Mixed Conditionals

Study the following information.

All types of conditionals can be mixed. Any tense combination is possible if the context permits it.

If-clause	Main clause
Type 2 If nobody paid the bill,	Type 1 the electricity will be cut off.
Type 2 If he had money,	Type 3 he would have bought her a gift
Type 3 If he had won the lottery,	Type 2 he wouldn’t be asking for money now.

1. Rewrite the sentences, as in the example.

1. He doesn’t know her. That’s why he didn’t speak to her. If he knew her, he would have spoken to her. 2. He lost his job. He’s unemployed now. ______________________ 3. His pet died. That’s why he’s unhappy now. ______________________ 4. She doesn’t have a mobile phone. That’s why she couldn’t be contacted yesterday. ________________________ 5. Tom didn’t see the boss earlier. He’s waiting for him now. ________________________ 6. He is allergic to seafood. That’s why he didn’t eat paella last night. ___________________________ 7. I lost my map. That’s why I’m asking for directions now. _______________________ 8. She doesn’t speak French. She didn’t have a good time in Paris. _________________________________ 9. He lost his wallet. He is unhappy now. ____________________________ 10. She didn’t go to the bank yesterday. That’s why she hasn’t got any money now. __________________________ 11. They went to a party last night. That’s why they are tired now. ________________________ 12. I crashed my car. That’s why I’m taking the bus today. ______________________________ 13. She didn’t do her homework yesterday. That’s why she is in trouble with her teacher. ____________________________________ 14. She is so disorganised. That’s why she missed the deadline._________________________15. The children were playing in the garden all day. That’s why they are dirty now. __________________________________. 16. He doesn’t take his job seriously. That’s why he was dismissed. _______________________________.

2. Translate into English. Use mixed conditionals.

1. Якби ви вчилися регулярно весь семестр, зараз ви б не боялися екзаменів. 2. Якби ми знали їх адресу, ми б повідомили їх про результати ще вчора. 3. Він не робив би стільки помилок зараз, якби не пропустив стільки занять. 4. Я б добре себе почував зараз, якби вчора прийняв ліки. 5. Ви б краще знали мову, якщо б влітку прочитали кілька англійських книг. 6. Якби ми попрацювали більше вчора, наша робота була б готова зараз. 7. Не будь він таким неуважним, він би не забув валізу в автобусі. Він весь час губить речі. 8. Якби ми відправили лист вчора, вони б отримали його сьогодні. 9. Якби ми не йшли так швидко, ми б не були такими втомленими зараз та могли б продовжувати свій шлях. 10. Якби я приніс свій словник, я міг би перекласти цей документ зараз. 11. Якби я не пішов до них вчора, той зараз би нічого не знав. 12. Якби у нього не було почуття гумору, він би образився.

WISHES

Study the following information.

We use the verb wish and the expression if only to express regret. If only is more emphatic than I wish.

· Wish / if only + past simple/past continuous: when we want to say that we would like something to be different in the present. E.g. I wish / If only I had a room of my own. (But I don’t have a room of my own.)

· Wish / if only + past perfect/past perfect continuous: to express regret that something happened or did not happen in the past. E.g. I wish I had got your message earlier. (But I didn’t get it earlier.) If only I had talked to him. (But I didn’t talk to him.)

· Wish / if only + would:

a) for a polite imperative e.g. I wish you would stop shouting. (Please, stop shouting.)

b) to express our wish for a change in a situation or someone’s behaviour because we are annoyed by it. E.g. I wish the wind would stop blowing. (wish for a change in a situation) If only John would stop insulting people. (wish for a change in someone’s behaviour)

· After the subject pronouns I and we, we use could instead of would. E.g. I wish we could go to the party.

1. Wendy has just started university. It isn’t what she expected, and she is disappointed. Read what she says and make sentences, as in the example.

Example: My room is so small. – I wish my room wasn’t / weren’t so small.

1. The classes start so early. 2. I have to share the bathroom. 3. The kitchen is such a mess. 4. The tutors are so strict. 5. The classes are so hard to understand. 6. The people are not friendly. 7. I can’t visit my family because they are so far away. 8. I don’t have any friends.

2. Write sentences with wish.

1. I don’t know many people (and I’m lonely). I wish _______________ 2. I don’t have a mobile phone (and I need one). I wish _________________ 3. Helen isn’t here (and I need to see her). I wish ________________ 4. It’s cold (and I hate cold weather). I ___________________ 5. I live in a big city (and I don’t like it). ____________________ 6. I can’t go to the party (and I’d like to). _____________________ 7. I have to work tomorrow (and I’d like to stay in bed). ____________________ 8. I don’t know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down). ___________________ 9. I’m not feeling well (and it’s not nice). ______________________

3. Jason has been for an interview. He didn’t get a job. Read what he says and make sentences, as in the example.

Example: I didn’t know much about the company. – I wish I had known more about the company.

