Copper Metals

Area of Application	Example	Necessary Properties
Medical Engineering	...	biostatic, corrosion-resistant
...

b) Compare your results. Which group has the longest list?

II. Translate the passage into Russian. Use the dictionary if necessary.

Aluminium bronze is among the most varied and metallurgically interesting copper alloys. This metal is the first choice - and some­times the only logical choice - for demanding applications owing to the exceptional mechanical and chemical qualities it offers, such as great strength, high hardness, excellent corrosion resistance (espe­cially in seawater and similar environments), wear resistance and superior bearing qualities as well as favourable castability, machin-ability, ductability and nonmagnetic behaviour.

Evidently, all these properties are best applied where other materials can fail too soon or will be more expensive. Aluminium bronzes find widespread applications in petrochemical plants; power generation, aircraft, automotive, railway and marine engineering; in iron and steel making, electrical manufacturing and building industries. Section B. Steel

Section B. Steel

Lead-in

I. Discuss the following questions.

a) What is steel? Can you name the constituents of this alloy?

b) Is steel widely used for engineering purposes? List all possible applications of steel.

II. Andrew has his practice at the steel works. Listen to his conversation
with Alice and name the types and properties of steels that are men­
tioned by the students.

Alice: Hi, Andrew, where are you going in such a hurry?

Andrew: Oh, you see, I may not be late today. We are going to the Steel works.

Alice: Really? What will you do there?

Andrew: I don't know yet. Maybe this time we will be allowed to observe how iron is melted, purified and alloyed with other elements and steel is produced.

Alice: Have you been to this works before?

Andrew: Yes, last time we were allowed to work with carbon steels and alloy steels so we could study their properties.

Alice: And what have you found out?

Andrew: Well,many things. Do you know that the hardest, tough­est, strongest and most valuable steel is tool steel?

Alice: I do now. Maybe you will be able to explain to me why stainless steel doesn't rust? I'm really interested.

Andrew: This is easy. Various alloying elements may be added to the base steel, which greatly improves its properties. Steel may be made corrosion-resistant if chromium is added.

Alice: I see... Well, see you tomorrow.

Andrew: OK. Bye-bye, then.

III. That’s how we ask for and give permission in English

ASKING PERMISSION	GIVING PERMISSION
Can (may, could)...?	You can/may if you want/like.
Is it all right if...?	Yes, of course.
Do you mind if... + present simple?	Certainly.
Would you mind if... + past simple?	Go ahead.
	By all means.

IV. Complete the dialogues using the phrases for asking and giving permission.

a) -...I have my practice at the British Steel works?

-…

b) -...Iobserve the steel making process?

-…

c) -...we study the properties of various types of steels today?

-.... Later we'll discuss....

d) - What have you learnt...?

- Well, steels... be classified... types.

- OK, and... the main properties of steels?

- Let's see. Steels are.... Different... added to the base steel. This... its properties a lot.

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