 8 E: > <? 0 = 8 9 2! ((2 1920 3. 0 7 8 < 5 6 A B 0; 3 @ 0 6 4 0 = 8 = > <! (), 2 > @ = 5; -;; 5: > < < 5 4 8 F 8 = A: > <: >;; 5 4 6 5 8 2 > 2 @ 0 G 5 1 = > < 8 E 8 @ C @ 3 8 G 5 A: > <: >;; 5 4 6 5 >; C < 1 8 9 A: > 3 > C = 8 2 5 @ A 8 B 5 B 0 2 > 2 @ 5 < O 8? > A; 5 5 @ 2 > 9 < 8 @ > 2 > 9 2 > 9 = K, 7 0 B 5 < 2 20-E 3 3. 2 > A C 4 0 @ A B 2 5 = = > < 8 = A B 8 B C B 5 3 8 3 8 5 = K 2 0 @ H 0 2 5 (2 E 1 >; L H > 9, 8 7 G 5 B K @ = 0 4 F 0 B 8: > < = 0 B; 0 1 > @ 0 B > @ 8 8,? @ > D 8 = 0 = A 8 @ > 2 0 = = > 9 $ > = 4 > < >: D 5;; 5 @ 0). A 2 O 7 8 A @ 0 A B C I 5 9 D 0 H 8 A B A: > 9 C 3 @ > 7 > 9 $ C =: C 5 E 0; 8 7 >; L H 8 A = 0 G 0; 0 2 0 @ 8 6, 3 4 5 A > 7 4 0; G 0 A B = C N; 0 1 > @ 0 B > @ 8 N? > 4 = 0 7 2 0 = 8 5 < ｫ 8 > E 8 < 8 G 5 A: 8 9 4 > < ｻ, 0 7 0 B 5 < 2 5 @ = C; A O 2 < 5 @ 8: C, 3 4 5 A B 0; 8 A A; 5 4 > 2 0 B 5; 5 < -: > = A C; L B 0 = B > < | 5 I 5 > 4 = > 9 D 0 @ < 0 F 5 2 B 8 G 5 A: > 9: > <? 0 = 8 8 (< = > 3 8 5 8 7 @ 0 7 @ 0 1 > B 0 = = K E ^ 8 < A > 5 4 8 = 5 = 8 9 A B 0; 8? 5 @ 2 K < 8 2 8 B 0 < 8 = 0 < 8,? > O 2 8 2 H 8 < 8 A O 2? @ > 4 0 6 5). > A; 5 A 2 > 5 9 = > 2 0 B > @ A: > 9 @ 0 1 > B K 2 > 1; 0 A B 8 2 8 B 0 < 8 = > 2 > = 2 = 5 A " 2 0 6 = C N; 5? B C 8 2 4 @ C 3 8 5 > 1; 0 A B 8 < 5 4 8 F 8 = A: > 9 = 0 C: 8, 2 B > < G 8 A; 5 2; 5 G 5 1 = > 5? @ 8 < 5 = 5 = 8 5? >; > 2 K E 3 > @ < > = > 2 8 2 C A B 0 = > 2; 5 = 8 5 A 2 O 7 8 < 5 6 4 C 4 8 5 B > 9 8 @ 0: > <.
‑ (
(1898-1937)
/ 6 > @ 4 6 5 @ H 2 8 = C < 5 @ 11 8 N; O
1937 3., = > O = 5 > 1 O 7 0 = 2 5 @ 8 B L M B > < C, 5 A; 8 = 5 E > G C.
