Должно быть, вероятно

I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had happened

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Set-phrase OUGTH TO: He ought to know – уж он-то знает!

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3. Emotional coloring:

1. special emphatic constructions, where a simple predicative is not used:

a> Rhetorical questions why …?

Why should I do it?

b> Object clauses why …?

I don’t see why we shouldn’t make friends.

c> attributive clauses … reason why …

I don’t see any reason why we shouldn’t be happy.

d> constructions of the following kind:

The door opened and who should come in but Tom –

Дверь открылась, и кто бы вы думали вошел? Никто иной, как Том

e> In the set-phrase How should I know? – Почем я знаю?

2. in certain types of subordinate clauses where should+inf is interchangeable with a simple predicate in the Indicative Mood

a> in object clauses after expressions of regret, surprise, sometimes pleasure and displeasure

I’m sorry that you should think so badly of me –

Жаль, что вы так плохо обо мне думаете

ST is not observed.

b> in object clauses following the principal clause with a formal <it> as subject

It’s absurd that such things should happen to a family like theirs

c> in constructions of the following kind:

That it should come to this – И до чего дошло дело

To think that it should come to this! – Только подумать, до чего дошло дело!

To think that it should have happened to me! –

Только подумать, что это произошло со мной!

Will/Would

Will=Would – parallel use

1) permanent actuons, habitual or recurrent actions

e.g. She will swimm (она любит плавать, обычно плавает)

used to do = would

e.g. She would swimm a lot (она любила плавать, обычно плавала)

2 ) refusal to perform an action will/would + simple inf. (никак не хочу,ни за что не хотел)

e.g. She won′t go with us./She wouldn′t go with us.

3) a thing fails to perform its function will/would + simple inf.(никак не пишет(не писала)

e.g. My pen won′t (wouldn′t) write.

4) will, intention, determination

would- reported speech

e.g. I said I would do anything for him.

will – the future

e.g. I will make money.

5) willingness, consent would – more polite form (пожалуйста)

e.g. Will you dine with me tomorrow, Peter?

“Won′t you sit down?” said the doctor.

You′ll forgive me, won′t you?

“Would you do it?” she asked eagerly.

6) if-clauses (willingness, consent) will/would + simple inf.

e.g. If she will help me, I will be happy.

would – unreality (бы)

e.g. If she would help me, I would be happy.

Will ≠ Would is not parallel

Supposition

will+ simple inf.

e.g. This will be the school. – Это, должно быть, и есть школа.

will + perfect inf.

e.g. You will have heard her. – Ты, должно быть, слышал ее.

2) would – smth. was to be expected (чего и следовало ожидать)

e.g. She came late. – She would (wouldn′t)

Set phrases

3)Boys will be boys. (Мальчишки остаются мальчишками)

Accidents will happen. (Без несчастных случаев дело не обходится)

4) I won′t have you speak to me like that.(Я не допущу (не позволю),чтобы…)

5) would rather (′d rather) / would sooner (′d sooner) = prefer

e.g. He would rather/sooner die than marry her.(Он скорее умрет, чем женится на ней)

6) Would…mind = object

e.g. Would you mind my smoking?

I wouldn′t mind your smoking.

NEED.

1. as defective verb has only 1 form which is the Present Tense. In reported speech it remains unchanged. Followed by inf without to

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