Is it easy to decommission NPP?

In here the most interesting begins. It appears, that the NPP that served its time or “retired” before appointed time, it is impossible simply to switch off and forget as it can be made with thermal plant. The NPP even after decommissioning remains extremely hazardous radioactive object. And it claims special attention to itself and serious service. The maintenance staff keeps on work there, the NPP needs heating and electricity. Almost everything, as well as at operation, only the no more benefit, and lots of harm. And it will lasts for many years.

To the present time technological aspects of NPP decommissioning, especially, financial issues, connected with realization of these works, are not decided. In the special report of IAEA (see [17] page 40) are scored, that “some countries start to use a method of a long-term storage - but not disposals - on the territory of NPP of radioactive waste. The report provides the delay in decision-making about final waste disposal in order to get public support. However, the given approach can require more detailed consideration of normative and technical aspects”. That means that territories of NPPs can become unorganised cemeteries of radioactive waste with unpredictable consequences.

Alas, one of such cemeteries already for many years is the territory of the Institute of problems of energetic in the urban settlement Sosny, near Minsk where after decommission of development reactor till now prolong to remain deposited fuel cells. At the same time, it is known, that stopped, but not demounted NPP with not disposed radioactive waste, that is the NPP-CEMETERY, represents the hazardous object menacing with the radioactive contamination of the environment. The maintenance staff keeps on work there, the NPP needs to consume tremendous amount of electricity in order to maintenance it in the safe condition.

In the world are known only two examples of dismantle of reactor units in the USA and in the Great Britain. Cost of NPP decommission, in dependence on degree of the disassembly, the decontamination and the other works, is comparable to the price of NPP construction. So, for example, dismantle of NPP with capacity of only 250 MW Dounreay PFR (Great Britain) has costed about 2 billion pounds sterling (more than 3 billion US dollars).

Rather typical in the considered aspect was the application made in the official IAEA report (see [17], page 40.): “As structures for disposal became more and more perfect, charges on disposals apparently increased and become to influence hardly on the total price of production of the electric power on NPP”.

In some countries it is legalized already, that NPP owners are obliged to make deductions in the funds intended for the purposes of decommission of plants that has made problematic receiving of the stipulated profit and consequently in all these countries construction of NPPs is terminated.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14