6 > = ‑ '% 0 @ 0
$ 8; L < K A = 8 < 0 N B A O? > B 0: 8 < 8 A B > @ 8 O <,: 0: 6 8 7 = L 6 > @ 4 6 0 5 @ -H 2 8 = 0 (8 > 4 8 = D 8; L < ｫ 0? A > 4 8 O 2 A B 8; 5 1; N 7 ｻ 1 K; A = O B A > 1 5 @ B > <; 4 > 9 8 ‑ A: 0 @ > < 5 2 0 = B > < 2 3; 0 2 = K E.@ >; O E). 4 5 2 O B = 0 4 F 0 B L; 5 B 5 @ H 2 8 =? > A 8 4 5; > 4 = C = > G L A > A 2 > 8 < 4 @ C 3 > < 4 5 B A B 2 0 @ 2 8 = 3 > < & 5 7 0 @ 5 < 8 = 0? 8 A 0; ｫ! 2 0 = 8 ｻ. -; 6 >; A > = A 4 5; 0; 8 7 M B > 9? 5 A = 8 2 5; 8 G 0 9 H 8 9 ｫE 8 B ｻ < 5 @ 8: 8 1920 3. 0 B @ 5 B L 5 < 4 5 A O B: 5 5 @ H 2 8 = 2 > H 5; 2 8 7 1 @ 0 = = K 9: @ C 3 2 K 4 0 N I 8 E A O 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: 8 E: > <? > 7 8 B > @ > 2, 2: > B > @ > < 8 3 > A? > 4 A B 2 > 2 0; 4 > A 2 > 5 9: > = G 8 = K > B @ 0: 0 < > 7 3 0 2 2 > 7 @ 0 A B 5 B @ 8 4 F 0 B 8 2 > A L < 8; 5 B.
100 % 1
‑ (
C 7 K: 0 5 @ H 2 8 = 0? > 1 >; L H 5 9 G 0 A B 8 > G 5 = L 1; 8 7: 0 = 0 < 8 7 2 C G > G 0 I 5, G 5 <? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 O; N 1 > 3 > 4 @ C 3 > 3 >: > <? > 7 8 B > @ 0. 3 > ｫ 0? A 4 8 O ｻ, ｫ > = F 5 @ B 2 D 0 ｻ, ｫ < 5 @ 8: 0 = 5 F 2 0 @ 8 6 5 ｻ, ｫ > @ 3 8 8 5 A A ｻ; < 5; > 4 8 8: A? 5: B 0:; O < 8 D 8; L < 0 < A 5 3 > 4 = O B 0: 6 5? >? C; O @ = K,: 0: 2 > 2 @ 5 < O 8 E = 0? 8 A 0 = 8 O. 5 @ H 2 8 = C B 2 5 @ 6 4 0;, G B >? 5 A = O 4 >; 6 = 0 8 +? > 4 = O B L A O A = > 2 0 8 A = > 2 0, G B > 1 K A B 0 B L? >? C; O @ = > 9, ｫ@ 0 A: @ C G 5 = = > 9 ｻ! 3 > < C 7 K: 0? 5 @ 5 6 8; 0 1 5 A G 8 A; 5 = = K 5? > 2 B > @ 5 = 8 O, = > > = 0 1 5 5 5 I 5? >; = O 5 B: > = F 5 @ B = K 5 7 0; K 8 B 5 0 B @ K 2 > A B > @ 6 5 = = K < 8 B >;? 0 < 8.
C 7 K: 0 5 @ H 2 8 = 0? @ 8 2; 5: 0 B 5; L = 0 B 5 <, G B > = 0? >; = 5 = 0 A >; = F 5 ｻ 8 = 0 4 5 6 4 > 9 8 G 0 A B > A 4 > 1 @ 5 = 0 > 1 5 7 > @ C 6 8 2 0 N I 5 9 < 5; 0 = E >; 8 5 9. 3 = 5 6 = K 5 < 5; > 4 8 8? > 4 = 8 < 0 N B A O = 0 1 > 3 0 B > < 3 0 @ < > = 8 G 5 A: > < D C = 4 0 < 5 = | B 5, @ 8 B < K 4 6 0 7 > 2 > 3 > 2 5: 0? C; L A 8 @ C N B 2 5 3 > < C 7 K: 5: D 8; L < 0 < A? 5: B 0:; O <,? @ >? C I 5 = = K 5 B 0: B K 8 A: > @ >? 0; 8 B 5; L = K 5 = > B K: 0: 1 2 2 K B 0;: 8 2 0 N B = 0? 8 A 0 = = K 5 5 3 > 1 @ 0 B > < 9 @ > 9; 8 1 @ 5 B B >. 6 > @ 4 6? @ 8 = 5 A 7 2 C: 8 3 > @ > 4 A: > 9 6 8 7 = 8 A C; 8 F 2 ｫ? 5 = B E 0 C A K ｻ, 2: > = F 5 @ B = K 5 7 0; L 1 @ > 4 2 5 9 A: 8 5 H > C 8 >? 5 @ = K 5 B 5 0 B @ K.!?; 0 2? >? C; O @ = K E? 5 A 5 = A; 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: 8 < 8 A? 8 @ 8 G C M; 0 < 8,? 5 = 8 5 < 5 2 @ 5 9 A: > 3 >: 0 = B > @ 0, @ M 3 3 0 { < > <, A 2 8 = 3 > 2 K < 4 6 0 7 > < 8 A 8 < D > = 8 5 9? @ > 2 > 7 3; 0 A 8; 2 5:, 2: > B > @ > ｻ? > 2 K @ 0 6 5 = 8 N 5 3 >: >;; 5 3 8 > C; 0 > @ B 5 @ 0, ｫ2 A 5 3 > 4 8 B A O ｻ, = >: > G B > -B > M: A? @ 5 A A 8 2 = > 5,? > 4 2 8 6 = > 5 8 8 7 1 K B > G = > < C 7 K: 0; L = > 5.
