Syllabus
| Lecture 1: Terrorism: Defining Terrorism This lecture investigates the reasons underlying why certain groups, movements, and individuals are labeled as terrorists or freedom fighters. It compares and contrasts radical and reactionary ideological tendencies, as well as defines and investigates the characteristics of extremism. Terrorism is discussed at length by sampling official definitions, reviewing the American context, and summarizing several types of terrorism. Readers art introduced to several perspectives of terrorism that pose problems for definitional issues. | ||
| Lecture 2. Historical Perspectives and ideological Origins This lecture explores the historical and ideological origins of modern terrorism. Historical perspectives are discussed within the contexts of conceptual themes used throughout the book, Ideological foundations for modern terrorist violence are also discussed at some length. The causes of left-wing and right-wing terrorism are identified, as are the qualities of ideological violence. Because both ideological poles were inextricably entwined during the 20th century and adherents continue to be active in the 21st century, it is important for readers to grasp the importance of the ideologies of class struggle, national liberation, order, and race. This chapter also discusses regional examples of ideological terrorism. | ||
| Lecture 3. Causes of Terrorist Violence Students become familiar with central factors in the personal and group histories of individuals and groups who become associated with terrorism. The motives of extremists and several explanations of terrorism are explored, including acts of political will, sociological explanations, and psychological explanations. An important discussion probes the degree to which a fresh generation of new terrorists is being forged in reaction to how the West and its allies have conducted the post-September 11, 2001, war on terrorism. | ||
| Lecture 4. Terrorism by the State This lecture investigates state-initiated repression and terror. A detailed discussion explores terrorism as foreign policyand terrorism as domestic policy. Important examples of state terrorism include the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia and the link between Janjaweed fighters and the government in Sudan. | ||
| Lecture 5. Terrorism by Dissidents This lecture critically evaluates terrorism emanating from dissident movements. Several typologies and the morality of the New Terrorism are investigated. Finally,a detailed discussion explores antistate dissident terrorism and communal terrorism. Important examples include the modern use of child soldiers by extremists and Chechen terrorism against Russia. | ||
| Lecture 6. Religious Terrorism This lecture evaluates the historical and modern origins and quality of religious terrorism. The goal is to engender critical discussion on the subjectand to develop a contextual perspective for it. Because religious terrorism has become so prominent, it is important for readers to investigate different manifestations and to understand the contexts of regional case studies. | ||
| Lecture 7. International Terrorism This lecture discusses recent and historical examples of international terrorism, defines what is meant by international terrorism, and explores the reasons for terrorist spillovers. Both the phenomenon of international terrorist networks and the concept of stateless revolutionaries are discussed. In this regard, readers evaluate newly emerging threats from groups and networks that have adapted the Al Qaeda example as a model. | ||
| Lecture 8. Domestic Terrorism in the United States This lecture presents an overview of terrorism in postwar America. It probes the background to political violence and presents a detailed discussion of leftist and rightist terrorism in the United States. The chapter also evaluates international terrorism and prospects for violence from rightist, leftist, and religious extremists today. | ||
| Lecture 9. Terrorist Violence and the Role of the Media This lecture investigates and evaluates the centrality of the media and mass communications in the modern era of political violence. It first discusses the nature of mass communications and reporting within the context of terrorist environments. It also investigates the war of manipulation for favorable media coverage. In particular, readers assess the manipulationof information technologies and the media by modern terrorists. A discussion is also presented on the efficacy of regulating the media. | ||
| Lecture 10. Tactics and Targets of Terrorists This lecture investigates the methodology of terrorism. Terrorist objectives, methods, and targets are analyzed at length, as is the question of whether terrorism is effective. Recent data and examples identify new challenges in the new era of terrorism, including examples of the use of the Internet to post incidents and communiques. | ||
| Lecture 11. Counterterrorism and the War on Terrorism This lecture explores counterterrorist options and security measures. Several categories of responses are assessed: the use of force, repressive operations other than war, conciliatory operations other than war, and legalistic responses. Contemporary controversies, such as the status and treatment of captured suspects, are explored. | ||
| Lecture 12. Future Trends and Projections Students are challenged to critically assess trends and other factors that can be used to project the near future of terrorism. In particular, this chapter presents fresh discussions and data on the near-term projections for the future of terrorism. New issues and likely scenarios are offered for the near future of ideological terrorism, religious terrorism, international terrorism, political violence against women, and criminal terrorism. | ||
| Lecture 13.The roots of Islamic Radicalism. This lecture discusses the Jihadist movement in the context of contemporary terrorism. Guide of terminology. The ideological origins of radical Islamism. The birth of Islam and Prophet’s struggle. Ibn Tamiya and the origins of Salafism. | ||
