Notes to the Text

Peer – 1. A person who is of equal status, rank, or character with another. 2. A member of the British nobility (such as a duchess, marquis, earl, viscount, or baroness).

Peeress – 1. A female peer. 2. The wife of a peer.

Peerage – 1. All the British peers considered as a group. 2. [countable] The rank of a British peer.

Task I. Use the following expressions to describe the membership and functions of the House of Lords:

complement the work of the other House enable examine

raise issues retire as judges the total number

Task II. Look upthe following concepts in GLOSSARY or law dictionaries and say who may carry out those actions:

examine and pass legislation, revise legislation, initiate legislation, scrutinise legislation, disclaim the peerage.

Task III. a)Use HOLD and its derivatives in the following sentences; b) translate the sentences:

Holder, upholding, holder, withhold, holder, withhold, holder, holding, holder, withhold, holders, to hold, holding, holder, hold, holder, holdings, holder, hold, holders, held, holder

1. Deliberative-process privilege is a privilege permitting the government to … documents relating to policy formulation to encourage open and independent discussion among those who develop government policy.

2. Picketing is the demonstration by one or more persons outside a business or organization to protest the entity's activities or policies and to pressure the entity to meet the protesters' demands, especially an employees' demonstration aimed at publicizing a labor dispute and influencing the public to … business from the employer.

3. Officer of the court is a person who is charged with … the law and administering the judicial system. Typically, officer of the court refers to a judge, clerk, bailiff, sheriff, or the like, but the term also applies to a lawyer, who is obliged to obey court rules and who owes a duty of candor to the court.

4. Nondisclosure agreement is a contract or contractual provision containing a person's promise not to disclose any information shared by or discovered from a trade-secret …, including all information about trade secrets, procedures, or other internal or proprietary matters.

5. Mortgagee is one to whom property is mortgaged – the mortgage creditor, or lender, also termed mortgage-….

6. Lien-… is a person having or owning a lien presumption of validity. In patent law there is a doctrine that the … of a patent is entitled to a statutory presumption that the patent is valid and that the burden is on a challenger to prove invalidity.

7. Although it might seem helpful to distinguish a patentee as a person to whom a patent is issued and a patent-… as the owner of a patent, including the original grantee's assigns, the Patent Act explicitly includes all title-… under the term "patentee."

8. Policy… is one who owns an insurance policy, regardless of whether that person is the insured party.

9. Premises liability is a landowner's or land…'s tort liability for conditions or activities on the premises.

10. Liquidation preference is a preferred share…'s right, once the corporation is liquidated, to receive a specified distribution before common share… receive anything.

11. Possession is the fact of having or … property in one's power, in other words, the exercise of dominion over property.

12. A copyright …'s exclusive right to recite, play, act, show, or otherwise render the protected work publicly, whether directly or by technological means (as by broadcasting the work on television).

13. Courts sometimes apply common law principles to “pierce the corporate veil” and … shareholders personally liable for corporate debts or obligations.

14. Superprecedent is a precedent that defines the law and its requirements so effectively that it prevents divergent … in later legal decisions on similar facts or induces disputants to settle their claims without litigation.

15. Members of the House of Commons … their seats until Parliament is dissolved (a maximum of five years after the preceding election).

16. An MP who wishes to resign has to go through the process of applying for a paid office of the Crown, which automatically disqualifies the MP from … a seat in the House of Commons.

17. If a person stands down as an MP a by-election is … in that constituency alone to find a new MP for that area.

18. The Committee may … its approval to a particular nomination on the grounds of propriety, but in practice only about 1 per cent of nominations are challenged (although the very existence of the Committee does presumably serve to inhibit potential abuse).

19. One of Parliament’s prime functions is … the Government to account.

Task IV. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:

It is second... the House of Commons in the number of days, a check … government, directed … the government, … set days, organised … on a party basis, no limit … the total number, subdivided … different groups, … the recommendation, to appoint … the lifetime, to pass the title … … the children, … the advice, barred … sitting in the House, get life peerage … retirement, to preside … business, to call … members to speak, to call … order

Task V. Read and discuss the article:

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