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‑ = = 5 1 K; 2 C 4 5 @: 8 = 4 > <, = > 2? > 4 @ > A B: > 2 > < 2 > 7 @ 0 A B 5? @ > O 2 8; @ 0 A B C I C N A N: ｻ = > A B L 8 8 = B 5 @ 5 A: < C 7 K: 5. ? O B = 0 4 F 0 B L; 5 B 6 > @ 4 6? > H 5; @ 0! B 0 B L? >? C; O @ 8 7 0 B > @ > <? 5 A 5 = 2 ｫ 5 @ 5 C;: 5 6 5 A B O = K E: 0 A B @ N; L ｻ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ｻ: 5. 4 >; 0 < 8 5 @ H 2 8 = 0 1 K; 8 6 5 @ > < 5 @ = 8 @ 2 8 = 3 5 @; 8 =. 4 5 I A B 2 8 B 5; L = > A B 8 6 > @ 4 6? >? K B 0; A O @ 0 1 > B 0 B L = 0 G C B L 1 >; 5 5 A B 0 @ H 5
8 2 5 A L < 0 C 4 0 G; 8 2 > 3 > 5 @; 8 = 0,: > B > @ K 9 > B: 0 7 0; 5 @ H 2 8 = C,? > 1 C 6 4 0 O 5 3 > 3 H A 0 B L A > 1 A B 2 5 = = K 5? 5 A = 8.
ｫ! 2 0 = 8 ｻ >: 0 7 0; A O A 0 < K < 1 >; L H 8 < E 8 B > < 2 5 3 >: 0 @ L 5 @ 5? 5 A 5 = = 8: 0. # 4 8 2 8 B 5; L = > B 5?; > 5 8 M = 5 @ 3 8 G = > 5 8 A? >; = 5 = 8 5 5 5 -; > < 6 >; A > -= > < F 5; 8: > < 7 0 E 2 0 B K 2 0; > A; C H 0 B 5; 5 9 8 A 4 5; 0; > 5 @ H 2 8 = 0? >? C; O @ = K < 0 2 B > @ > <. > 3 4 0 5 @ H 2 8 =? 8 A 0; ｫ/? > A B @ > N; 5 A B = 8 F C 2 @ 0 9 ｻ 8 4 @ C 3 8 5? 5 A = 8 4; O 0; L 1 > < 0 6 > @ 4 6 0 # 0 9 B 0 ｫ!: 0 = 4 0; K 1922 3.ｻ, > =? > 7 = 0: > < 8; A O A @ C: > 2 > 4 8 B 5; 5 < 4 6 0 7 -> @: 5 A B @ 0 >; > < # 0 9 B < 5 = > <. E 2 A B @ 5 G 0 >: 0 7 0; 0 > 3 @ > < = > 5 2 > 7 4 5 9 A B 2 8 5 = 0 8 A B > @ 8 N 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 9 < C 7 K: 8.
