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The Present Perfect...................................................................... 116
§ 17. The formation of the Present Perfect.............................................................. 116
§ 18. The use of the Present Perfect.......................................................................... 117
§ 19. The Past Indefinite and the Present Perfect................................................... 120
The Past Perfect........................................................................... 121
§ 20. The formation of the Past Perfect.................................................................... 121
§ 21. The use of the Past Perfect............................................................................... 122
§ 22. The Past Indefinite and the Past Perfect......................................................... 124
The Future Perfect....................................................................... 124
§ 23. The formation of the Future Perfect................................................................ 124
§ 24. The use of the Future Perfect........................................................................... 125
The Future Perfect in the Past....................................................... 126
§ 25. The formation of the Future Perfect in the Past............................................ 126
§ 26. The use of the Future Perfect in the Past........................................................ 127
The Perfect Continuous form..................................................................... 127
The Present Perfect Continuous.................................................... 127
§ 27. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous......................................... 127
§ 28. The use of the Present Perfect Continuous.................................................... 128
§ 29. The Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive and the Present
Continuous......................................................................................................... 130
§ 30. The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous
Exclusive............................................................................................................ 130
The Past Perfect Continuous......................................................... 131
§31. The formation of the Past Perfect Continuous............................................... 131
§ 32. The use of the Past Perfect Continuous.......................................................... 132
§ 33. The Past Perfect Continuous Inclusive and the Past Continuous............... 133
The Future Perfect Continuous..................................................... 133
§ 34. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous.......................................... 133
§ 35. The use of the Future Perfect Continuous..................................................... 134
The Future Perfect Continuous in the Past..................................... 135
§ 36. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past...................... 135
§ 37. The use of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past.................................. 136
The Passive Voice
§ 1. The formation of the Passive Voice................................................................ 137
§ 2. The use of the Passive Voice............................................................................ 138
§ 3. The use of tenses in the Passive Voice........................................................... 139
§ 4. Ways of translating the Passive Voice into Russian..................................... 140
§ 5. Uses of the Passive Voice peculiar to the English language....................... 140
§6. The verb to be + Participle II............................................................................ 143
Modal Verbs
§ 1. Definition............................................................................................................ 145
§ 2. Can....................................................................................................................... 146
§ 3. May...................................................................................................................... 149
§ 4. Must..................................................................................................................... 152
§ 5. Should and ought.............................................................................................. 154
§ 6. To be + Infinitive................................................................................................. 156
§ 7. To have + Infinitive............................................................................................ 158
§ 8. Shall................................................................................................................... 160
§ 9. Will....................................................................................................................... 161
§ 10. Would.................................................................................................................. 163
§ 11.Dare..................................................................................................................... 164
§ 12. Need..................................................................................................................... 164
Mood......................................................................................................................................... 165
The Indicative Mood.................................................................................... 166
The Imperative Mood.................................................................................. 166
The Subjunctive Mood...................................................................................................... 167
§1. General notion..................................................................................................... 167
§2. Synthetic forms................................................................................................... 167
§3. Analytical forms.................................................................................................. 170
§ 4. The forms of the Indicative Mood used to express the same
meaning as is expressed by the Subjunctive Mood...................................... 170
The use of the Subjunctive Mood.................................................. 171
§ 5. Simple sentences................................................................................................. 171
§ 6. Conditional sentences......................................................................................... 172
§ 7. Adverbial clauses of purpose............................................................................ 177
§ 8. Adverbial clauses of concession....................................................................... 178
§ 9. Adverbial clauses of time and place............................................................... 179
§ 10. Adverbial clauses of comparison................................................................ 179
§11. Predicative clause............................................................................................ 180
§ 12. Subject clauses.................................................................................................. 181
§ 13. Object clauses.................................................................................................... 182
§ 14. Attributive appositive clauses......................................................................... 184
§ 15. Attributive clauses modifying the noun time in the principal
clause................................................................................................................... 184
§ 16. Emotional use of the Subjunctive Mood........................................................ 185
§ 17. Ways of rendering the Subjunctive Mood in Russian.................................. 186
Chapter VIII. The Non-finite Forms of the Verb (the Verbals)
§1. Definition.............................................................................................................. 187
§ 2. The characteristic traits of the verbals............................................................. 187
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| General classification of the parts of speech............................................... 18 | | | And the Complex Sentence |