Peculiarities of telephoning

1. First of all, some proper names are present in the call: names of the people and names of the companies. Both names are v. important for telephoning in business.

2. Recurrent usage of phrasal verbs:

- pick up - answer

- call back - return the call

- put through - connect

- cut off - disconnect

- get through - reach

- hold on - wait

- put on - ask smb to come to the phone. 3. Special discourse patterns:

- Name of the Company + Greeting (e.g. CPA Corporation. Good morning.)

- Name + Relevant Information (e.g. This is John Bush of Lion Computer/ Michael Brown from Hamburg)

- Introducing yourself + Saying why you're calling (This is... I'm calling about the meeting).

- Asking if someone is in + Person wanted is not there + When will the person wanted be in? (e.g. - Can I speak to Mr. Brown, please?

- I'm afraid he isn't in at the moment.

- What time could I reach him)

Socializing is different from Telephoning in that people involved in communication face each other.

To socialize means to spend time with other people in a friendly way, to train someone to behave in a way that is acceptable in the society they are living in.

While socializing in English, people have to follow the conversations shared by English-speaking cultures.

1. One of the important rules is to be polite («Сап I have a newspaper, please?» instead of «Give me a newspaper))).

2. Tentativeness (We were wondering whether you'd like to come to dinner next week).

British English welcomes the use of the expressions: «Well, actually...)), «Well, to be honest)), «Well, to tell the truth...)) to soften what they are going to say, especially if it's something negative or unusual. Let's specify when the Socializing takes place. Ellis O'Driscoll suggests the following list of situations:

- Introductions

- Greetings

- Concluding a conversation

- Inviting

- Thanking and showing appreciation

- Offering and requesting

- The first 5 minutes

The recurrent patterns in socializing:

1. The pattern for Identification. It consists of: Name + Relevant Information (Hello, I'm David Spenser from London).

2. Introducing other people follows the same pattern: Name + Relevant Information (I'd like to meet John Benny. He's with Chicago Consulting Group).

3. Daily greetings also require a pattern: Greeting + Follow-up inquiry + Reply (Hello, how are you? - Not too bad) or Greeting + Specific inquiry + Reply (Hello. How did the meeting go? - Very well).

4. Ending a conversation requires an indication of one's intent to conclude the conversation: Indicating your intent + Explanation (I really must be going. They are calling my flight).

5. Saying goodbye also presupposes a pattern: Saying goodbye + Comment (Goodbye. I hope the meeting goes well. I'll look forward to seeing you when you're next in London).

6. The pattern for Accepting invitations is: Thanking + Accepting (Thank you very much. That would be v. nice. I'd love to come).

7. Declining invitations: Thanking + Declining + Reason (Thank you for inviting me. But I'm afraid I can't come. I've already arranged something else). (Thank you v. m. But unfortunately, I won't be here tomorrow).

One of the rules of effective Socializing is to keep the conversation going. There are various conversational techniques. Questions and answers are core elements of natural conversations.

Here are some highly reproductive question-answer patterns:

1. Question - single statement answer (e.g. Will they mind if I smoke? - Yes, Г think, they will.)

2. Question - multiple statement answer (Did anybody ring while I was out? - Yes. There was a call actually. I've left a message on your desk).

3. Question deduced from an answer (I hate all this travelling on business, don't you? - Yes and no. I like seeing different countries. - Have you visited many countries so far?)

4. Question - answer + question (What do you do when you are not working? - Golf. I'm-a fanatic! 4 rounds most weekends. What about you?)

The 4 types illustrated above have one thing in common. They all adhere to a certain structural principle - a brief answer is followed by a comment or a piece of additional information. Comments and additional information build up the conversation. Their presence transforms a mere question - answer exchange into a meaningful sample of human communication.

Here's an example of extended conversation between 2 businessmen:

- Asks a general question about something

- Answers and adds a comment

- Reacts. Adds information

- Makes a comment. Asks another question

- Answers. Adds information

- Reacts. Adds information

These are the building blocks that constitute the flow of the conversation.

The use of recurrent discourse patterns in suitable contexts of business communication makes one's English more idiomatic and therefore more effective. Effective communication in business situations builds better interpersonal/intercultural relationships and yields tangible results.

Communicative etiquette behaviour

It is the behaviour that follows socially, culturally, historically, & traditionally established communication patterns of behaviour in standard situations of huma communication & interaction.

It includes verbal components (speech formulae, cliches, definite choice of

vocabulary units (words & set phrases), definite choice of grammatical structures and non

- verbal components or paralinguistic.

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