1. I wasn’t wearing a suit. 2. I was nervous. 3. I didn’t shake hands with my interviewer. 4. I forgot what I wanted to say. 5. I didn’t answer the interviewer’s questions properly. 6. My letter of application was badly typed. 7. I spilt the cup of tea I was given.

4. Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish.

1. You’ve eaten too much and now you feel sick. You say: I wish I ______________ 2. There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think your decision was wrong. You say: I wish _________________ 3. When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this. You say: I wish __________________ 4. You have painted the gate red. Now you think that red was the wrong colour. You say: ___________________ 5. You are walking in the country. You’d like to take some photographs, but you didn’t bring the camera. You say: ______________________ 6. You have some unexpected quests. They didn’t phone first to say that they were coming. You are very busy and you are not prepared for them You say: _______________________

5. Elise is a famous singer. These are some of the things she finds annoying. Read what she says and make sentences, as in the example.

Example: People stare at me everywhere I go. – I wish people wouldn’t stare at me everywhere I go.

1. Paparazzi follow me everywhere. ___________________ 2. People ask me to sing at parties. ______________________ 3. Magazines print false stories about my private life. ______________________ 4. Photographers take photos of me all the time. ________________ 5. People make me sign autographs wherever I go. ________________________ 6. People never give me any privacy. _________________

6. Put the verb in the correct form.

1. It was a stupid thing to say. I wish I ___________ (not/say) it. 2. I’m fed up with this rain. I wish it __________ (stop). 3. It’s a difficult question. I wish I ___________ (know) the answer. 4. I should have listened to you. I wish I ___________ (take) your advice. 5. You’re lucky to be going away. I wish I _________ (can/go) with you. 6. I have no energy at the moment. I wish I __________ (not / be) so tired. 7. It would be nice to stay here longer. I wish we _________ (not / have) to leave now. 8. Aren’t they ready yet? I wish they ________ (hurry) up. 9. ‘When you were in London last year, you didn’t have time to see all the things you wanted to see.’ – ‘I wish I __________ (can / stay) longer.’ 10. It’s freezing today. I wish it __________ (not / be) so cold. I hate cold weather. 11. Joe still doesn’t know what she wants to do. I wish she __________(be) a doctor. 12. I really didn’t enjoy the party. I wish I __________(not / go).

10. Translate into English.

1. Жаль (Шкода), що тебе зараз немає. 2. Я б хотів, щоб вона не була такою сором’язливою. 3. Жаль, що ви покарали хлопчика. 4. Жаль, що він такий байдужий до спорту. 5. Було б добре, якби дощ скінчився. 6. Жаль, що ви не оцінили його досвіду. 7. Як жаль, що ви розчарувалися в цьому методі. 8. Жаль, що ви не прийняли цієї пропозиції. Вона видається цілком розумною. 9. Я б хотів, щоб ви змогли переконати свою сестру, що вона не права. 10. Жаль, що експеримент закінчився невдачею. Його, напевно, погано підготували.

11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1. A: I wish I ___________ (play) a musical instrument. B: You should take lessons. 2. A: If only the wind ____________ (stop) blowing hard. B: Yes, it’s very windy today, isn’t it? 3. A: I wish John __________ (come) with us. B: So do I. He would have really enjoyed it. 4. A: I wish you __________ (stop) making so much noise. B: Sorry, I’ll try. 5. I wish I _________ (study) more when I was at collage. B: It doesn’t matter now. You’ve got a good job. 6. A: I wish I ____________ (not/ speak) to Jane like that. B: Don’t worry. I’m sure she’ll forgive you. 7. A: I wish I _________ (be) young again. B: So do I. We had some good times back then. 8. A: If only Bob __________ (call) me. B: Well, he promised to call today. 9. A: I’m exhausted. I wish I __________ (do) some of the housework yesterday. B: Sorry, I wasn’t here to help you. 10. A: I wish you __________ (make) less noise when you come in. B: It’s not my fault. The door squeaks when you open it. 11. A: Are you going to your school reunion party next week? B: No, I wish I ___________ (go) because I would like to see everyone again.

