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(Прошедшее совершённое время)
Compiled by Dzgoyeva T.A.
Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола – to have – в Past Simple (had) и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола (третья форма глагола).
I had seen it. The train had left. They had arrived.
Вспомогательный глагол had используется при образовании отрицательной и вопросительной форм.
Had you seen it? Had the train left? They hadn’t arrived.
1. Past Perfect употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определённого момента в прошлом. Момент, до которого завершилось действие в Past Perfect,
а) может быть выражен обстоятельством времени (- by 7 o'clock, by Sunday, by the first of March, by the end of the week, by that time).
We had done the project by April.
b) другим действием в прошлом (с союзами after, before, when, …).
They had spent all their savings before their son left school.
2. Past Perfect употребляется с глаголами, не имеющими формы продолженного времени, для выражения действия, которое началось до определённого момента в прошлом и всё ещё было в процессе в этот момент.
He realized that he had been in love with her for a long time.
3. В сложноподчинённых предложениях с придаточными времени, вводимыми союзами: scarcely … when, hardly … when, no sooner … than (не успел … как, едва … как)
Обратите внимание на порядок слов: глагол had иногда предшествует подлежащему.
Hardly had the children got out of the house, when they saw a stranger in the yard.
4. Past Perfect также используется в косвенной речи:
Ann added she had been to London twice.
Exercises:
I. Say that somebody had already done the thing he/she was asked to.
Example: My mother asked me to clean the carpet, but … - My mother asked me to clean the carpet but I had already cleaned it.
1. Mrs. Green asked Andy to pick up her little son from the nursery school, but …
2. James recommended his friend to spend all the money saved on buying a PC but …
3. Jack advised Max to help himself to a glass of wine to calm himself down but …
4. I asked Billy to buy some new batteries for my radio but …
5. The receptionist at the hotel asked Mrs. Barker to fill in an arrival card but …
6. Nick advised Harry to complain to his neighbour about the noise her little children are making at night but …
7. She advised me to contact the Dean but …
8. The secretary told Bob to pay his exam enrolment fee but …
9. I recommended Kelly to apply for a job but …
10. Mr. Frettwood told his secretary to reply to the letters but …
11. We wanted our partners to confirm their arrival but …
12. They advised me to explore the possibilities for setting up an affiliate in that country but …
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| Ex 1. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets as in the example. | | | C) Complete the sentences by putting the verb into the past perfect. |