> 3 4 0 5 @ H 2 8 = 0? >? @ > A 8; 8 = 0? 8 A 0 B L: > <? > 7 8 F 8 N 4; O? 5 @ 2 > 3 > 4 6 0 7 > 2 > 3 >: > = F 5 @ B 0 # 0 9 B < 5 = 0, > =? > A B 0 @ 0; A O? >: 0 7 0 B L A 5 @ L 5 7 = K < A; C H 0 B 5; O < < C 7 K: 8, G B > 4 6 0 7 ｫ2? >; = 5? @ 8 5 <; 5 < ｻ. > 2 @ 5 < O? > 5 7 4: 8 = 0? > 5 7 4 5 2 > A B > = = 0 @ 5? 5 B 8 F 8 N A 2 > 5 3 > = > 2 > 3 > (8 >: 0 7 0 2 H 5 3 > A O = 5 C 4 0 G = K <) H > C ｫ > 1 @ K 9 4 L O 2 >; 5 = >: ｻ, A B C:: >; 5 A 2 4 > E = > 2 8; 5 3 > = 0 A > G 8 = 5 = 8 5 ｫ 0? A > 4 8 8 2 A B 8; 5 1; N 7 ｻ. ‑ = 7 0: > = G 8; @ 0 1 > B C 7 0 B @ 8 = 5 4 5; 8. $ 5 @ 4 5 @ > D 5,? > 7 6 5? >; C G 8 2 H 8 9 8 7 2 5 A B = > A B L: 0: 0 2 B > @ A N 8 B K ｫ @ 0 = 4 - 0 = L > = ｻ, > @: 5 A B @ > 2 0; ｫ 0? A > 4 8 N ｻ 4; O 4 6 0 7 -> @: 5 A B @ 0 # 0 9 B < 5 = 0. > 2 > @ O B, 8 @ 0 4 0; = 0 7 2 0 = 8 5 M B > < C A > G 8 = 5 = 8 N? > A; 5? > A 5 I 5 = 8 O: 0 @ B 8 = = > 9 3 0; 5 @ 5 8. K = 5 7 = 0 < 5 = 8 B > 5 2 A B C?; 5 = 8 5 A? @ > = 7 8 B 5; L = K < 3; 8 A A 0 = 4 > = 0:; 0 @ = 5 B 5 8 A 0 < 8 <: > <? > 7 8 B > @ > < 7 0 D > @ B 5? L O = > A 4 5; 0; > 8 7 ｫM: A? 5 @ 8 < 5 = B 0 A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = = > 9 < C 7 K: 8 ｻ # 0 9 B < 5 = 0 8 A B > @ 8 G 5 A: > 5 A > 1 K B 8 5.
!; 5 4 C N I 5 5 H > C 5 @ H 2 8 = 0 A 4 5; L 8 $ @ 5 4 > < A B 5 9 @ 0 < 8 2 3; 0 2 = K E @ >; O E? >; C G 8; > = 0 7 2 0 = 8 5 ｫ 5 4 8, 1 C 4 L B 5 4 > 1 @ K!ｻ. ｫ; 5 = 8 B 5; L = K 9 @ 8 B < ｻ, ｫ 5 4 8, 1 C 4 L B 5 4 > 1 @ K!ｻ, ｫ >; > 2 8 = 0 M B > 3 > 3 >; C 1 G 8: 0 1; N 7 0 ｻ 8 ｫ C 6 G 8 = 0 < > 5 9; N 1 2 8 ｻ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ｫ A B 0 = L = 0 F K? > G: 8 ｻ, ｫ‑ ': 5 9!ｻ, ｫ! < 5 H = > 5; 8 F > ｻ (2: > B > @ > < A B 5 9 @ 2? 5 @ 2 K 5 8 A? >; L 7 > 2 0; F 8; 8 = 4 @ 8 D @ 0:), ｫ C A B L 3 @ 5 < 8 B > @: 5 A B @ ｻ 8 ｫ 5 7 C < = 0 O ｻ, A 5 3 > 4 = O? > G B 8 7 0 1 K B K, 8 E; 8 1 @ 5 B B > A; 8 H: > <? @ 8 2 O 7 0 = K: A 2 > 5 < C 2 @ 5 < 5 = 8. 5 A = 8, > 1 K G = > 8 A? >; = O 5 < K 5 2 = 5 8 E 8 7 = 0 G 0; L = > 3 > 4 @ 0 < 0 B 8 G 5 A: > 3 >: > = B 5: A B 0, 2? 