N [en] 14-я буква англ. алфавита nail [neɪl] гвоздь; но́готь naked [ˈneɪkɪd] го́лый, наго́й name [neɪm] 1) n и́мя 2) v называ́ть
and his armies took control of many European countries, which then became part of his empire. His biggest failure was in 1812, when he unsuccessfully attacked Russia, and most of the men in his army died from cold and hunger on the way back to France. In 1815 he was finally defeated at the Battle of WATERLOO and was forced to spend the rest of his life on the island of St Helena. Napoleon also changed the way that France was organized, and established a new system of laws, called the 'Napoleonic Code', on which modern French law is based. He is often shown in pictures wearing military uniform, with one hand placed across his chest and inside his coat. narrow [ˈnærəʊ] у́зкий nasty [ˈnɑːsti] отврати́тельный, га́дкий; скве́рный; nasty weather скве́рная пого́да | nation [ˈneɪʃǝn] наро́д, на́ция national [ˈnæʃǝnəl] национа́льный native [ˈneɪtɪv] родно́й; приро́дный
Jesus’ mother MARY and her husband JOSEPH have to travel from NAZARETH to BETHLEHEM to be recorded in a CENSUS (=when all the people in a country are officially counted). There is ‘no room at the inn’ (=no rooms available for them to stay in), so they have to stay in a STABLE with the animals. Jesus is born there, and he is laid in a MANGER (=a container that animals eat from) instead of a bed. A bright star, known as the STAR OF BETHLEHEM, appears in the sky to show the way to the place where he was born. Some SHEPHERD s who are looking after their sheep in fields are told by an ANGEL to go and visit Jesus in the stable. THREE WISE MEN, who are kings in countries in the East, also follow the star and come to visit Jesus, bringing gifts of gold, FRANKINCENSE, and MYRRH. |
countries which give military help to each other. NATO was originally established after World War II for the defence of the west against the former Soviet Union. But the political changes of the 1990s led to new ideas about its purpose, and several former Communist countries of Eastern Europe are now planning to join. natural [ˈnætʃǝrəl] есте́ственный, приро́дный; натура́льный naturally [ˈnætʃǝrəli] есте́ственно nature [ˈneɪtʃəʳ] приро́да naughty [ˈnɔːti] капри́зный
Czechoslovakia, who is regarded as one of the best players ever. She won the women’s SINGLES competition at WIMBLEDON nine times, more than any other player, and the US Open four times. |
Adolf HITLER from 1921 and controlled the government from 1933 to 1945. The Nazis believed that the ‘Aryan’ people of northern Europe were the MASTER RACE, and that the Jewish race and other groups such as Gypsies (GIPSY), COMMUNIST s, and HOMOSEXUAL s were enemies and should be destroyed. The Nazis controlled through their secret police, the GESTAPO, and through the SS, special soldiers who were in charge of the CONCENTRATION CAMP s where millions of people were killed. near [nɪəʳ] 1) a бли́жний 2) adv бли́зко 3) prep во́зле, у, о́коло nearby [ˌnɪəˈbaɪ] бли́зкий, сосе́дний nearly [ˈnɪəli] почти́; о́коло neat [niːt] чи́стый, аккура́тный necessarily [ˈnesəsǝrəli] обяза́тельно, непреме́нно necessary [ˈnesəsǝri] необходи́мый neck [nek] ше́я need [niːd] 1) n необходи́мость, нужда 2) v нужда́ться (в чём-л.); быть до́лжным; must I go there? — No, you need not ну́жно ли мне туда́ идти́? — Нет, не ну́жно negative [ˈnegətɪv] отрица́тельный |
negotiate [nɪˈgəʊʃieɪt] вести́ перегово́ры, догова́риваться negotiation [nɪˌgəʊʃiˈeɪʃn] перегово́ры
He became India's first Prime Minister after its independence (1947-64), and he was the father of Indira GANDHI. neighbour [ˈneɪbəʳ] сосе́д(ка) neighbourhood [ˈneɪbəhʊd] окру́га; сосе́дство neither [ˈnaɪðəʳ] 1) pron ни оди́н 2) a ни тот ни друго́й 3) adv та́кже не; if you do not go, neither shall I е́сли вы не пойдёте, я то́же не пойду
He lost an arm and the sight in one eye during the wars against Napoleon, and he became very popular after winning several important battles at sea. His most | famous battle was the Battle of TRAFALGAR in 1805, in which he was killed. After his death, Trafalgar Square and Nelson’s Column were built to honour him.