UNREAL PAST

The Past Simple can be used to talk about imaginary, unreal or improbable situations in the present and Past Perfect can be used to talk about imaginary, unreal or improbable situations in the past. This is called Unreal Past. Unreal past is used as follows:

Past Simple

Past Perfect

Conditionals Type 2(unreal in the present) If I were you, I would leave now. Wish(present) I wish she worked more efficiently. I’d rather/sooner….(present) I’d rather you left the files here, please. Suppose/supposing Suppose you won the lottery, what would you buy? As if/ as though ….. (untrue situation in the present) He acts as if he were a genius. It’s (about/high) time… It’s about time you learnt to drive.

Conditionals Type3(unreal in the past) If I had known before, I wouldn’t have come. Wish (past) If only he hadn’t lied to me. I’d rather/sooner….(past) I’d rather you had not spoken like that yesterday. Suppose/supposing Suppose she hadn’t reminded you, would you have remembered? As if/ as though ….. (untrue situation in the past) She looked at me as if she had never seen me before.

1. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. Suppose they __________ (not/turn up) to meet you, what would you have done? 2. If only I _____________ (not eat) last night. 3. If she ___________ (tell) me it was a secret, I wouldn’t have told anyone. 4. Suppose you ____________ (miss) your connection, how would you have got home? 5. Suppose he ____________ (catch) you smoking, what would you do? 6. If you _________ (stop) complaining, we would be able to get some work done today. 7. If only I ____________ (not/stay) so late last night. 8. It’s high time you___________ (take) some responsibility for your actions. 9. Supposing you __________(fail) your exams, what would you have done? 10. It’s time you__________ (light) the fire – it’s getting cold. 11. She spends money as if she __________ (have) loads of it, but I know she is in debt. 12. If we __________ (install) a burglar alarm, this wouldn’t have happened. 13. I’d rather we __________ (go) home now. 14. I wish she ___________ (study) harder instead of watching TV. 15. I’d rather she _________ (not/wear) my dress last night. She’s ruined it. 16. I’d rather we _____________ (leave) now.

2. Underline the correct tense.

1. It’s about time she learnt / had learnt how to cook. 2. I d rather you didn’t touch / had not touch my favourite vase. You may break it. 3. If she heard / had heard the news, she would have called us by now. 4. They would have opened the door if they knew / had known who was there. 5. It’s high time they made / had made some changes. 6. I wish I saved / had saved some money last month. 7. Ben would have taken up sport if he realised / had realised how much fun it was. 8. Tom speaks to everyone as if he knew / had known everything. 9. He would rather you didn’t open / hadn’t opened the letter. He wanted to do it by himself. 10. Suppose you met / had met him, what would you say to him? 11. If only he called / had called me last night, we could have gone out. 12. I’d rather Mary spent / had spent the night with us. It’s snowing too heavily for her to drive home. 13. If you knew / had known what she did yesterday, you would be very surprised. 14. Supposing she were seen / had been seen leaving early, what would have happened?

6. Choose the correct answer.

1. If you had got up earlier, you ….. the bus. a) wouldn’t miss; b) wouldn’t have missed; c) won’t miss

2.... I you, I would look for a new job. a) Were; b) Would be; c) Had been

3. If she ….. her umbrella, she wouldn’t have got wet. a) take; b) had taken; c) would take

4. ‘Let’s go to the supermarket tonight.’ – ‘…… go tonight. I’m very tired.

a) I’d rather not; b) I’d rather I don’t; c) I’d rather I didn’t

5. … you study hard, you will pass your exams. a) Suppose; b) Providing; c) Unless

6. ‘I’ve got a terrible headache.’ – ‘You’d better….. an aspirin.’ a) to take; b) take; c) taking

7. ‘I wish I had more money.’ – ‘Then it’s about time you …. spending everything you earn.’

a) will stop; b) stopped; c) stop

8. ‘I’ve lost my keys again.’ – ‘If you had put them on the table, you …… them.’

a) wouldn’t have lost; b) won’t lose; c) didn’t lose

9. If I finish work early tomorrow, I ….. go to the cinema. a) would; b) might; c) should

10. ‘I’ve just passed my driving test.’ – ‘Congratulations. I wish I …. drive a car.’

a) will; b) could; c) can

11. If I won the lottery, I ….. whatever I want. a) will buy; b) can buy; c) could buy

12. ‘Let’s have a party this weekend.’ – ‘I’d rather we ….. it this weekend.’

a) didn’t have; b) don’t have; c) haven’t

13. If he were more polite, he ….. more popular. a) will be; b) would be; c) can be

14. You won’t get promoted unless you ….. hard. a) don’t work; b) won’t work; c) work;

15. … asked, I would have helped. a) Were I; b) Had I been; c) Should I be

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