5 @ 2 K 5? @ > 7 2 C G 0; 8 2 B 5 E 1 @ > 4 2 5 9 A: 8 E < N 7 8:; 0 E. 5 A = 8 ｫ > 1 @ K 9 8 7 0 4 C H 5 2 = K 9 ｻ, ｫ" > 1 5 7 > H 8 1 > G = > 5 > I C I 5 = 8 5 ｻ, ｫ 5; 0 9, 4 5; 0 9, 4 5; 0 9 ｻ, ｫ B > -B > > E @ 0 = O 5 B < 5 = O ｻ, ｫ- B > 8 7 C < 8 B 5; L = > ｻ, ｫ& 8; 8 = 4 @ ｻ, ｫ 0 9 7 0 ｻ, ｫ C A B L 3 @ 5 < 8 B > @: 5 A B @ ｻ, ｫ! > 1; 0 7 = 8 B 5; L = 0 O B K ｻ, ｫ > 6 8 4 0 = 8 8 1; 0 3 >? @ 8 O B = > 3 > < > < 5 = B 0 ｻ, ｫ > = 5 4; O < 5 = O ｻ 8 ｫ/? > -
100 % I
= O; @ 8 B < ｻ 8 A? >; = O N B A O B 5? 5 @ L > B 4 5; L = >, 2 = 5: > = B 5: A B 0 B 5 E D @ 8 2 >; L -1 = K E 8 A B > @ 8 9, G 0 A B L N: > B > @ K E > = 8 1 K; 8. C 7 K: 0: 0 6 4 > 9 8 7? 5 @ 5 -] G 8 A; 5 = = K E? 5 A 5 = A B 0; 0 = 5 > B J 5 <; 5 < > 9 G 0 A B L N 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 9: C; L B C - \ @ K.! B > 8 B? @ > 8 7 = 5 A B 8 8 E = 0 7 2 0 = 8 O, 8 2 K = 0 2 5 @ = O: 0 7 0? > 5 B 5 8 E.
5 6 4 C 2 K? C A: 0 < 8 H > C 5 @ H 2 8 =? @ > 4 >; 6 0; 8 7 C G 0 B L 3 0 @ < > = 8 N, |: > = B @ 0? C =: B 8 > @: 5 A B @ > 2: C. 1 >; 5 5? > 7 4 = 8 5 3 > 4 K 8 @ 0 = 5 '@ 0 7 C B -| 2 5 @ 6 4 0;, G B > 5 3 > 1 @ 0 B A B 0; C G 5 = K < < C 7 K: > 2 5 4 > <,: > B > @ K 9 = 0 B @ 5 -1 B L 5 < 4 5 A O B: 5 0 = 0; 8 7 8 @ > 2 0;? 0 @ B 8 B C @ K @ = >; L 4 0 (Q = 1 5 @ 3 0 8? > A B > -] O = = > = 0 8 3 @ K 2 0; D > @ B 5? L O = = K 5? L 5 A K; > 4 0 5 1 N A A 8. C: > 2 > 4 8 B 5; * L N - > @: A: > 3 > A 8 < D > = 8 G 5 A: > 3 > > @: 5 A B @ 0 0; L B 5 @ 0 < @ > H? > @ C G 8;! 2 1925 3. < >; > 4 > < C, = > C 6 5? >? C; O @ = > < C 5 @ H 2 8 = C = 0? 8 A 0 B L 6 0 -| 7 > 2 C N A 8 < D > = 8 N. 5 @ H 2 8 = > B:; 8: = C; A O M = 5 @ 3 8 G = K < 1; N 7 > 2 K ｻ ｫ > = F 5 @ B > < 2 D 0 ｻ. 0 6 5 1 >; L H 5, G 5 < ｫ 0? A > 4 8 O ｻ, ｫ > = F 5 @ B ｻ? > 4 -1 B 2 5 @ 4 8; 8 A: C A = > 5 2; 0 4 5 = 8 5 6 > @ 4 6 5 < < C 7 K: 0; L = > 9 D > @ < > 9 8 8 7 > 1 -| @ 5 B 0 B 5; L = > 9: > <? > 7 8 F 8 5 9. 8 B < K? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 O = 0 A B >; L: > 7 0 @ 0 7 8 B 5; L = > @ 0 7 3 C; L = K, G B > A; C H 0 B 5; L > E > B = >? > 4 G 8 = O 5 B A O 8 E > G 0 @ > 2 0 = 8 N.!