south of China. Population: 26,494,504 (2011). Capital: Kathmandu. Nepal is popular with tourists who want to go walking and climbing in the mountains.
many others. He blamed the Christians for causing the great fire of Rome in AD 64 and many were killed. He also gave performances as an actor and musician, and is usually shown in pictures fiddling (=playing the VIOLIN) while Rome is on fire behind him. nerve [nɜːv] нерв nervous [ˈnɜːvəs] не́рвный net [net] 1) n сеть; се́тка 2) v лови́ть сетя́ми |
network [ˈnetwɜːk] сеть never [ˈnevəʳ] никогда́ nevertheless [ˌnevəðəˈles] одна́ко, несмотря́ на; тем не ме́нее new [njuː] но́вый newly [ˈnjuːli] неда́вно; вновь news [njuːz] n pl (употр. как sing) изве́стия; но́вость newspaper [ˈnjuːsˌpeɪpəʳ] газе́та
GRAVITY (=the force that causes things to fall towards the ground or to be pulled towards stars or planets in space). He made many other important scientific discoveries, and is considered to be one of the most important scientists who ever lived. Until the early 20th century, modern PHYSICS was based on Newton's work, and it is sometimes called Newtonian physics. He is often shown in pictures holding an apple, because there is a story that he discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell on his head while he was sitting under a tree.
and the South Island, and several | smaller ones, in the Pacific Ocean southeast of Australia. Population: 4,451,017 (2013). Capital: Wellington. It is known mainly for its farming, especially sheep. About 10% of the population are MAORI people, who first came to New Zealand around the 9th century AD, and who call the country Aotearoa. But most of the population are people who came from the UK in the 19th and 20th centuries. next [nekst] 1) a сле́дующий 2) adv в сле́дующий раз 3) prep ря́дом
the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, and south of Honduras and north of Costa Rica. Population: 6,100,000 (2012). Capital: Managua. Its main products are coffee, cotton, and sugar. In the 1980s there was a CIVIL WAR (=a war between groups of people from the same country) between the elected LEFT WING government, known as the Sandinistas, and a RIGHT WING group called the CONTRA s, who were given money, weapons, and military training by the US government. nice [naɪs] хоро́ший, прия́тный nicely [ˈnaɪsli] хорошо́ |
connected with the custom of giving gifts to children either at Christmas (in countries such as the UK and the US), or on the night before his SAINT’S DAY, December 6th (in some countries, such as the Netherlands). The imaginary character SANTA CLAUS is based on stories about him. He is also the PATRON SAINT of Russia.
1905 and eventually to the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION of 1917, in which he was forced to ABDICATE (=give up his position). He and his family were shot in 1918.
