United Kingdom

U

U [juː] 21-я буква англ. алфавита

A country in east central Africa, between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Kenya.

Population: 35,873,253 (2012). Capital: Kampala. After Uganda became independent from the UK in 1962, the country experienced many economic and political problems, especially when Idi AMIN was its president. But since the mid-1980s, the situation has greatly improved.

ugly [ˈʌgli] уро́дливый, безобра́зный

A country in eastern Europe, between Poland and Russia. Population: 44,854,065 (2012).

Capital: Kiev. It was formerly part of the SOVIET UNION. Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe after Russia.

ultimate [ˈʌltɪmət] коне́чный; преде́льный

ultimately [ˈʌltɪmətli] в коне́чном счёте, в конце́ концо́в

CULTURAL NOTEThe UN was established in 1945 to make sure that there is peace in the world and that countries work together to deal with international problems. Its HEADQUARTERS are in New York City, but there are many other organizations that belong to the UN and are based in other places, such as the WORLD BANK and the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Decisions in the UN are made by the GENERAL ASSEMBLY and the SECURITY COUNCIL. unable [ʌnˈeɪbl] неспосо́бный; to be unable не быть в состоя́нии unbelievable [ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl] невероя́тный uncle [ˈʌŋkl] дя́дя

Uncle Sam first appeared in the 1800s, especially

on POSTER s asking people to join the army. He is usually shown pointing his finger and saying ‘Uncle Sam needs you!’ His TOP HAT and clothes are always decorated with the STARS AND STRIPES from the US flag. Political CARTOON s use his picture to represent the US, and newspapers often use the expression ‘Uncle Sam’ to mean the US government.

under [ˈʌndəʳ] 1) prep под, ни́же 2) adv вниз; внизу underneath [ˌʌndəˈniːθ] 1) adv вниз; внизу́; ни́же 2) prep под understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] v (understood) понима́ть understanding [ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ] понима́ние undertake [ˌʌndəˈteɪk] v (undertook; undertaken) предпринима́ть; брать на себя́ определённые обяза́тельства, фу́нкции и т.п. unemployed [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd] безрабо́тный unemployment [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt] безрабо́тица unfair [ˌʌnˈfeəʳ] несправедли́вый; пристра́стный; нече́стный unfortunate [ʌnˈfɔːtʃǝnət] неуда́чный; несчастли́вый unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtʃǝnətli] к несча́стью unhappy [ʌnˈhæpi] несчастли́вый; неуда́чный uniform [ˈjuːnɪfɔːm] фо́рменная оде́жда, фо́рма union [ˈjuːnɪən] объедине́ние; сою́з; профсою́з

The Union Jack is made up of three flags – the

crosses of St George, St Andrew, and St Patrick, which represent England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a country in Europe and Asia between 1917 and 1991.

It was the largest country in the world and was made up of 15 REPUBLIC s, the most important of which was Russia. The Soviet Union was formed after the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION as a Communist state, led by Lenin. For a long time it was one of the most powerful countries in the world, with a large army and many modern weapons, and it was regarded as the enemy of the US and western Europe during the COLD WAR. Its political system was controlled by the Communist Party. Ordinary people had little power and were not allowed to leave the USSR, although a small number of people DEFECT ed to the West. Mikhail GORBACHEV, who was President of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, introduced many political and economic changes and, partly as a result of this, the Soviet Union began to break up as many of the republics got rid of their Communist governments and made themselves independent.

unique [juːˈniːk] уника́льный

unit [ˈjuːnɪt] едини́ца; часть

united [jʊˈnaɪtɪd] соединённый

United Kingdom

The UK consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The UK and its empire fought in the First World War (1914-1918). When people in the UK think of the 1930s, they think of the Great Depression, when the economies of Europe, the US, and other countries failed. The UK fought Nazi Germany as one of the major Allied powers of World War II. German planes dropped bombs on British cities, especially London, and many buildings were destroyed.

Capital (and largest city)	London
Official language	English
Ethnic groups	white (92.1%), South Asian (4%), black, Chinese
Monarch	Queen Elizabeth II
Prime Minister	David Cameron
Area	243,610 km^2
Population	62,262,000 (2010)
Currency	pound sterling
Drives on	the left
Internet TLD	.uk
Calling code	+44

Many of the countries that made up the British Empire became independent during the 1950s, including India. In the 1960s Britain became a very fashionable place, especially Liverpool, the home of the Beatles, and London, where the most fashionable clothes were designed.

During the 1980s the UK was ruled by the right-wing government of Margaret Thatcher. In the 1990s people were more concerned about other people and the environment. Tony Blair and Diana, Princess of Wales, were very popular. English writers include Shakespeare, Byron, Walter Scott, Lewis Carroll, Arthur Conan Doyle, and Rudyard Kipling.