| Lecture 14.The roots of Islamic Radicalism. This lecture discusses Ibn Wahab and the genesis of Saudi Arabian fundamentalism. Islamism’s Contribution to Arab Anti-colonialist Thinking and the evolution of Salafism. Emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood in colonial Egypt. First Palestinian Jihad in the 1930s. Rise of Radical Islamism on the Indian subcontinent. The Paradoxical influence on Sunni Jihadism of the Shiite “Ali Shari’ati”. The emergence of Broad-based fundamentalism movements. The Egyptian Jihadist movement. The Afghan netork: Arab Mujahideen join the anti-soviet Jihad. The Algerian Jihad and its consequences for Europe. | ||
| Lecture 15. Al Qaeda Al Qaeda’s strategy of Unification (1989-2001). Exile in Sudan and the creation of the “Solid base”. The “Solid base” and its Pivotal role in Afghanistan. Jihad against the United States. Al Qaeda’s strategy to attack the United States. A changed strategy since September 2001. Al Qaeda’s strategy at the down of the Third Millennium. Al Qaeda Franchises its activities after 2002. |
Seminars
| Seminar 1. Introduction. Main stages of the history of Terrorism. 1. Sources of the course. 2. Historiography of the course. | ||
| Seminar 2. Early History of Terrorism 1. Terrorism in Antiquity: 1st-14th century AD 2. Early origins of Terrorism: 14-18 th. Century. | ||
| Seminar 3. Tactics of terrorism 1. Bombings 2. Hijackings 3. Kidnappings and executions 4. Internet recruiting | ||
| Seminar 4. Anarchist terrorist of the nineteenth century 1. The emergence of the anarchist doctrine. What is anarchism? 2. Italian anarchists 3. Spanish terrorist anarchists 4. North American anarchist terrorists 5. French anarchist terrorists Seminar 5. Terrorism from 1968 to Radical Islam 1 1 1. A typology of terrorism 2. Terrorism and guerrilla warfare 3. European and Mediterranean movements and groups 4. Minority and religious movements 5. Religious terror | ||
| Seminar 6. Motivations and Islamic terrorism 1 Profiles 2 Ideology | ||
| Seminar 7. Views of Jihad of different Muslim groups 1 Sunni view 2 Sufic view 3 Ahmadiyya view 4 Interpretations of the Qur'an and Hadith 5 Criticism of Islamic terrorist ideology | ||
| Seminar 8. Identity-based Frameworks for Analyzing Islamist-based terrorism 1 Social Identity Theory Analysis of Islamist-based terrorism 2 Social Categorization Theory Seminar 9. The roots of Islamic Radicalism 1 1. The Jihadist movement in the context of contemporary terrorism 2. The ideological origins of radical Islamism 3. The Holy War against Crusaders 4. Ibn Tamiya and the Origins of Salafism Seminar 10. The roots of Islamic Radicalism 1 1. Ibn Wahab and the genesis of Saudi Arabian Fundamentalism 2. The Egyptian Jihadist Movement and the death of Pharaoh 3. The emergence of Jihadist groups 4. The Afghan network: Arab Mujahideen join the anti-Soviet Jihad 5. The Algerian Jihad and its consequences for Europe Seminar 11. Al Qaeda 1 1. Al Qaeda’s strategy of unification (1989-2001) 2. Al Qaeda’s Strategy to Attack the United States 3. A changed strategy since September 2001 Seminar 12. The future of the Islamist movement. 1 1. The growing power of local and independent Jihadist groups 2. NRBC Threats 3. Maritime terrorism 4. The quest for an alliance with Palestinian Islamism 5. The threat of an alliance with Shiite radicalism Seminar 13. The United States confronting terrorism 1 1. The New Left 2. The New Terrorists 3. Confronting international terrorism 4. September 11 and the US response | ||
| Seminar 14. Organizations and acts 1 Transnational 2 South Asia (Lashkar-e-Toiba,Jaish-e-Mohammed,Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen) 3 Afghanistan 4 United States 5 Al-Qaeda 6 Europe 7 Russia 8.Turkey 9. Iraq 10. Lebanon 11. Hezbollah | ||
| Seminar 15. Revision |
Schedule of Students Independent Work
| Type of task for IWS and its volume | Independent work | Period of implementation (weeks) | |
| Beginning | End | ||
| Annotation #1 (10-15 pages) | Chosen monograph | ||
| Research #2 Report (20-25 pages) | Chosen report from 1 tо 12 | ||
| Annotation #1 (10-15 pages) | Chosen monograph | ||
| Research #2 Report (20-25 pages) | Chosen report from 13 tо 25 |
Themes of Independent Work:
1: Terror and Tyrannicide in the Ancient World
2: Terror and Tyrannicide in the Middle Ages
3: Terror and Tyrannicide in the Early Modern Era in Europe
4: The Dawn of Revolutionary Terrorism
5: Russian Revolutionary Terrorism
6: The Era of the European Attentat
7: Labor, Anarchy, and Terror in America
8: White Supremacy and American Racial Terrorism
9: The Dawn of Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism
10: The Era of State Terror
11: Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism from the 1930s to the Early 1960s
12: Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism from the Late 1960s to the Present
13: The Era of Leftist and International Terrorism
14: The Rise of Jihadist Terrorism
15: Alternative Terrorisms
16: 9/11, the War on Terror, and Recent Trends in Terrorism
17. America from 2001 to 2006: The Threat of Terrorism and the Increase of Presidential Power
Reading
A. Mandatory
4. Carr, Matthew. The Infernal Machine: A History af Terrorism. New York: New Press, 2007. 5. Hamm, Mark S., ed. Hate Crime: International Perspectives on Causes and Control. Highland Heights, KY: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and Cincinnati, OH: Anderson, 1994.
6. Howard, Lawrence, ed. Terrorism: Roots, Impact, Responses. New York: Praeger, 1992.
7. Kassimeris, George, ed. Playing Politics With Terrorism: A User's Guide, Hurst:Columbia University Press,2007.
8. Laqueur, Walter. The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
9. Lawrence, Frederick M. Punishing Hate: Bias Crimes Under American Law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
10. Sederberg, Peter C. Terrorist Myths: Illusion, Rhetoric, and Reality. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall,1989.
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