He is known especially for appearing as characters who are crazy or dangerous. |
170,123,740 (2012). Its capital is Abuja, and its largest city is Lagos. Nigeria became an independent state in 1960, after being ruled by the UK for almost 100 years. About half its population are Muslims, who live mainly in the north, and the rest are Christians, living mainly in the south. night [naɪt] ночь; ве́чер nil [nɪl] ноль (при счёте в игре) no [nəʊ] 1) adv нет 2) pron никако́й
no one [ˈnəʊwʌn] никто́ |
(=a large boat) so that he could save his family and two of every kind of animal that lived on the Earth from the terrible FLOOD which covered the Earth
factories that produced explosives. When he died, he left all his money to establish the NOBEL PRIZE s. They are given each year to people who have done important work in various types of activity. There are prizes for special achievements in PHYSICS, chemistry, economics, literature, and peace. nobody [ˈnəʊbədi] никто́ nod [nɒd] кива́ть голово́й (в знак согласия, приветствия и т.п.) noise [nɔɪz] шум noisy [ˈnɔɪzi] шу́мный none [nʌn] никто́, ничто́; ни оди́н nonsense [ˈnɒnsǝns] бессмы́слица nope [nəʊp] разг. нет nor [nɔːʳ] ни; neither... nor ни... ни normal [ˈnɔːml] норма́льный north [nɔːθ] се́вер |
States of America, as well as Mexico, Central America, Greenland, and other smaller islands northern [ˈnɔːðən] се́верный
People's Republic of Korea. Population: 24,554,000 (2011). Capital: Pyongyang. North Korea was formed in 1945 when Korea was divided into two countries (North and South Korea) by the US and the former Soviet Union. North Korean soldiers entered South Korea in 1950 in an attempt to unite the two countries, and this started the KOREAN WAR (1950-53). North Korea is one of the last countries in the world to keep a Communist system of government, and it is led by Kim Jong-un. Since the mid-1990s, North Korea has had serious problems with food production, and this has led to several shortages of food. |
Norway
| Norway is a country of northern Europe, in western Scandinavia. Population: 5,033,675 (2012). Capital: Oslo. Norway's industries include fishing, oil from the North Sea, and wood products from its large forests. It is known especially for its beautiful FJORD s (=narrow areas of sea between high cliffs). |
Ignoring Norway’s expressed neutrality during World War II, the Germans attacked Oslo and other cities. King Haakon and his government left for England. At the end of that world-changing war, the royal family returned and a new day began. In 1945 Norway joined NATO, huge deposits of oil and gas were discovered offshore in the late 1960s, and the country’s economic future was all but certain. |
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| Norway rejected joining the EU as its citizens and government remain hesitant and protective, and they refuse to lose their fishing rights and change their standard of living. In fact, Norway still has the highest standard of living in the modern world. Norway is sometimes called the ‘Land of the Vikings’. |
nose [nəʊz] нос
their influence on events) who wrote a book describing things that he believed would happen in the future. Some people believe that Nostradamus had special powers, and that his ideas about the future are correct. not [nɒt] не notably [ˈnəʊtəbli] осо́бенно; заме́тно note [nəʊt] 1) n за́пись; банкно́т; муз. но́та 2) v замеча́ть, отмеча́ть nothing [ˈnʌθɪŋ] ничто́, ничего́ notice [ˈnəʊtɪs] 1) n объявле́ние 2) v замеча́ть, обраща́ть внима́ние notion [ˈnəʊʃn] поня́тие; иде́я
beautiful GOTHIC building from the 12th century, and a popular place for tourists to visit novel [ˈnɒvǝl] рома́н now [naʊ] тепе́рь, сейча́с nowadays [ˈnaʊədeɪz] в на́ши дни nowhere [ˈnəʊweəʳ] нигде́; никуда́ nuclear [ˈnjuːkliəʳ] я́дерный | CULTURAL NOTE Many people worry about the risks connected with using nuclear power, and they oppose the building of new POWER STATION s. They worry about accidents such as those at THREE MILE ISLAND in 1979 and CHERNOBYL in 1986, and about safe ways of getting rid of RADIOACTIVE waste. They also worry that people living near nuclear power stations have a greater risk of getting some types of cancer. Some people feel that the governments and the nuclear industry do not always tell the truth about the dangerous effects that nuclear power has on people and the environment. nuisance [ˈnjuːsǝns] доса́да; надое́дливый челове́к number [ˈnʌmbəʳ] число́; но́мер numerous [ˈnjuːmǝrəs] многочи́сленный
and also a head covering. Nuns do not get married, thinking of themselves as being married to Jesus Christ, and they lead a very severe and demanding religious life, working and praying together, often also helping other people by nursing or teaching. nurse [nɜːs] медсестра́; ня́ня nut [nʌt] оре́х; тех. га́йка |
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