The functional derivatives of hydrocarbons. Bases of structure and reactionary ability.

Acidity and basidity of organic compounds. Reactionary ability of spirits, phenols, thioles and amines. The theory of Brensted. Conjugate acids and bases. The hydrogen bond as specific manifestation acid-base properties.

Nucleophylic substitution reaction of sp³-hybridization carbon atom: heterolytic reaction, conditioning of polarization sigma-bond of carbon-heteroatom (halogen derivatives, spirits).

Alkylation’s reaction of alcohols, phenols, thioles, ammonium and amines. The role of acid catalysis in nucleophylic substitution of hydroxyl groups. Alkylation’s reagents (halogen derivatives, spirits, ethers of phosphoric acid, alkylsulphonic compounds). Desamination of compounds with primary aminogroups.

Biological role of alkylation’s reaction.

Polyatomic alcohols: ethylene-glycol, glycerine. Formation of helat complex as qualitative reaction on α-diol fragment. Complex ester of spirits with inorganic acids (nitro-glycerine, phosphate of glycerine).

Diatomic phenols: hydrochinone, resorcine, pyrocatechine. Oxidation of diatomic phenols. System of hydrochinone-chinone, antioxidants.

Oxidation reaction of spirits, thiols, sulphides, carbonyl compounds, amines. Reduction reaction of carbonyl compounds, imines, disulphides.

Peroxide oxidation of fragments of fatty acids in celluar membrane.β- oxidation saturated fatty acid.

Aldehydsand ketones. Nucleophilic addition reaction of sp²-hybridization carbon atom: heterolytic reaction with participation Pi-bond of C-O (aldehydes, ketones). Reaction of carbonyl compounds with water, spirits, thioles, primary amines. The influence of electronic and spatial factors, role of acid catalysis; irreversible nucleophylic addition reaction. Hydrolysis of acetals and imines.

Aldol addition reaction. The main catalysis. Structure of enolyt-ion. Aldol fission as inverse by aldol addition. Biological significance of these processes.

Carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Nucleophilic addition reaction of sp²-hybridization carbon atom (carboxylic acid and its functional derivatives). The acylation reaction is formation of anhydrites, complex esters, complex thioesters, amides.

Acylation agents (halogen anhydrites, anhydrites, carboxylic acid, complex esters, complex thioesters), the comparative activity these reagents. Acylphosphate and acylenzymes A-a natural macro energy acylation reagents. The biological role acylation reaction.

The notion about nucleophylic substitution of phosphor atom, reaction of phospholation.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14