! E > 6 8 < > 1 @ 0 7 > < 5 3 > > @: 5 A B @ > 2 0 O: > <? > 7 8 F 8 O ｫ < 5 @ 8: 0 = 5 F 2 0 -| @ 8 6 5 ｻ? @ 8 = 5 A; 0 2 1928 3. 2: > = F 5 @ B = K 5 7 0; K: 0: > D > = 8 N:; 0: A > = >! D @ 0 = F C 7 A: 8 E B 0: A 8. C 7 K: 0; L = 0 O? @ > 3 C;: 0 ｫ < 5 @ 8: 0 = F 0 ｻ? >? 0 @ 8 6 A: 8 < C; 8 F 0 < C 2 5 = G 0; 0 A L = 5 1 K 2 0; K < C A? 5 E > <. ? 5 @ 2 K 5 5 5 8 A? >; H A 8 < D > = 8 G 5 A: 8 9 > @: 5 A B @ 0 < @ > H 0, 0 A > 2 @ 5 < 5 = 5 < 2 A 5: @ C? = K 5 > @: 5 A B @ K. B @ 8 4 F 0 B L; 5 B 5 @ H 2 8 = A B 0; A 0 < K < 7 = 0 < 5 = 8 B K <: > <? > 7 8 B > @ > < 2 < 8 @ 5. 3 > < C 7 K: 0 = 0 G 0; 0 >: 0 7 K 2 0 B L 2; 8 O = 8 5 = 0 B 0: 8 E @ 0 7 -* = K E: > <? > 7 8 B > @ > 2,: 0: 0 2 5; L,! B @ 0 2 8 = A: 8 9 8 5 @ 3.
(> C ｫ‑ B 5 1 5 O? > N ｻ = 0; 8 1 @ 5 B B > 6 > @ 4 6 0!. 0 C D < 0 = 0 8 @ 8 8 A: 8 = 0 8 = 0 A B 8 E 8 8 @ K 2? 5 @ 2 K 5 1 K; >? >: 0 7 0 = > 2 1931 3. 8 1 K; ｬ = 0 3 @ 0 6 4 5 = > C; 8 B F 5 @ > 2 A: > 9? @ 5 < 8 5 9 7 0 4 @ 0 < 0 B C @ 3 8 N (0 = 5 7 0 7 K: C!). 8 H 5 = L N M B > 9 A 0 @: 0 A B 8 G 5 A: > 9 8 O 7 2 8 B 5; L = > 9 A 0 B 8 @ K A B 0;? 0 < 5 @ 8: 0 = A: > 5? @ 0 2 8 B 5; L A B 2 >, A 0 < K 5 4 > @ > 3 8 5 = 0 H 5 < C A 5 @ 4 F C 8 = A B 8 -| B C B K. 5 A = 8 ｫ > < C: 0: > 5 4 5; >?ｻ, ｫ N 1 > 2 L > E 2 0 B K 2 0 5 B 2 A N A B @ 0 = C *| ｫ > B > < C,? > B > < C ｻ 8 ｫ‑ B 5 1 5 O? > N ｻ (ｫ 5 9 1 8 ｻ) 1 K; 8,? > A; > 2 0 < B 8: 0 @ C: A 0 B: 8 = A > = 0, ｫA < 5 H = 5 5, G 5 <? @ 0 2 8 B 5; L A B 2 >, = > = 5 >? 0 A = K ｻ. # A; > 6 = 5 = = 0 O 4 @ 0 < 0 B C @ 3 8 O M B > 3 > H > C? > 4 3 > B > 2 8; 0 5 @ H 2 *: @ 0 1 > B 5 = 0 4 5 3 > 2 5; 8 G 0 9 H 8 <? @ > 8 7 2 5 4 5 = 8 5 < = 0 @ > 4 = > 9 >? 5 @ ｫ > @ 3 8 8 5 A A ｻ.
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