United States (1)

The United States of America is a country in North America, made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the capital is. Population: 315,033,000 (2012). Capital: Washington, D.C. The United States is the world's most important industrial nation, and one of its richest countries. With its powerful armed forces, it is the world's only real military "superpower".

Capital	Washington, D.C.
Largest city	New York City
Language	English
President	Barack Obama
Area	9,826,675 km^2
Population	315,033,000 (2012)
Currency	US dollar
Drives on	the right
Internet TLD	.us,.gov,.mil,.edu
Calling code	+1

Government in the US is divided between the federal government, which is based in Washington, D.C. and consists of the President and the Congress, and the state governments. The states have quite a lot of power to make their own laws and set their own taxes, and each state has its own state capital and law-making system.

United States (2)

The Native American people, who lived in the US before Europeans came, now form only about 1% of the population. The rest is made up mainly of people whose families were immigrants and of African-Americans whose families were originally brought to the US from Africa to work as slaves.

European immigrants, from places such as Britain, Ireland, Poland, Italy, and Scandinavia, came to the US mainly in the 19^th and early 20^th centuries. More recently, many Hispanic people have come to the US from places such as Puerto Rico and Mexico, and there have also been immigrants from Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China.

No stranger to wars, be them small or large, the US provided significant help in ending World War I; singlehandedly destroyed the Japanese Empire after they attacked the US at Pearl Harbor; defeated Adolph Hitler and the German Army in World War II, with the heroic assistance of the UK and other allied forces, including Russia.

Mistakes it has surely made, as segregation and much-needed civil rights for blacks, the Vietnam War fiasco, and the on-going war in Iraq are certainly some of its questionable decisions, however, today the US remains the planet's only true super power, and the major provider of financial aid and military assistance across this planet we all call home.

As the world's largest economy, it's a significant leader in the fields of agriculture, education, energy, health care, high-tech, service industries, space exploration, and manufacturing of all descriptions. The country includes 48 continental states, plus Alaska and Hawaii, the two newest states. Dozens of major cities cover the land from coast-to-coast, and Washington D.C., the

capital, reflects the incredible history of America, and stands as a proud symbol of its freedom, liberty, and justice for all.

unity [ˈjuːnɪti] еди́нство universal [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl] всео́бщий; всеми́рный; универса́льный universe [ˈjuːnɪvɜːs] вселе́нная university [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti] университе́т unknown [ˌʌnˈnəʊn] 1) a неизве́стный 2) adv та́йно, без ве́дома; he did it unknown to me он сде́лал э́то та́йно от меня́ или без моего́ ве́дома unless [ʌnˈles] е́сли не; пока́ не; I shall not go unless the weather is fine я не пое́ду, е́сли не бу́дет хоро́шей пого́ды unlike [ˌʌnˈlaɪk] в отли́чие от unlikely [ʌnˈlaɪkli] маловероя́тный CULTURAL NOTE The most common things that people in the UK and US consider to be unlucky are Friday the 13^th, walking under a ladder, and breaking a mirror. Every time a Friday is the thirteenth day of the month, people expect more accidents and problems to happen. Many people also avoid walking under a ladder that is leaning against a wall because they say it will bring them bad luck. People also say that you will have seven years of bad luck if you break a mirror. until [ʌnˈtɪl] 1) prep до 2) cj (до те́х по́р) пока́ (не); wait till I come подожди́, пока́ я приду́ unusual [ʌnˈjuːʒuǝl] необы́чный

up [ʌp] 1) adv наверху́; вы́ше; наве́рх, вверх 2) prep вверх по 3) a иду́щий, поднима́ющийся вверх upon [əˈpɒn] на upper [ˈʌpə] ве́рхний; вы́сший upset [ʌpˈset) v (upset) опроки́дывать(ся); расстра́ивать; огорча́ть upstairs [ˌʌpˈsteəz] вверх (по ле́стнице), наве́рх; наверху́ urban [ˈɜːbǝn] городско́й urge [ɜːdʒ] понужда́ть; побужда́ть urgent [ˈɜːdʒǝnt] настоя́тельный, сро́чный; кра́йне необходи́мый us [ʌs (полная форма); əs (редуцированная форма)] нам, нас use 1) n [juːs] употребле́ние; (ис) по́льзование; по́льза 2) v [juːz] употребля́ть, по́льзоваться used [juːzd] поде́ржанный, ста́рый used to [ˈjuːstǝ] привы́кший useful [ˈjuːsfǝl] поле́зный, приго́дный user [ˈjuːzəʳ] по́льзователь; потреби́тель usual [ˈjuːʒuǝl] обы́чный usually [ˈjuːʒuǝli] обы́чно

A country in central Asia between Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. Population:

29,559,100 (2012). Capital: Tashkent.

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